A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way w...A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.展开更多
Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No...Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No ffective treatments are available for AD,currently.Currenttreatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side ffects.Nearinfra-red(NIR)light has been studied for a long time.We investigated the effect of NIR on ADusing a transgenic mouse model,which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying ADmutations in amyloid precursor protein(APP)and presenilin-i(PSEN1)into C57BL/6J mice.The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array.The wave-length of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040 nm and 1090 nm.The power densitydelivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15 mW/cm^(2),Firstly,we treated the micewith NIR for 40 days,Then,the irradiation was suspended for 28 days.Finally,another 15 daystreatment was brought to mice.We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescenceanalysis to evaluate the effects of treatment.Immunofuorescence analysis was based on mea-suring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices,Our results show that NIR light improvesmemory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately.NIR light represents apotential treatment for AD.展开更多
Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammo...Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.展开更多
Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the...Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.展开更多
Road transport is currently one of the most important sectors affecting sustainable development and the improvement of the population’s standard of living. In some sub-Saharan African countries, including Burundi, th...Road transport is currently one of the most important sectors affecting sustainable development and the improvement of the population’s standard of living. In some sub-Saharan African countries, including Burundi, the transport structure is vulnerable, under attack, or even damaged or destroyed. This is prompting decision-makers to look for every possible way to enable dynamic management of the road system, as well as the collection of tax revenues attributable to this sector. To reach this stage, we postulate that the introduction of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) into the road tax and fee collection process would make a significant contribution (road safety, zero cash on silk Safety Officers, payment of a fine, eradication of road corruption etc.) to the digitization of the various transport sectors. As far as the city of Bujumbura is concerned (our field of intervention), the applicability of the present System could thus meet the expectations of the decision-maker, certain drivers and, by the same token, contribute to the promotion of Digital Technology in Burundi.展开更多
Sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） is now an establishedtechnique in penile and pelvic cancers, resulting in alower mortality and morbidity when compared withthe traditional lymph node dissection. In renal cancer how...Sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） is now an establishedtechnique in penile and pelvic cancers, resulting in alower mortality and morbidity when compared withthe traditional lymph node dissection. In renal cancer however, despite some early successes for the SLNB technique, paucity of data remains a problem, thus lymph node dissection and extended lymph node dissection remain the management of choice in clinically node positive patients, with surveillance of lymph nodes in those who are clinically node negative. SLNB is a rapidly evolving technique and the introduction of new techniques such as near infra-red fuorescence optical imaging agents and positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans, may improve sensitivity. Evidence in support of this has already been recorded in bladder and prostate cancer.Although the lack of large multi-centre studies and issues around false negativity currently prevent its widespread use, with evolving techniques improving accuracy and the support of large-scale studies, SLNB does have the potential to become an integral part of staging in renal malignancy.展开更多
文摘A new method to detect multiple outliers in multivariate data is proposed. It is a combination of minimum subsets, resampling and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm introduced by Kohonen,which provides a robust way with neural network. In this method, the number and organization of the neurons are selected by the characteristics of the spectra, e.g., the spectra data are often changed linearly with the concentration of the components and are often measured repeatedly, etc. So the spatial distribution of the neurons can be arranged by this characteristic. With this method, all the outliers in the spectra can be detected, which cannot be solved by the traditional method, and the speed of computation is higher than that of the traditional neural network method. The results of the simulation and the experiment show that this method is simple, effective, intuitionistic and all the outliers in the spectra can be detected in a short time. It is useful when associated with the regression model in the near infra-red research.
基金supported by grants awarded by the National Major Scientic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB910404)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61227017)+1 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China(2012CB518103)National Outstanding Young Scientist Award of China(61425006).
文摘Alzheimers disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disease.The symptoms include memoryand spatial learning dificulties,language disorders,and loss of motivation,which get worse overtime,eventually ending in death.No ffective treatments are available for AD,currently.Currenttreatments only attenuate symptoms temporarily and are associated with severe side ffects.Nearinfra-red(NIR)light has been studied for a long time.We investigated the effect of NIR on ADusing a transgenic mouse model,which was obtained by co-injecting two vectors carrying ADmutations in amyloid precursor protein(APP)and presenilin-i(PSEN1)into C57BL/6J mice.The irradiation equipment consisted of an accommodating box and an LED array.The wave-length of NIR light emitted from LED was between 1040 nm and 1090 nm.The power densitydelivered at the level of the mice was approximately 15 mW/cm^(2),Firstly,we treated the micewith NIR for 40 days,Then,the irradiation was suspended for 28 days.Finally,another 15 daystreatment was brought to mice.We conducted Morris water maze and immunofluorescenceanalysis to evaluate the effects of treatment.Immunofuorescence analysis was based on mea-suring the quantity of plaques in mouse brain slices,Our results show that NIR light improvesmemory and spatial learning ability and reduces plaques moderately.NIR light represents apotential treatment for AD.
文摘Cases are presented to reveal how modern computerised infra-red thermal imaging has the potential to assist in early breast cancer detection. The history of thermography and some recent controversies surrounding mammography are discussed. Examples of thermal imaging combined with naturopathic interventions are described. Since 2002, more than 8000 women in New Zealand have chosen to include thermal imaging as a part of their breast health management. Breast thermal imaging combined with relevant health advice, resulted in a perceived worthwhile benefit to patients in managing overall health.
文摘Introduction: Infra-red (IR) thermometry is a safe and valid method to determine internal and surface temperature in human subjects. Under conditions of brain damage (head injury or stroke) knowledge of changes in the temperature of intracranial tissue is justified because of the vulnerability of neurons to accelerated damage at temperatures at the upper end of the febrile range. Aim: To determine the temperature at the inner canthus (IC) of the eye as a potential surrogate for brain temperature. Methods: Invasive monitoring of deep brain structures, lateral ventricle and deep white matter. IR temperature readings obtained at right and left IC. Results: ?Strong correlations were evident between R and L IC and brain. Close, as well as poor, agreement between?? sites was shown in some patients and at some times. For right hemispheric lesions four had a better correlation between TbrV and TRIC when compared to TLIC.? When the correlation between TbrV and TLIC was better compared to TbrV and TRIC, four had a predominant right hemispheric lesion. Conclusions: Improved techniques for IR thermal imaging accuracy at the bedside has the potential to improve temperature measurement agreement. The predominant lesion side may have a bearing on maximum ipsilateral IC temperature Further studies are ongoing in this pilot study population.
文摘Road transport is currently one of the most important sectors affecting sustainable development and the improvement of the population’s standard of living. In some sub-Saharan African countries, including Burundi, the transport structure is vulnerable, under attack, or even damaged or destroyed. This is prompting decision-makers to look for every possible way to enable dynamic management of the road system, as well as the collection of tax revenues attributable to this sector. To reach this stage, we postulate that the introduction of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) into the road tax and fee collection process would make a significant contribution (road safety, zero cash on silk Safety Officers, payment of a fine, eradication of road corruption etc.) to the digitization of the various transport sectors. As far as the city of Bujumbura is concerned (our field of intervention), the applicability of the present System could thus meet the expectations of the decision-maker, certain drivers and, by the same token, contribute to the promotion of Digital Technology in Burundi.
文摘Sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） is now an establishedtechnique in penile and pelvic cancers, resulting in alower mortality and morbidity when compared withthe traditional lymph node dissection. In renal cancer however, despite some early successes for the SLNB technique, paucity of data remains a problem, thus lymph node dissection and extended lymph node dissection remain the management of choice in clinically node positive patients, with surveillance of lymph nodes in those who are clinically node negative. SLNB is a rapidly evolving technique and the introduction of new techniques such as near infra-red fuorescence optical imaging agents and positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans, may improve sensitivity. Evidence in support of this has already been recorded in bladder and prostate cancer.Although the lack of large multi-centre studies and issues around false negativity currently prevent its widespread use, with evolving techniques improving accuracy and the support of large-scale studies, SLNB does have the potential to become an integral part of staging in renal malignancy.
