Regional dynamic cerebral autoregulation across anterior and posterior circulatory territories:A detailed exploration and its clinical implications

Cerebral autoregulation(CA)is the mechanism that maintains stable cerebral blood flow(CBF)despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure,crucial for brain homeostasis.Recent evidence highlights distinct regional variations in CA between the anterior(carotid)and posterior(vertebrobasilar)circulations.Noninvasive neuromonitoring techniques,such as transcranial Doppler,transfer function analysis,and near-infrared spectroscopy,facilitate the dynamic assessment of CBF and autoregulation.Studies indicate a robust autoregulatory capacity in the anterior circulation,characterized by rapid adjustments in vascular resistance.On the contrary,the posterior circulation,mainly supplied by the vertebral arteries,may have a lower autoregulatory capacity.in acute brain injuries such as intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage,and traumatic brain injuries,dynamic CA can be significantly altered in the posterior circulation.Proposed physiological mechanisms of impaired CA in the posterior circulation include:(1)Decreased sympathetic innervation of the vasculature impairing compensatory vasoreactivity;(2)Endothelial dysfunction;(3)Increased cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption within the visual cortex causing CBFmetabolism(i.e.,neurovascular)uncoupling;and(4)Impaired blood-brain barrier integrity leading to impaired astrocytic mediated release of vasoactive substances(e.g.nitric oxide,potassium,and calcium ions).Furthermore,more research is needed on the effects of collateral circulation,as well as the circle of Willis variants,such as the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery,on dynamic CA.Improving our understanding of these mechanisms is crucial to improving the diagnosis,prognosis,and management of various cerebrovascular disorders.

Enhancing near-infrared II photodynamic therapy with nitric oxide for eradicating multidrug-resistant biofilms in deep tissues

Nitric oxide(NO)enhanced photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a promising approach to overcome drug tolerance and resistance to biofilm but is limited by its short excitation wavelengths and low yield of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Herein,we develop a compelling degradable polymer-based near-infrared II(NIR-II,1000-1700 nm)photosensitizer(PNIR-II),which can maintain 50%PDT efficacy even under a 2.6 cm tissue barrier.Remarkably,PNIR-II is synthesized by alternately connecting the electron donor thiophene to the electron acceptors diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP)and boron dipyrromethene(BODIPY),where the intramolecular charge transfer properties can be tuned to increase the intersystem crossover rate and decrease the internal conversion rate,thereby stabilizing the NIR-II photodynamic rather than photothermal effect.For exerting a combination therapy to eradicate multidrug-resistant biofilms,PNIR-II is further assembled into nanoparticles(NPs)with a synthetic glutathione-triggered NO donor polymer.Under 1064 nm laser radiation,NPs precisely release ROS and NO that triggered by over-expressed GSH in the biofilm microenvironment,thereby forming more bactericidal reactive nitrogen species(RNS)in vitro and in vivo in the mice model that orderly destroy biofilm of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cultures from clinical patients.It thus provides a new outlook for destroy the biofilm of deep tissues.

Investigation of star formation toward the Sharpless 155 H II region

We present a comprehensive study of star formation toward the H II re- gion Sharpless 155 （$155）. Star-formation activities therein were investigated based on multi-wavelength data from optical to the far-infrared. The surface density distri- bution of selected 2MASS sources toward S 155 indicates the existence of a compact cluster, which is spatially consistent with the position of the exciting source of the Htt region, HD 217086. A sample of more than 200 sources with excessive emission in the infrared were selected based on their 2MASS color indices. The spatial distri- bution of the sample sources reveals the existence of three young subclusters in this region, among which subcluster A is spatially coincident with the bright rim of the H II region. In addition, photometric data from the WISE survey were used to identify and classify young stellar objects （YSOs）. To further explore the evolutionary stages of the candidate YSOs, we fit the spectral energy distributions of 44 sources, which led to the identification of 14 Class I, 27 Class II and 3 Class Ⅲ YSOs. The spatial distribu- tion of the classified YSOs at different evolutionary stages presents a spatiotemporal gradient, which is consistent with a scenario of sequential star formation. On the other hand, Herschel PACS observations toward the interface between S 155 and the ambi- ent molecular cloud disclose an arc-shaped dust layer, the origin of which could be attributed to the UV dissipation from early type stars, e.g. HD 217061, in S155. Four dusty cores were revealed by the Herschel data, which hints at new generations of star formation.

Line profile studies of hydrodynamical models of cometary compact H II regions

We simulate the evolution of cometary H II regions based on several champagne flow models and bow shock models, and calculate the profiles of the [Ne II] fine-structure line at 12.81 μm, the H30α recombination line and the [Ne III] finestructure line at 15.55 μm for these models at different inclinations of 0°, 30° and 60°. We find that the profiles in the bow shock models are generally different from those in the champagne flow models, but the profiles in the bow shock models with lower stellar velocity （≤ 5 km s^-1） are similar to those in the champagne flow models. In champagne flow models, both the velocity of peak flux and the flux weighted central velocities of all three lines point outward from molecular clouds. In bow shock models, the directions of these velocities depend on the speed of stars. The central velocities of these lines are consistent with the stellar motion in the high stellar speed cases, but they are opposite directions from the stellar motion in the low speed cases. We notice that the line profiles from the slit along the symmetrical axis of the projected 2D image of these models are useful for distinguishing bow shock models from champagne flow models. It is also confirmed by the calculation that the flux weighted central velocity and the line luminosity of the [Ne III] line can be estimated from the [Ne II] line and the H30α line.

Photoionization Modelling of H II Region for Oxygen Ions

We present phoionization model calculations of ionization fraction of hydrogen, helium and oxy-gen at low density of photoionized nebulae using the photoionization code CLOUDY. The ionization parameter is between -2.0 ≤ log(U) ≤ 1.0, and we study them by changing the abundances of oxy-gen from -2.5 ≤ log(O/H) ≤ -5.0. This was tested first by Campbell (1988) [1]. But, this was differ-ent in highest abundances of oxygen, filling factor and carbon abundances. We change the abun-dances of carbon by 0.5 dex of solar value, to avoid formation CO in the process. We include the charge transfer interaction between oxygen ions and hydrogen atom. Based on this process, we have calculated the ionization profiles of O0, O+, O2+ O3+ and O4+ in the presence and absence of charge exchange between hydrogen and oxygen. In this work, we assumed the effective rate of co-efficient for the charge transfer is the order of ≈10-9 cm-3-s-1.

Model of Hydrogen Deficient Nebulae in H II Regions at High Temperature

In current photoionization models, determination of the ionization structure of the nebulae is a crucial part of the calculations for non-uniform hydrogen density. We have been tried to compute temperature fluctuations of electron and electron density by changing hydrogen density by scale factor of 10 at high temperature of blackbody. We have studied the ionization structure of hydrogen and helium by means of cloudy C13.01 codes. We find a reasonable close agreement of the computed value. Moreover, the ionization structure of oxygen at ionization stages of, O I - O IV, in gaseous nebulae are studied by changing non uniform hydrogen density with power law. Our simulation also shows that how the change of this density affect temperature fluctuations, electron density and ionization structures of oxygen, helium and hydrogen with and without grains. The result also shows the impact of the forbidden lines of [O III] and [O II] to cool down the temperature of electron.

Multi-wavelength study of triggered star formation around 25 H II regions

We investigate 25 H II regions that show bubble morphology in 13CO（1-0） and infrared data, to search for quantitative evidence of triggered star formation by processes described by the collect and collapse （CC） and radiatively driven implosion （RDI） models. These H II regions display the morphology of a complete or partial bubble at 8 μm, and are all associated with the molecular clouds that surround them. We found that the electron temperature ranges from 5627 K to 6839 K in these H II regions, and the average electron temperature is 6083 K. The age of these H II regions is from 3.0× 10^5 yr to 1.7 × 10^6 yr, and the mean age is 7.7 × 10^5 yr. Based on the mor- phology of the associated molecular clouds, we divide these H II regions into three groups, which may support CC and RDI models. We select 23 young IRAS sources which have an infrared luminosity of 〉 10^3 Lo in 19 H II regions. In addition, we iden- tify some young stellar objects （including Class I sources）, which are only concen- trated in H II regions G29.007＋0.076, G44.339-0.827 and G47.028＋0.232. The poly- cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions of the three H II regions all show a cometary globule. Comparing the age of each H II region with the characteristic timescales for star formation, we suggest that the three H II regions can trigger clustered star forma- tion by an RDI process. In addition, we detect seven molecular outflows in the five H II regions for the first time. These outflow sources may be triggered by the corresponding H II regions.

用于深层组织光学成像的荧光探针与成像技术

对用于深层组织成像的探针和自适应光学成像技术的最新研究进展进行了综述,旨在为生命科学和跨学科的研究提供了一个新的思路和视角。首先,对发射光波长在近红外-Ⅱ区的荧光、生物发光、化学发光和长余辉发光的探针进行了阐述,同时,对直接波前传感方法实现快速测量和校正波畸变,以及间接波前传感方法实现校正复杂光学像差的相关技术进行了概述。上述技术和方法的不断更新,使得光学成像能够成功地穿透更深层的组织,减少背景噪声以获得更高的成像质量。

抗环子孢子蛋白保守II^+区单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的 获得针对恶性疟原虫环子孢子蛋白 (CSP)保守II+ 区 (RegionII+ )的单克隆抗体。 方法 采用恶性疟原虫保守II+ 区十二肽 (EWSPCSVTCGNG)免疫BALB/c小鼠 ,经融合 ,ELISA 3次筛选 ,获得 3株分泌针对保守II+ 区单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。 结果 ELISA检测结果显示单抗能与重组表达的恶性疟原虫CSP片段及天然CSP特异性反应。间接荧光抗体检测显示 ,单抗不仅能识别恶性疟原虫子孢子 ,也能识别约氏疟原虫子孢子。 结论 成功地获得了针对恶性疟原虫CSP保守II+

固定矫治联合微种植体支抗在青少年安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形治疗中的应用

目的:探讨固定矫治联合微种植体支抗治疗青少年安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形患者的疗效。方法:将2019年1月-2021年12月笔者医院收治的85例安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形患者纳入研究。根据是否配合使用微种植体支抗分为对照组(n=42)和观察组(n=43)。对照组患者采用固定矫治器治疗,观察组患者采用固定矫治联合微种植体支抗治疗。随访1年,比较两组SNA角、SNB角、GO-GN-SN角、OP-SN角等颌面部指标,比较两组前牙覆(牙合)覆盖、磨牙咬合关系、中线关系等错(牙合)畸形指标。治疗后,两组生活质量采用SF-36生活质量量表评估比较,采用医院自制外观功能满意度对两组矫治满意度进行评估比较。结果:治疗后,两组SNA值略有下降,SNB值、GO-GN-SN值、OP-SN值略有增加,且观察组SNA值低于对照组,SNB值、GO-GN-SN值、OP-SN值均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组前牙覆盖、前牙覆(牙合)、磨牙咬合关系、中线关系评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组心理功能、运动功能、饮食功能及生理功能等生活质量评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组外形、舒适度、咬合功能和便捷性等满意度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:青少年安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形患者应用固定矫治器联合微种植体支抗治疗效果显著,可有效改善患者颌面部组织形态,降低错(牙合)畸形严重程度,提高患者生活质量,患者满意度更高。

近红外Ⅱ区有机荧光探针的构筑与生物成像研究进展

荧光成像技术凭借灵敏度高、特异性强和可实时成像等优点,被广泛应用于生物医学和疾病诊断等领域。近红外Ⅱ区(NIR-Ⅱ,1000~1700 nm)荧光成像技术,能够有效弥补可见光(390~780 nm)荧光成像过程中组织穿透性差、生物样品光吸收和自发荧光干扰、信噪比低等不足,提高荧光成像的灵敏度、分辨率和组织穿透度,极大推动了生物医学成像发展。目前,涌现出较多荧光成像技术,其中有机荧光探针凭借其生物兼容性好、毒性较低和廉价易得等突出优势受到越来越多关注。通过系统性概括近年来NIR-Ⅱ有机小分子荧光探针的研究进展,按识别对象和生物成像用途分类介绍其设计原理及生物应用,并对该类探针在疾病诊断和手术荧光示踪方面进行了探讨,为NIR-Ⅱ有机小分子荧光探针的未来发展奠定基础。

Near-infrared-II deep tissue fluorescence microscopy and application

Fluorescence imaging has become an essential tool in biomedical research.However,non-invasive deep-tissue threedimensional optical in vivo imaging with the high spatiotemporal resolution is challenging due to the interaction between photons and tissues.Beam shaping has been used to tailor microscopy techniques to enhance microscope performance.The nearinfrared window(NIR)between 700 and 1,700 nm,generally emphasized as the NIR-II(1,000–1,700 nm)window,has been developed into a promising bio-optical solution chosen as the lower interaction effect in this spectrum,showing potential in basic biological research and clinical application.In this review,we summarize the existing methods to increase penetration depth and extensively describe biological microscopy techniques,NIR-II spectral windows,and fluorophores.Strategies to improve bioimaging performance and NIR-II imaging applications are introduced.Based on the current research achievements,we elucidate the main challenges and provide some recommendations and prospects for deep tissue penetration fluorescence for future biomedical applications.

关中地区仰韶晚期遗存分期再探

关中地区是仰韶文化分布的核心区域之一,其中仰韶晚期遗址数量多、分布范围广、出土材料丰富,处于仰韶时代向龙山时代转变的关键期。通过梳理关中地区仰韶晚期典型遗存,并结合最新发现的泾阳蒋刘遗址出土材料,将关中地区仰韶晚期遗存分为“蒋刘期”“半坡四期”“泉护二期”三个发展阶段。三个阶段前后相继,关系密切,代表了关中地区仰韶晚期早、中、晚三个时段。

The cumulative analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture involves synaptic remodeling in the hippocampal CA3 region

In the present study, we examined the analgesic effect of repeated electroacupuncture at bilateral Zusanfi （ST36） and Yanglingquan （GB34） once a day for 14 consecutive days in a rat model of chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, concomitant changes in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression and synaptic ultrastructure of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region were examined. The thermal pain threshold （paw withdrawal latency） was increased significantly in both groups at 2 weeks after electroacupuncture intervention compared with 2 days of electroacupuncture. In ovariectomized rats with chronic constriction injury, the analgesic effect was significantly reduced. Electroacupuncture for 2 weeks significantly diminished the injury-induced increase in synaptJc cleft width and thinning of the postsynaptJc density, and it significantly suppressed the down-regulation of intracellular calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression in the hippocampal CA3 region. Repeated electroacupuncture intervention had a cumulative analgesic effect on injury-induced neuropathic pain reactions, and it led to synaptic remodeling of hippocampal neurons and upregulated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kJnase II expression in the hippocampal CA3 region.

Searching for initial stage of massive star formation around the HⅡ region G18.2–0.3

Sometimes, early star formation can be found in cold and dense molecular clouds, such as an infrared dark cloud. Considering that star formation often occurs in clusters, H II regions may be triggering a new generation of star formation, so we can search for the initial stage of massive star formation around H II regions. Based on the above, this work introduces one method to search for the initial stage of massive star formation around H II regions. Towards one section of the H II region G18.2-0.3, multiwavelength observations are carried out to investigate its physical properties. Through analysis, we find three potential initial stages of massive star formation, suggesting that it is feasible to use in searching for the initial stage of massive star formation around H II regions.

Observation on the effect of acupoint stimulation on regional cerebral blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy technology

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebral blood oxygenation level using near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS）.Methods Quasi-randomized design（random test sequence） was used.In clinical trial ①,placebo acupuncture was applied at Baihui（百会GV 20） of18 adults.In clinical trial ②,54 adults were divided into three groups with 18 each in which acupuncture was applied at LU 6,SP 6 and ST 36 respectively.Before and after acupuncture,verbal fluency test（VFT） was performed and the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex was measured using NIRS.Quantized data was processed with JMP10.0.2 software and SPSS software.Results In clinical trial ①,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 10.8 mMcm·s and 9.2 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at GV 20 in placebo acupuncture group.There was no significant difference in the cerebral blood oxygenation level after acupuncture.In clinical trial ②,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygen level were18.1 mMcm·s and 8.6 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at LU 6 in[LU 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was significantly decreased after acupuncture（P = 0.001）.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 16.1 mMcm·s and 17.4 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at SP 6 in[SP 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly increased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 13.8 mMcnvs and 10.1 mMcnvs respectively before and after acupuncture at ST 36 in[ST 36]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly deceased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was decreased by acupuncture at LU 6,the cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was intended to decrease by acupuncture at ST 36.The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head is intended to increase by acupuncture at SP 6.

Tumor microenvironment-activated theranostic nanoreactor for NIR-II Photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor-specific photothermal therapy

Theranostic agents that can be sensitively and specifically activated by the tumor microenvironment(TME)have recently attracted considerable attention.In this study,TME-activatable 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)-copper peroxide(CuO_(2))@poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)@red blood cell membrane(RBCM)(TCPR)nanoparticles(NPs)for second near-infrared photoacoustic imaging-guided tumor-specific photothermal therapy were developed by co-loading CuO_(2)NPs and TMB into PLGA camouflaged by RBCMs.As an efficient H_(2)O_(2)supplier,once exposed to a proton-rich TME,CuO_(2)NPs can generate H_(2)O_(2)and Cu^(2+),which are further reduced to Cu^(+) by endogenous glutathione.Subsequently,the Cu^(+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction produces cytotoxic·OH to kill the cancer cells and induce TMB-mediated photoacoustic and photothermal effects.Combined with the RBCM modification-prolonged blood circulation,TCPR NPs display excellent specificity and efficiency in suppressing tumor growth,paving the way for more accurate,safe,and efficient cancer theranostics.

太子河流域水生态功能Ⅱ级区的划分

流域水生态功能Ⅱ级区是实施流域层面水生生物多样性保护的重要依据.以太子河流域为研究对象,开展分区指标筛选技术方法研究,通过指标的空间变异性、主导性及其与水生态因子相关性分析,从年均气温、年降水量、年蒸发量、高程、坡度、坡向和NDVI(归一化植被指数)等备选分区指标中筛选出适宜分区指标,在此基础上采用ISODATA(迭代自组织数据分析方法)非监督分类方法划分了太子河水生态功能Ⅱ级区.结果表明,高程和NDVI具有良好的空间敏感性、主导性以及与水生态因子的相关性,可以反映地貌和植被对太子河水生态系统的影响,是太子河流域水生态功能Ⅱ级区划分的适宜指标.采用上述指标可将太子河流域划分为3个水生态功能Ⅱ级区:①上游山地森林河流水生态亚区,平均海拔511 m,区内以浅水性鱼类和激流性大型底栖动物为主;②中游丘陵森林河流水生态亚区,平均海拔282 m,区内以溪流性鱼类和缓流性大型底栖动物为主;③下游平原农业河流水生态亚区,平均海拔65 m,区内多受人类活动干扰,以耐污性大型底栖动物为主,少见鱼类.

流域水生态功能Ⅲ级区划分技术

流域水生态功能Ⅲ级区划分的目的是反映水生态功能Ⅱ级区内水生态系统功能差异,识别区划单元的主导水生态功能类型,为制订水生态保护目标提供支撑.其划分方法:①确定划分流域的水生态功能备选类型;②选取典型的功能评价指标;③采用定量和半定量评价、功能等级划分、空间叠加、分区校验等方法,完成流域水生态功能Ⅲ级区划分.以太子河流域为例,先确定5个水生态功能类型(生物多样性维持功能、生境维持功能、水资源支持功能、营养物循环维持功能和社会承载功能),按照划分方法最终将太子河流域划分为17个水生态功能Ⅲ级区.水生态功能Ⅲ级区的划分应兼顾水体和陆地生态系统的功能要求,构建流域水生态管理模式的基础.

酿造食醋中碳、氧同位素比值的测定及应用研究

以酿造食醋为研究对象,建立元素分析/连续流-稳定同位素比质谱法(EA/Gas BenchⅡ-IRMS)测定食醋总碳、水中氧同位素比值(δ^(13)C和δ^(18)O)的方法。通过优化稀释倍数与进样体积,得到δ^(13)C值测定最佳条件为食醋稀释2倍,进样体积1.0μL;通过优化平衡时间和样品体积,得到δ^(18)O值测定时平衡时间为24 h,样品体积为500μL。结果表明,在最佳条件下,食品样品碳同位素比测定值标准偏差(SD)值均<0.30‰,氧的同位素比测定值的SD值均<0.10‰,表明该测定方法的稳定性较好。山西食醋总碳δ^(13)C值分布在-23.26‰^-20.80‰,水中氧的δ^(18)O值在-5.66‰^-4.49‰;镇江食醋总碳δ^(13)C值在-25.93‰^-20.70‰,水中氧的δ^(18)O值在-8.35‰^-5.61‰;结合碳氧同位素比值分析,可以将山西老陈醋、镇江香醋和镇江陈醋区分开(P<0.01)。