The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(NDH)complex,as one of the most important photosynthesis protein complexes in thylakoid membrane,is involved in photosystem I(PSI)cyclic electron transport(CEF).Under abiotic envir...The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(NDH)complex,as one of the most important photosynthesis protein complexes in thylakoid membrane,is involved in photosystem I(PSI)cyclic electron transport(CEF).Under abiotic environmental stress,the photosynthetic apparatus is susceptible to the damage caused by the strong light illumination.However,the enhancement of NDHdependent CEF could facilitate the alleviation of the damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.The NdhB subunit encoded by chloroplast genome is one of most important subunits of NDH complex and consists of 510 amino acids.Here,according to cloning ndhB from Melrose(cultivated soybean),ACC547(wild salt-tolerant soybean),S113-6 and S111-9(hybrid descendant),based on the comparison and analysis of the sequences of NdhB subunits,we found that there is a novel thylakoid transit peptide of NdhB subunit in S111-9.In addition,crosslink immunoprecipitation,immunogold labeling and co-expression of GFP fusion protein indicated that the novel thylakoid transit peptide is favorable to the expression and localization of NdhB subunit in chloroplast.Therefore,we suggest that this novel thylakoid transit peptide plays the same role as chaperonin and contributes to facilitating the expression and localization of NdhB subunit.展开更多
In cyanobacteria and higher plants, NdhS is suggested to be an electron donor-binding subunit of NADPH dehydrogenase(NDH-1) complexes and its absence impairs NDH-1-dependent cyclic electron transport around photosyste...In cyanobacteria and higher plants, NdhS is suggested to be an electron donor-binding subunit of NADPH dehydrogenase(NDH-1) complexes and its absence impairs NDH-1-dependent cyclic electron transport around photosystem I(NDH-CET). Despite significant advances in the study of NdhS during recent years, its functional role in resisting heat stress is poorly understood.Here, our results revealed that the absence of NdhS resulted in a serious heat-sensitive growth phenotype in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. Furthermore, the rapid and significant increase in NDH-CET caused by heat treatment was completely abolished, and the repair of photosystem II under heat stress conditions was greatly impaired when compared to that of other photosynthetic apparatus in the thylakoid membrane. We therefore conclude that NdhS plays an important role in resistance to heat stress, possibly by stabilizing the electron input module of cyanobacterial NDH-1 complexes.展开更多
光是光合作用不可或缺的底物。然而过量的光照会对光合生物造成氧化胁迫和严重的损害。为了应对持续变化的光环境,蓝藻演化形成了灵活的电子传递网络。围绕光系统I(photosystem I,PSI)的循环电子传递(cyclic electron transport,CET)将...光是光合作用不可或缺的底物。然而过量的光照会对光合生物造成氧化胁迫和严重的损害。为了应对持续变化的光环境,蓝藻演化形成了灵活的电子传递网络。围绕光系统I(photosystem I,PSI)的循环电子传递(cyclic electron transport,CET)将电子从铁氧还蛋白Fd回流到质体醌(plastoquinone,PQ)库,产生ATP且不积累NADPH。在蓝藻和高等植物中发现了2种不同的CET途径,即NDH依赖途径和PGR5依赖途径。蓝藻中黄素二铁蛋白Flv1/Flv3参与了类梅勒(Mehler-like)反应,从PSI接受电子直接将氧气还原为水,且没有活性氧的形成。以集胞藻为试验材料,通过分析不同的CET和Flv突变株在不同光照条件下的生理特征以及其P700氧化/还原动力学,进而研究CET途径和类梅勒反应在集胞藻中的功能。结果表明NDH-1复合体对CET的贡献率超过90%,维持细胞能在持续高光环境下生长,而迅速应激的类梅勒反应在缓解瞬时高光胁迫时发挥了重要作用。因此我们认为在集胞藻中NDH-1介导的循环电子途径是稳固支持其适应高光逆境的主要机制,而类梅勒反应则是在现有主要途径严重不足时的1个备用途径。响应迅速的FLV路径是野生型和NDH-1突变株的补足。展开更多
本文利用HadISST的月平均海温数据以及ORAS3再分析数据,研究了PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation)不同位相对ENSO(El Niño and South Oscillation)非对称的年代际调整。对PDO不同位相的海表温度异常(SSTA,sea surface temperature a...本文利用HadISST的月平均海温数据以及ORAS3再分析数据,研究了PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation)不同位相对ENSO(El Niño and South Oscillation)非对称的年代际调整。对PDO不同位相的海表温度异常(SSTA,sea surface temperature anomaly)的偏度分析发现,PDO正位相期间东太平洋的ENSO非对称明显强于PDO负位相期间。同时,通过对次表层(50~150m)海洋热量收支计算发现,东太平洋次表层非线性动力加热项(NDH,nonlinear dynamical heating)在PDO不同位相下也有明显的变化,PDO正位相期间东太平洋的次表层NDH明显强于PDO负位相期间,NDH的差异主要是由其纬向分量NDHx的差异引起的。东太平洋更强的次表层NDHx使PDO正位相期间El Niño事件和La Niña事件次表层温度异常(SubTA,subsurface temperature anomaly)的差距更大,从而引起SSTA的非对称,导致PDO正位相期间东太平洋的ENSO非对称比PDO负位相期间强。展开更多
Recent sequencing efforts have broadly uncovered the evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes(plastomes)of flowering plants in diverse habitats,yet our knowledge of the evolution of plastid posttranscriptional modif...Recent sequencing efforts have broadly uncovered the evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes(plastomes)of flowering plants in diverse habitats,yet our knowledge of the evolution of plastid posttranscriptional modifications is limited.In this study,we generated 11 complete plastomes and performed ultra-deep transcriptome sequencing to investigate the co-evolution of plastid RNA editing and genetic variation in Cymbidium,a genus with diverse trophic lifestyles.Genome size and gene content is reduced in terrestrial and green mycoheterotrophic orchids relative to their epiphytic relatives.This could be partly due to extensive losses and pseudogenization of ndh genes for the plastid NADH dehydrogenase-like complex,but independent pseudogenization of ndh genes has also occurred in the epiphyte C.mannii,which was reported to use strong crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.RNA editing sites are abundant but variable in number among Cymbidium plastomes.The nearly twofold variation in editing abundance is mainly due to extensive reduction of ancestral editing sites in ndh transcripts of terrestrial,mycoheterotrophic,and C.mannii plastomes.The co-occurrence of editing reduction and pseudogenization in ndh genes suggests functional constraints on editing machinery may be relaxed,leading to nonrandom loss of ancestral edited sites via reduced editing efficiency.This study represents the first systematic examination of RNA editing evolution linked to plastid genome variation in a single genus.We also propose an explanation for how genomic and posttranscriptional variations might be affected by lifestyle-associated ecological adaptation strategies in Cymbidium.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801273)the Zhejiang A&F University Scientific Research and Development Fund Project(2018FR049)+1 种基金the Department of Science and Technology of Ningbo(DSTNB,Project No.2019C10008)the China Postdoctoral Foundation(2016M591984).
文摘The chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase(NDH)complex,as one of the most important photosynthesis protein complexes in thylakoid membrane,is involved in photosystem I(PSI)cyclic electron transport(CEF).Under abiotic environmental stress,the photosynthetic apparatus is susceptible to the damage caused by the strong light illumination.However,the enhancement of NDHdependent CEF could facilitate the alleviation of the damage to the photosynthetic apparatus.The NdhB subunit encoded by chloroplast genome is one of most important subunits of NDH complex and consists of 510 amino acids.Here,according to cloning ndhB from Melrose(cultivated soybean),ACC547(wild salt-tolerant soybean),S113-6 and S111-9(hybrid descendant),based on the comparison and analysis of the sequences of NdhB subunits,we found that there is a novel thylakoid transit peptide of NdhB subunit in S111-9.In addition,crosslink immunoprecipitation,immunogold labeling and co-expression of GFP fusion protein indicated that the novel thylakoid transit peptide is favorable to the expression and localization of NdhB subunit in chloroplast.Therefore,we suggest that this novel thylakoid transit peptide plays the same role as chaperonin and contributes to facilitating the expression and localization of NdhB subunit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370270)National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB118500)+1 种基金Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(14ZR1430000)Project of Shanghai Education Committee(12ZZ132)
文摘In cyanobacteria and higher plants, NdhS is suggested to be an electron donor-binding subunit of NADPH dehydrogenase(NDH-1) complexes and its absence impairs NDH-1-dependent cyclic electron transport around photosystem I(NDH-CET). Despite significant advances in the study of NdhS during recent years, its functional role in resisting heat stress is poorly understood.Here, our results revealed that the absence of NdhS resulted in a serious heat-sensitive growth phenotype in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. Furthermore, the rapid and significant increase in NDH-CET caused by heat treatment was completely abolished, and the repair of photosystem II under heat stress conditions was greatly impaired when compared to that of other photosynthetic apparatus in the thylakoid membrane. We therefore conclude that NdhS plays an important role in resistance to heat stress, possibly by stabilizing the electron input module of cyanobacterial NDH-1 complexes.
基金Elite Youth Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program。
文摘光是光合作用不可或缺的底物。然而过量的光照会对光合生物造成氧化胁迫和严重的损害。为了应对持续变化的光环境,蓝藻演化形成了灵活的电子传递网络。围绕光系统I(photosystem I,PSI)的循环电子传递(cyclic electron transport,CET)将电子从铁氧还蛋白Fd回流到质体醌(plastoquinone,PQ)库,产生ATP且不积累NADPH。在蓝藻和高等植物中发现了2种不同的CET途径,即NDH依赖途径和PGR5依赖途径。蓝藻中黄素二铁蛋白Flv1/Flv3参与了类梅勒(Mehler-like)反应,从PSI接受电子直接将氧气还原为水,且没有活性氧的形成。以集胞藻为试验材料,通过分析不同的CET和Flv突变株在不同光照条件下的生理特征以及其P700氧化/还原动力学,进而研究CET途径和类梅勒反应在集胞藻中的功能。结果表明NDH-1复合体对CET的贡献率超过90%,维持细胞能在持续高光环境下生长,而迅速应激的类梅勒反应在缓解瞬时高光胁迫时发挥了重要作用。因此我们认为在集胞藻中NDH-1介导的循环电子途径是稳固支持其适应高光逆境的主要机制,而类梅勒反应则是在现有主要途径严重不足时的1个备用途径。响应迅速的FLV路径是野生型和NDH-1突变株的补足。
文摘本文利用HadISST的月平均海温数据以及ORAS3再分析数据,研究了PDO(Pacific Decadal Oscillation)不同位相对ENSO(El Niño and South Oscillation)非对称的年代际调整。对PDO不同位相的海表温度异常(SSTA,sea surface temperature anomaly)的偏度分析发现,PDO正位相期间东太平洋的ENSO非对称明显强于PDO负位相期间。同时,通过对次表层(50~150m)海洋热量收支计算发现,东太平洋次表层非线性动力加热项(NDH,nonlinear dynamical heating)在PDO不同位相下也有明显的变化,PDO正位相期间东太平洋的次表层NDH明显强于PDO负位相期间,NDH的差异主要是由其纬向分量NDHx的差异引起的。东太平洋更强的次表层NDHx使PDO正位相期间El Niño事件和La Niña事件次表层温度异常(SubTA,subsurface temperature anomaly)的差距更大,从而引起SSTA的非对称,导致PDO正位相期间东太平洋的ENSO非对称比PDO负位相期间强。
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB31010000)by the Large-scale Scientific Facilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.2017-LSF-GBOWS-02)+1 种基金by an open research project for“Cross-Cooperative Team”of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciencesby the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program(to A.Z.).
文摘Recent sequencing efforts have broadly uncovered the evolutionary trajectory of plastid genomes(plastomes)of flowering plants in diverse habitats,yet our knowledge of the evolution of plastid posttranscriptional modifications is limited.In this study,we generated 11 complete plastomes and performed ultra-deep transcriptome sequencing to investigate the co-evolution of plastid RNA editing and genetic variation in Cymbidium,a genus with diverse trophic lifestyles.Genome size and gene content is reduced in terrestrial and green mycoheterotrophic orchids relative to their epiphytic relatives.This could be partly due to extensive losses and pseudogenization of ndh genes for the plastid NADH dehydrogenase-like complex,but independent pseudogenization of ndh genes has also occurred in the epiphyte C.mannii,which was reported to use strong crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis.RNA editing sites are abundant but variable in number among Cymbidium plastomes.The nearly twofold variation in editing abundance is mainly due to extensive reduction of ancestral editing sites in ndh transcripts of terrestrial,mycoheterotrophic,and C.mannii plastomes.The co-occurrence of editing reduction and pseudogenization in ndh genes suggests functional constraints on editing machinery may be relaxed,leading to nonrandom loss of ancestral edited sites via reduced editing efficiency.This study represents the first systematic examination of RNA editing evolution linked to plastid genome variation in a single genus.We also propose an explanation for how genomic and posttranscriptional variations might be affected by lifestyle-associated ecological adaptation strategies in Cymbidium.
