In this paper , we have established an intimate connection between near-nings and linear automata,and obtain the following results: 1) For a near-ring N there exists a linear GSA S with N ≌ N(S) iff (a) (N, +) is abe...In this paper , we have established an intimate connection between near-nings and linear automata,and obtain the following results: 1) For a near-ring N there exists a linear GSA S with N ≌ N(S) iff (a) (N, +) is abelian, (b) N has an identity 1, (c) There is some d ∈ Nd such that N0 is generated by {1,d};2) Let h: S → S’ be a GSA- epimorphism. Then there exists a near-ring epimorphism from N(S) to N(S’) with h(qn) = h(q)h(n) for all q ∈ Q and n ∈ N(S);3) Let A = (Q,A,B,F,G) be a GA. Then (a) Aa:=(Q(N(A)) =: Qa,A,B,F/Qa × A) is accessible, (b) Q = 0N(A), (c) A/~:= (Q/~,A,B,F~), Q~) with F^([q], a):= [F(q,a)] and G^([q], a):= G(q,a) is reduced, (d) Aa/~ is minimal.展开更多
The concept of（∈,∈∨q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） of a near-ring is introduced and some of its related properties are investigated.In particular,the relationships among ordinary fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals）,（...The concept of（∈,∈∨q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） of a near-ring is introduced and some of its related properties are investigated.In particular,the relationships among ordinary fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals）,（∈,∈∨ q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） and（∈,∈∨q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） of near-rings are described.Finally,some characterization of [μ]t is given by means of（∈,∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals.展开更多
With a new idea, we redefine generalized fuzzy subnear-rings （ideals） of a near- ring and investigate some of its related properties. Some new characterizations are given. In particular, we introduce the concepts of...With a new idea, we redefine generalized fuzzy subnear-rings （ideals） of a near- ring and investigate some of its related properties. Some new characterizations are given. In particular, we introduce the concepts of strong prime （or semiprime） （∈, ∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals of near-rings, and discuss the relationship between strong prime （or semiprime） （∈, ∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals and prime （or semiprime） （∈, ∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals of near-rings.展开更多
Matrix rings are prominent in abstract algebra. In this paper we give an overview of the theory of matrix near-rings. A near-ring differs from a ring in that it does not need to be abelian and one of the distributive ...Matrix rings are prominent in abstract algebra. In this paper we give an overview of the theory of matrix near-rings. A near-ring differs from a ring in that it does not need to be abelian and one of the distributive laws does not hold in general. We introduce two ways in which matrix near-rings can be defined and discuss the structure of each. One is as given by Beildeman and the other is as defined by Meldrum. Beildeman defined his matrix near-rings as normal arrays under the operation of matrix multiplication and addition. He showed that we have a matrix near-ring over a near-ring if, and only if, it is a ring. In this case it is not possible to obtain a matrix near-ring from a proper near-ring. Later, in 1986, Meldrum and van der Walt defined matrix near-rings over a near-ring as mappings from the direct sum of n copies of the additive group of the near-ring to itself. In this case it can be shown that a proper near-ring is obtained. We prove several properties, introduce some special matrices and show that a matrix notation can be introduced to make calculations easier, provided that n is small.展开更多
The near field distribution and far field pattern of a monopulse ring focus shaped reflector antenna are studied. The four fold integral appearing in the formulation by using PO method is converted into a triple i...The near field distribution and far field pattern of a monopulse ring focus shaped reflector antenna are studied. The four fold integral appearing in the formulation by using PO method is converted into a triple integral for the near field case and a double integral for the far field case by applying the Fourier series expansion. Good agreements have been achieved between theoretical and experimental results.展开更多
给出(∈,∈∨q(λ,μ))-模糊子近环和理想的全新概念及刻画,并获得一些充分必要条件。其中值得指出的是当λ=0,μ=0.5时可以得到Davvaz文章中的相关结论[B.Davvaz,(∈,∈∨q)-fuzzysubnear-rings and ideals,soft comput.,2006,10:206-2...给出(∈,∈∨q(λ,μ))-模糊子近环和理想的全新概念及刻画,并获得一些充分必要条件。其中值得指出的是当λ=0,μ=0.5时可以得到Davvaz文章中的相关结论[B.Davvaz,(∈,∈∨q)-fuzzysubnear-rings and ideals,soft comput.,2006,10:206-211]。当λ=0,μ=1时可以得到Rosenfeld意义下的结论。展开更多
文摘In this paper , we have established an intimate connection between near-nings and linear automata,and obtain the following results: 1) For a near-ring N there exists a linear GSA S with N ≌ N(S) iff (a) (N, +) is abelian, (b) N has an identity 1, (c) There is some d ∈ Nd such that N0 is generated by {1,d};2) Let h: S → S’ be a GSA- epimorphism. Then there exists a near-ring epimorphism from N(S) to N(S’) with h(qn) = h(q)h(n) for all q ∈ Q and n ∈ N(S);3) Let A = (Q,A,B,F,G) be a GA. Then (a) Aa:=(Q(N(A)) =: Qa,A,B,F/Qa × A) is accessible, (b) Q = 0N(A), (c) A/~:= (Q/~,A,B,F~), Q~) with F^([q], a):= [F(q,a)] and G^([q], a):= G(q,a) is reduced, (d) Aa/~ is minimal.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60875034)the Natural Science Foundationof Education Committee of Hubei Province (D20092901+3 种基金Q20092907D20082903B200529001)the NaturalScience Foundation of Hubei Province (2008CDB341)
文摘The concept of（∈,∈∨q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） of a near-ring is introduced and some of its related properties are investigated.In particular,the relationships among ordinary fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals）,（∈,∈∨ q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） and（∈,∈∨q）-fuzzy subnear-rings（ideals） of near-rings are described.Finally,some characterization of [μ]t is given by means of（∈,∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60875034)the Natural Science Foundation of Education Committee of Hubei Province(D20092901),the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2009CDB340)
文摘With a new idea, we redefine generalized fuzzy subnear-rings （ideals） of a near- ring and investigate some of its related properties. Some new characterizations are given. In particular, we introduce the concepts of strong prime （or semiprime） （∈, ∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals of near-rings, and discuss the relationship between strong prime （or semiprime） （∈, ∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals and prime （or semiprime） （∈, ∈∨ q）-fuzzy ideals of near-rings.
文摘Matrix rings are prominent in abstract algebra. In this paper we give an overview of the theory of matrix near-rings. A near-ring differs from a ring in that it does not need to be abelian and one of the distributive laws does not hold in general. We introduce two ways in which matrix near-rings can be defined and discuss the structure of each. One is as given by Beildeman and the other is as defined by Meldrum. Beildeman defined his matrix near-rings as normal arrays under the operation of matrix multiplication and addition. He showed that we have a matrix near-ring over a near-ring if, and only if, it is a ring. In this case it is not possible to obtain a matrix near-ring from a proper near-ring. Later, in 1986, Meldrum and van der Walt defined matrix near-rings over a near-ring as mappings from the direct sum of n copies of the additive group of the near-ring to itself. In this case it can be shown that a proper near-ring is obtained. We prove several properties, introduce some special matrices and show that a matrix notation can be introduced to make calculations easier, provided that n is small.
文摘The near field distribution and far field pattern of a monopulse ring focus shaped reflector antenna are studied. The four fold integral appearing in the formulation by using PO method is converted into a triple integral for the near field case and a double integral for the far field case by applying the Fourier series expansion. Good agreements have been achieved between theoretical and experimental results.
文摘给出(∈,∈∨q(λ,μ))-模糊子近环和理想的全新概念及刻画,并获得一些充分必要条件。其中值得指出的是当λ=0,μ=0.5时可以得到Davvaz文章中的相关结论[B.Davvaz,(∈,∈∨q)-fuzzysubnear-rings and ideals,soft comput.,2006,10:206-211]。当λ=0,μ=1时可以得到Rosenfeld意义下的结论。
