基于MVDR算法的卫星通信地球站面天线组阵抗干扰仿真研究

现代战争中,大量指挥控制和情报信息通过卫星传输,卫星通信地球站的抗干扰能力是保证信息通畅的基础。针对多个小型地球站受干扰无法通信的情况,提出基于面天线阵列的最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)算法。首先分析卫星通信地球站天线要素,给出面天线的增益表达式,建立面天线阵列接收信号的数学模型;然后研究MVDR改进算法波束形成机理,推导出反射面天线阵列输出信干噪比和最优权矢量的算式,分析均匀线阵在部分角度抗干扰效果不佳的原因,并针对该问题提出一种阵列布设逼近最小冗余阵且阵元位置互质的线性阵列;最后通过多组仿真实验验证所提算法对于提升阵列抗干扰性能的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提算法可提高面天线阵列的卫星方向增益、增大阵列的输出信干噪比、有效抑制卫星通信下行链路干扰。

一种基于MVDR的改进型麦克风阵列语音增强算法

传统的最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)波束形成算法不能很好地跟踪信号统计特征的变化,适应时变环境的能力较差.本文对其进行改进,提出一种实时估计环境噪声及干扰的相关矩阵的方法,使用时变遗忘因子更新相关矩阵,遗忘因子根据目标语音的存在概率变化,最后引入对角加载技术更新滤波器权向量,以保证波束形成的质量.实验结果显示,相比传统的MVDR算法,改进后的MVDR波束形成算法具有更好的降噪效果,能获得更高的分段信噪比和PESQ得分.

基于SRM模型的宽带MVDR快速算法研究

为满足潜艇等水下航行器宽带自适应波束形成算法的更高实时性要求,在经典的MVDR(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response)时域解析信号模型的基础上,设计一种基于SRM(Spiked Random Matrix)的协方差逆运算的快速估计算法。首先对宽带信号进行时域解析信号的构造,依据基于随机矩阵理论,然后通过对快拍信号的协方差矩阵的特征值进行调整和处理,实现精确的协方差矩阵的逆运算估计,避免了传统的复杂求逆运算,尤其适合多传感器和快拍样本受限的环境。仿真实验和海试数据证明,提出的算法波束指向性能更优,信号处理复杂度更低,随着阵元间距数的增加,性能获得明显的提升。

最小范数约束的改进MVDR波束形成算法

针对传统的最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)波束形成方法,难以有效均衡和同时优化干扰和噪声抑制的问题,提出一种基于最小范数解的改进算法。通过对阵列接收信号的自相关阵进行特征分解,取大特征值减去噪声功率及大特征值对应特征向量,构建线性约束方程的最小范数解,代替MVDR算法中的自相关阵的逆的形式形成加权系数,其中噪声功率由小特征值的平均值估计,获得的权系数对应于线性约束条件下的最小范数解。仿真分析表明,该算法能够有效地在干扰位置处形成零陷,利于后续在时间维的噪声滤波处理,较之于MVDR等算法有更好的干扰和噪声抑制性能。

A historical overview of nano-optics:From near-field optics to plasmonics

Nano-optics is an emergent research field in physics that appeared in the 1980s,which deals with light–matter optical interactions at the nanometer scale.In early studies of nano-optics,the main concern focus is to obtain higher optical resolution over the diffraction limit.The researches of near-field imaging and spectroscopy based on scanning near-field optical microscopy(SNOM)are developed.The exploration of improving SNOM probe for near-field detection leads to the emergence of surface plasmons.In the sense of resolution and wider application,there has been a significant transition from seeking higher resolution microscopy to plasmonic near-field modulations in the nano-optics community during the nano-optic development.Nowadays,studies of nano-optics prefer the investigation of plasmonics in different material systems.In this article,the history of the development of near-field optics is briefly reviewed.The difficulties of conventional SNOM to achieve higher resolution are discussed.As an alternative solution,surface plasmons have shown the advantages of higher resolution,wider application,and flexible nano-optical modulation for new devices.The typical studies in different periods are introduced and characteristics of nano-optics in each stage are analyzed.In this way,the evolution progress from near-field optics to plasmonics of nano-optics research is presented.The future development of nano-optics is discussed then.

Modeling Near-Field Impulsive Waves Generated by Deformable Landslide Using the HBP Model Based on the SPH Method

Landslide-generated impulsive waves(LGWs)in reservoir areas can seriously threaten waterway safety as well as hu-man life and properties around the two side slopes.The risk reduction and mitigation of such a hazard require the accurate prediction of near-field wave characteristics,such as wave amplitude and run-up.However,near-field LGW involves complicated fluid-solid interactions.Furthermore,the wave characteristics are closely related to various aspects,including the geometry and physical features of the slide,river,and body of water.However,the empirical or analytical methods used for rough estimation cannot derive accurate results,especially for deformable landslides,due to their significant geometry changes during the sliding process.In this study,the near-field waves generated by deformable landslides were simulated by smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)based on multi-phase flow.The deformable landslides were generalized as a kind of viscous flow by adopting the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou(HBP)-based nonNewtonian rheology model.The HBP model is capable of producing deformable landslide dynamics even though the high-speed sliding process is involved.In this study,an idealized experiment case originating from Lituya LGW and a practical case of Gongjiafang LGW were reproduced for verification and demonstration.The simulation results of both cases show satisfactory consistency with the experiment/investigation data in terms of landslide movement and near-field impulsive wave characteristics,thus indicating the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.Finally,the effects of the HBP model’s rheological parameters on the landslide dynamics and near-field wave characteristics are discussed,providing a parameter calibration method along with sug-gestions for further applications.

Influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based on biaxial hyperbolic materials

Relative rotation between the emitter and receiver could effectively modulate the near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT)in anisotropic media.Due to the strong in-plane anisotropy,natural hyperbolic materials can be used to construct near-field radiative modulators with excellent modulation effects.However,in practical applications,natural hyperbolic materials need to be deposited on the substrate,and the influence of substrate on modulation effect has not been studied yet.In this work,we investigate the influence of substrate effect on near-field radiative modulator based onα-MoO_(3).The results show that compared to the situation without a substrate,the presence of both lossless and lossy substrate will reduce the modulation contrast(MC)for different film thicknesses.When the real or imaginary component of the substrate permittivity increases,the mismatch of hyperbolic phonon polaritons(HPPs)weakens,resulting in a reduction in MC.By reducing the real and imaginary components of substrate permittivity,the MC can be significantly improved,reaching 4.64 forε_(s)=3 at t=10 nm.This work indicates that choosing a substrate with a smaller permittivity helps to achieve a better modulation effect,and provides guidance for the application of natural hyperbolic materials in the near-field radiative modulator.

Near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoporous GaN films

Photon tunneling effects give rise to surface waves,amplifying radiative heat transfer in the near-field regime.Recent research has highlighted that the introduction of nanopores into materials creates additional pathways for heat transfer,leading to a substantial enhancement of near-field radiative heat transfer(NFRHT).Being a direct bandgap semiconductor,GaN has high thermal conductivity and stable resistance at high temperatures,and holds significant potential for applications in optoelectronic devices.Indeed,study of NFRHT between nanoporous GaN films is currently lacking,hence the physical mechanism for adding nanopores to GaN films remains to be discussed in the field of NFRHT.In this work,we delve into the NFRHT of GaN nanoporous films in terms of gap distance,GaN film thickness and the vacuum filling ratio.The results demonstrate a 27.2%increase in heat flux for a 10 nm gap when the nanoporous filling ratio is 0.5.Moreover,the spectral heat flux exhibits redshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio.To be more precise,the peak of spectral heat flux moves fromω=1.31×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)toω=1.23×10^(14)rad·s^(-1)when the vacuum filling ratio changes from f=0.1 to f=0.5;this can be attributed to the excitation of surface phonon polaritons.The introduction of graphene into these configurations can highly enhance the NFRHT,and the spectral heat flux exhibits a blueshift with increase in the vacuum filling ratio,which can be explained by the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons.These findings offer theoretical insights that can guide the extensive utilization of porous structures in thermal control,management and thermal modulation.

Localization for mixed near-field and far-field sources under impulsive noise

In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method is proposed.After eliminating the impacts of impulsive noise by the weighted out-lier filter,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of FFSs can be estimated by multiple signal classification(MUSIC)spectral peaks search.Based on the DOAs information of FFSs,the separation of mixed sources can be performed.Finally,the estimation of localizing parameters of NFSs can avoid two-dimension spectral peaks search by decomposing steering vectors.The Cramer-Rao bounds(CRB)for the unbiased estimations of DOA and range under impulsive noise have been drawn.Simulation experiments verify that the proposed method has advantages in probability of successful estimation(PSE)and root mean square error(RMSE)compared with existing localization methods.It can be concluded that the proposed method is effective and reliable in the environment with low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR),few snapshots,and strong impulse.

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer, Sensing and Communication with Bessel Beams

The Bessel beam,characterized by its unique non-diffracting properties,holds promising applications.In this paper,we provide a detailed introduction and investigation into the theory and research of the Bessel beam,with a special focus on its generation and applications in the near-field region.We provide an introduction to the concepts,properties,and foundational theories of the Bessel beam.Additionally,the current study on generating Bessel beams and their applications is categorized and discussed,and potential research challenges are proposed in this paper.This review serves as a solid foundation for researchers to understand the concept of the Bessel beam and explore its potential applications.

Towards Near-Field Communications for 6G:Challenges and Opportunities

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output(XL-MIMO)and terahertz(THz)communications are pivotal candidate technologies for supporting the development of 6G mobile networks.However,these techniques invalidate the common assumptions of far-field plane waves and introduce many new properties.To accurately understand the performance of these new techniques,spherical wave modeling of near-field communications needs to be applied for future research.Hence,the investigation of near-field communication holds significant importance for the advancement of 6G,which brings many new and open research challenges in contrast to conventional far-field communication.In this paper,we first formulate a general model of the near-field channel and discuss the influence of spatial nonstationary properties on the near-field channel modeling.Subsequently,we discuss the challenges encountered in the near field in terms of beam training,localization,and transmission scheme design,respectively.Finally,we point out some promising research directions for near-field communications.

Near-Field Beam Training for Holographic MIMO Communications: Typical Methods, Challenges and Future Directions

Holographic multiple-input multiple-output(HMIMO)has become an emerging technology for achieving ultra-high frequency spectral efficiency and spatial resolution in future wireless systems.The increasing antenna aperture leads to a more significant characterization of the spherical wavefront in near-field communications in HMIMO scenarios.Beam training as a key technique for wireless communication is worth exploring in this near-field scenario.Compared with the widely researched far-field beam training,the increased dimensionality of the search space for near-field beam training poses a challenge to the complexity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.In this paper,we introduce several typical near-field beam training methods:exhaustive beam training,hierarchical beam training,and multi-beam training that includes equal interval multi-beam training and hash multi-beam training.The performances of these methods are compared through simulation analysis,and their effectiveness is verified on the hardware testbed as well.Additionally,we provide application scenarios,research challenges,and potential future research directions for near-field beam training.

基于MVDR波束形成的FDA平台外干扰抑制

针对频控阵(frequency diverse array,FDA)在对与目标位置相近的平台外干扰进行抑制时,传统FDA与非线性频偏结合不能实现距离-角度去耦合、对数递增FDA主瓣展宽较大和汉明窗加权FDA距离维旁瓣过高的问题,在充分研究汉明窗加权的线性FDA(Hamming linear FDA,HL-FDA)方案的基础上,对4种频偏方案的性能进行了分析,提出采用FDA多输入多输出结构代替传统的一维均匀线性FDA结构,通过结合最小方差无失真响应(minimum variance distortion free respinse,MVDR)准则,将HL-FDA应用到MVDR自适应波束形成层面,对平台外干扰进行抑制。仿真验证了HL-FDA在结合MVDR自适应波束形成算法后能有效地对抗距离-角度二维平台外干扰。

Modular Extremely Large-Scale Array Communication:Near-Field Modelling and Performance Analysis

This paper investigates the wireless communication with a novel architecture of antenna arrays,termed modular extremely large-scale array(XLarray),where array elements of an extremely large number/size are regularly mounted on a shared platform with both horizontally and vertically interlaced modules.Each module consists of a moderate/flexible number of array elements with the inter-element distance typically in the order of the signal wavelength,while different modules are separated by the relatively large inter-module distance for convenience of practical deployment.By accurately modelling the signal amplitudes and phases,as well as projected apertures across all modular elements,we analyse the near-field signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)performance for modular XL-array communications.Based on the non-uniform spherical wave(NUSW)modelling,the closed-form SNR expression is derived in terms of key system parameters,such as the overall modular array size,distances of adjacent modules along all dimensions,and the user's three-dimensional(3D)location.In addition,with the number of modules in different dimensions increasing infinitely,the asymptotic SNR scaling laws are revealed.Furthermore,we show that our proposed near-field modelling and performance analysis include the results for existing array architectures/modelling as special cases,e.g.,the collocated XL-array architecture,the uniform plane wave(UPW)based far-field modelling,and the modular extremely large-scale uniform linear array(XL-ULA)of onedimension.Extensive simulation results are presented to validate our findings.

一种改进的基于空时MVDR的宽带DOA估计算法

针对空时最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)准则应用于宽带波达方法(Direction of Arriral,DOA)估计时算法的计算复杂度较大和训练样本量较高的问题,提出一种可以降低滤波器抽头数量的改进算法。该算法先通过滤波器组和抽取器对快拍数据进行预处理,再执行空时MVDR波束形成,在不增加滤波器抽头数的条件下提高了算法的频率分辨率和快拍数据的持续时间,从而降低算法的计算复杂度和训练样本量。数值仿真实验表明:与基于相同准则传统的宽带DOA估计算法相比,该算法在有限时间样本下具有更好的角度分辨率和更低的计算复杂度。

基于CS-MVDR的多目标方位估计新方法

针对空时欠采样条件下多目标方位估计存在的问题,将压缩感知理论引入到最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)方法中进行多目标方位估计,通过空间角度网格划分形式实现信号在空时域的稀疏性表示,利用空间谱估计恢复重构空间稀疏向量,从而实现空间上多信号入射角的方位估计。该方法不仅运算量低,在低信噪比、低阵元采样数、高估计精度和稳健性等方面的优势更为突出。

基于海试数据的水声信号自适应波束形成方法性能分析

为了更好验证自适应波束形成技术的实际应用,本文研究了基于海试数据的不同自适应波束形成方法的性能,对比分析CBF算法、MVDR算法、MUSIC算法的优缺点,总结了各算法适用条件及实用性。研究结果表明,在声呐的实际应用中,CBF算法更适用于实时性要求较高、目标数量较少的方位探测;MUSIC算法更适用于实时性要求不高、目标数量较多、目标数量已知的方位探测;MVDR算法更适用于实时性要求不高、目标数量较多、目标数量未知的方位探测。

利用近场MVDR双聚焦波束成形方法实现被动测距

本文分析了近场环境下基于双聚焦波束成形的水下被动测距方法。通过修正MVDR方向矢量,得到了适用于近场环境的MVDR。仿真实验证明近场MVDR双聚焦波束成形测距方法优于普通波束成形和远场MVDR双聚焦波束成形,能明显减小目标距离估计的模糊区域。在相邻两个日标的定位性能上,MVDR双聚焦波束成形技术也比MVDR单聚焦系统体现出更大的优势,能较好地分辨目标。

矢量水听器阵波束域MVDR方法研究

矢量水听器可同时拾取声压和振速信息,成阵后水听器间的相移信息量增大.基于矢量水听器阵的波束形成性能明显由于单纯声压水听器阵.矢量水听器阵可用常规方法进行波束形成,但其方位分辨率有限.已经有人研究了矢量水听器阵的最小方差无失真响应波束形成算法(MVDR),但属于对阵元域信号进行的直接处理,运算量较大.本文提出一种基于矢量水听器阵的波束域MVDR算法(BMVDR).该算法首先将矢量水听器阵元的空间数据转换到波束空间,然后对转换后的数据再运用MVDR算法.结果,不但实现了降维处理,减小了运算量,同时可进一步抑制扫描扇面外的噪声.对BMVDR算法进行了仿真并与常规MVDR算法进行了比较.结果表明,本文方法可得到与常规MVDR算法相当的方位分辨能力.

波束域MVDR高分辨方位估计方法研究

针对 MVDR在低信噪比时分辨性能下降问题 ,提出了波束域 MVDR( BMVDR)方法 ,并提出了在实际声纳系统中用 BMVDR代替现有的分裂波束精测定向法 ,与多波束系统结合成定向设备的新思路 .BMVDR不仅能有效解决 MVDR在低信噪比下分辨性能下降问题 ,而且不需要对声纳定向系统做大的改动 ,BMVDR就能与现有声纳中的多波束系统有效地结合起来 ,显著地提高多目标分辨性能 。