and FA for identifying pathological abnormalities in CSC. The characteristics of IA AF in CSC were attributable to the modification of melanin in the RPE. IR- AIM: To evaluate the correlation among changes in fundus a...and FA for identifying pathological abnormalities in CSC. The characteristics of IA AF in CSC were attributable to the modification of melanin in the RPE. IR- AIM: To evaluate the correlation among changes in fundus autofluorescence (AF) measured using infrared fundus AF (IR -AF) and short-wave length fundus AF (SW -AF) with changes in spectral -domain optical coherence tomography (SD -OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients with CSC were included. In addition to AF, patients were assessed by means of SD -OCT and FA. Abnormalities in images of IA -AF, SW -AF, FA were analyzed and correlated with the corresponding outer retinal alterations in SD-OCT findings. RESULTS: Eyes with abnormalities on either IR-AF or SW-AF were found in 256 eyes (58.18%), among them 256 eyes (100%) showed abnormal IR -AF, but SW-AF abnormalities were present only in 213 eyes (83.20%). The hypo-IR-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid, collapse of retinal pigment epithelium (APE) or detachment of APE with or without RPE leakage point in the corresponding area. The hyper -IR -AF corresponded to the area with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments and sub -sensory retinal deposits or focal melanogenesis under sensory retina. The hypo-SW-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid or atrophy of RPE. The hyper -SW -AF associated with sub -sensory retinal deposits, detachment of RPE and focal melanogenesis. CONCLUSION: IR-AF was more sensitive than SW-AF AF should be used as a common diagnostic tool for identifying pathological lesion in CSC.展开更多
Purpose:.To compare melanin-related near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIA; excitation 787 nm, emission> 800 nm) with lipofuscin-related fundus autofluorescence (FAF; excitation 488 nm, emission > 500 nm) in...Purpose:.To compare melanin-related near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIA; excitation 787 nm, emission> 800 nm) with lipofuscin-related fundus autofluorescence (FAF; excitation 488 nm, emission > 500 nm) in patients with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV). Methods: FAF, NIA, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography.(ICGA).were obtained using a confocal scanning laser Ophthalmoscope HRA2 (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2).in 18 eyes of 18 patients with ICNV. Results:.Eighteen eyes had classic CNV, and autofluorescence imaging showed hypoautofluorescence at the site of CNV..A well-defined hyperautofluorescent ring was detected surrounding the CNV in all 18 eyes with NIA imaging. In our sample,.the FAF patterns around the CNV were classified as normal (n=1,.5.56%), well-defined hyperautofluorescent ring (n=7,.38.89%), or ill-defined hyperautofluorescent ring (n=10, 55.56%). Conclusion:.The patterns of FAF and NIA indicated different involvement of lipofuscin and melanin in the pathophysiological process of ICNV. Compared to FAF imaging, NIA imaging appears to be a superior noninvasive method for in vivo visualization of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormalities in ICNV patients.展开更多
AIM: To study the various morphological patterns of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Indian population.METHODS: Totally 179 eyes of 104 patients wit...AIM: To study the various morphological patterns of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Indian population.METHODS: Totally 179 eyes of 104 patients with clinical diagnosis of AMD were recruited into the study. Autofluorescence images were captured using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and the patterns of FAF were classified.RESULTS: Of 179 eyes, 27 (15.08%) were early AMD, 58 (32.41%) were intermediate AMD, 94 eyes (52.51%) were late AMD. Of 94 eyes with late AMD, 79 (84.04%) were neovascular AMD and 15 (15.96%) were central geographic atrophy. In eyes with early and intermediate AMD, 9 patterns of FAF were noted. Six patterns (normal, minimal change, focal increased, patchy increased, linear, reticular) were similar to that in the published classification. Two patterns (lacelike and speckled) described in the published classification were not found. Three new patterns (focal hypo-fluorescence, patchy hypo-fluorescence, mixed focal hypo-fluorescence and hyper-fluorescence) were detected. In eyes with neovascular AMD, 6 morphological patterns of FAF were noted. Two patterns (mixed hypo-fluorescence and hyper-fluorescence, central hypo-fluorescence with hyper-fluorescent rim) were similar to that in published classification. Two patterns (normal, near normal or normal background fluorescence in the centre of hypo-fluorescent area) described in the published classification were not found. Four new patterns (minimal change, hypo-fluorescent patch, central hypo-fluorescence with surrounding reticular, bull’s eye) were recognized. In eye with central geographic atrophy 5 morphological patterns were noted and these were similar to that in published classification.CONCLUSION: Phenotypic differences in the pattern of FAF exist in the study population compared to existing classification systems.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the role of central green-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS:A consecutive series of 92 study eyes with diabetic retinopathy were included. Out of those, 51 dia...AIM:To evaluate the role of central green-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS:A consecutive series of 92 study eyes with diabetic retinopathy were included. Out of those, 51 diabetic eyes had DME and were compared to 41 diabetic eyes without DME. In all subjects, green-light FAF images were obtained, quantified and classified into various FAF patterns. Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were obtained for evaluation of Inner/Outer segment (IS/OS) layer integrity, measurements of central RPE-IS/OS layer thickness as well as classification of DME into various subtypes. ·RESULTS:Meancentralgreen-lightFAFintensityofeyes with DME (1.289 ±0.140)log did not significantly differ from diabetic patients without DME (1.317 ±0.137)log. Most classifiable FAF patterns were seen in patients with cystoid DME. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) of all study eyes with DME was (501.9±112.4)μm compared to (328.2±27.0)μm in diabetic patients without DME. Patients with DME had significantly more disrupted photoreceptor IS/OS layers than diabetic patients without DME (28/51 vs 5/41, P 【0.001). Mean RPE-IS/OS thickness of patients with DME (60.7±14.1)μm was significantly (P【0.001) lower than in diabetic eyes without DME (73.5 ±9.4)μm. Correlation analysis revealed non-significant correlations of green-light FAF intensity and OCT parameters in all subtypes of DME. ·CONCLUSION:Our results indicate a poor correlation of central green-light FAF intensity with CRT, IS/OS layer integrity or RPE-IS/OS layer thickness in diabetic patients with or without DME and its various subtypes. Thus, central green-light FAF is not suitable for detection of retinal thickening in DME.展开更多
I am Dr.Ke Yao,from Eye Center,the Second Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I write to present three cases with metastatic choroidal tumor using an ultra-wide-field scanning las...I am Dr.Ke Yao,from Eye Center,the Second Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I write to present three cases with metastatic choroidal tumor using an ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope.展开更多
AIM:To discuss and compare the fundus autofluorescence(FAF)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)in acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR).METHODS:Medical records of 100 cases of CSCR were reviewed.Acu...AIM:To discuss and compare the fundus autofluorescence(FAF)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)in acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR).METHODS:Medical records of 100 cases of CSCR were reviewed.Acute and chronic cases were evaluated according to the duration of decreased visual acuity,serous retinal detachment(RD)and focal leakage on fluorescein angiography(FA).Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Forty cases had acute and 60 cases had chronic CSCR.FAF showed focal hypo-autofluorescence in 34(85%)and iso-autofluorescence in 6(15%)of acute cases and hypo-autofluorescence in 51(85%),hyperautofluorescence in 6(10%)and iso-autofluorescence in3(5%)of chronic cases.OCT showed serous RD with distinct borders correlated with FAF findings(hypoautofluorescence)in all acute CSCR cases.In chronic CSCR group,OCT showed serous RD with indistinct borders correlated with FAF findings.The differences between the OCT and FAF findings of the two groups were significant(P=0.000).CONCLUSION:OCT and FAF findings can support the clinical observations in differential diagnosis of acute and chronic CSCR and help clinicians to evaluate retinal pigment epithelium,outer segments of photoreceptors and the components of serous RD.展开更多
Background:Fundus Autofluorescence(FAF)is a valuable imaging technique used to assess metabolic alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)associated with various age-related and disease-related changes.The pra...Background:Fundus Autofluorescence(FAF)is a valuable imaging technique used to assess metabolic alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)associated with various age-related and disease-related changes.The practical uses of FAF are ever-growing.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a generative deep learning(DL)model in translating color fundus(CF)images into synthetic FAF images and explore its potential for enhancing screening of age-related macular degeneration(AMD).Methods:A generative adversarial network(GAN)model was trained on pairs of CF and FAF images to generate synthetic FAF images.The quality of synthesized FAF images was assessed objectively by common generation metrics.Additionally,the clinical effectiveness of the generated FAF images in AMD classification was evaluated by measuring the area under the curve(AUC),using the LabelMe dataset.Results:A total of 8410 FAF images from 2586 patients were analyzed.The synthesized FAF images exhibited an impressive objectively assessed quality,achieving a multi-scale structural similarity index(MS-SSIM)of 0.67.When evaluated on the LabelMe dataset,the combination of generated FAF images and CF images resulted in a noteworthy improvement in AMD classification accuracy,with the AUC increasing from 0.931 to 0.968.Conclusions:This study presents the first attempt to use a generative deep learning model to create authentic and high-quality FAF images from CF images.The incorporation of the translated FAF images on top of CF images improved the accuracy of AMD classification.Overall,this study presents a promising approach to enhance largescale AMD screening.展开更多
Fluorescence imaging is capable of acquiring anatomical and functional infor- mation with high spatial and temporal resolution. This imaging technique has been indispensable in biological research and disease detectio...Fluorescence imaging is capable of acquiring anatomical and functional infor- mation with high spatial and temporal resolution. This imaging technique has been indispensable in biological research and disease detection/diagnosis. Imaging in the visible and to a lesser degree, in the near-infrared (NIR) regions below 900 nm, suffers from autofluorescence arising from endogenous fluorescent molecules in biological tissues. This autofluorescence interferes with fluorescent molecules of interest, causing a high background and low detection sensitivity. Here, we report that fluorescence imaging in the 1,500-1,700-nm region (termed "NIR-IIb") under 808-nm excitation results in nearly zero tissue autofluorescence, allowing for background-free imaging of fluorescent species in otherwise notoriously autofluorescent biological tissues, including liver. Imaging of the intrinsic fluorescence of individual fluorophores, such as a single carbon nanotube, can be readily achieved with high sensitivity and without autofluorescence background in mouse liver within the 1,500-1,700-nm wavelength region.展开更多
Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. DME shows a variety of clinical characteristics with unpredictable results to treatment. Th...Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. DME shows a variety of clinical characteristics with unpredictable results to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in DME, which is a rapid, noninvasive technique for fundus diseases. Methods A total of 18 patients (30 eyes) with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) were enrolled. FAF imaging was performed with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Other ophthalmic examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), MP-1 microperimetry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Main outcome measurements included BCVA, macular sensitivity (MS), central retinal thickness (CRT), central retinal volume (CRV), the integrity of the inner segment-outer segment junction (IS/OS), and the integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM). Results Among the 30 eyes, four eyes (13.3%) had normal foveal FAF and 26 eyes (86.7%) had abnormal FAF. Abnormal FAF was mainly divided into three types: cystoid increased FAF (iFAF) 16 eyes (53.3%), spot iFAF six eyes (20%), irregular decreased FAF (dFAF) four eyes (13.3%). According to the FAF morphology, patients were categorized into four groups: normal, cystoid iFAF, spot iFAF, and irregular dFAE There was a significant difference in BCVA (P 〈0.001) and MS (P 〈0.05) among the four groups. The visual function of patients with spot iFAF and irregular dFAF was relatively poor. However, there was no difference in CRT (P=-0.186) and CRV (P=0.191) among the four groups. In the normal FAF group, the photoreceptor layers were mostly intact. Regarding the cystoid iFAF group, the photoreceptor layers were relatively intact, while in the other two groups, IS/OS and ELM were disrupted in most patients. No one had intact IS/OS or ELM layer. Conclusions FAF might reflect the damage of the retina and had a relationship with visual function as well as photoreceptor integrity, which gives new insight into the evaluation of DME. Dynamic FAF monitoring helps to better evaluate the disease progression of DME as well as visual function.展开更多
Background Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a fast and noninvasive technique developed over the last decade.The authors utilized fluorescent properties of lipofuscin to study the health and viability of the ...Background Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a fast and noninvasive technique developed over the last decade.The authors utilized fluorescent properties of lipofuscin to study the health and viability of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photoreceptor complex.Observing the intensity and distribution of FAF of various retinal diseases is helpful for ascertaining diagnosis and evaluating prognosis.In this study,we described the FAF characteristics of cystoid macular edema (CME).Methods Sixty-two patients (70 eyes) with CME were subjected to FAF and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2)).Characteristics of FAF images were compared with FFA images.Results FAF intensity in normal subjects was highest at the posterior pole and dipped at the fovea.All cases of CME showed fluorescein dye accumulated into honeycomb-like spaces in macular and formated a typical petaloid pattern or atypical petaloid pattern in the late phases of the angiography.Sixty-one eyes with CME on FAF images showed mild or moderate hyperautofluorescence petaloid pattern in fovea,the FAF patterns of these CME was perfectly corresponding with shape in their FFA images;nine eyes with CME secondary to exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD) showed expansion of the hypoautofluorescence without petaloid pattern in macula.Conclusion FAF imaging can be used as a new rapid,non-invasive and ancillary technique in the diagnosis of the majority of CME,except for AMD and small part of other fundus diseases.展开更多
This letter shows that the human eye fundus tissue has higher reflectivity at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, and that some aberrations exist at the pre-optical system from cornea to vitreous. We design a NIR fu...This letter shows that the human eye fundus tissue has higher reflectivity at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, and that some aberrations exist at the pre-optical system from cornea to vitreous. We design a NIR fundus camera with inner focusing, which can be applied to the -10 D to 10 D range of vision and has the advantage of ensuring the stability of image when is focused. Considered as Liou's eye aberration model, we correct the integrated aberration to ensure a 100 lp/mm resolution when we complete the assembly and calibration of the fundus camera. Kohler illumination is also applied to obtain uniform fundus illumination. Moreover, we put forward a novel method for stray light elimination based on polarization switch, which inhibits ghost image formation near the focal plane when the illumination beam is reflected by the eyepiece surface. The result shows that this method is effective in ensuring an illumination uniformity of 80%, with the advantage of simple structure and easy assembly.展开更多
文摘and FA for identifying pathological abnormalities in CSC. The characteristics of IA AF in CSC were attributable to the modification of melanin in the RPE. IR- AIM: To evaluate the correlation among changes in fundus autofluorescence (AF) measured using infrared fundus AF (IR -AF) and short-wave length fundus AF (SW -AF) with changes in spectral -domain optical coherence tomography (SD -OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty consecutive patients with CSC were included. In addition to AF, patients were assessed by means of SD -OCT and FA. Abnormalities in images of IA -AF, SW -AF, FA were analyzed and correlated with the corresponding outer retinal alterations in SD-OCT findings. RESULTS: Eyes with abnormalities on either IR-AF or SW-AF were found in 256 eyes (58.18%), among them 256 eyes (100%) showed abnormal IR -AF, but SW-AF abnormalities were present only in 213 eyes (83.20%). The hypo-IR-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid, collapse of retinal pigment epithelium (APE) or detachment of APE with or without RPE leakage point in the corresponding area. The hyper -IR -AF corresponded to the area with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments and sub -sensory retinal deposits or focal melanogenesis under sensory retina. The hypo-SW-AF corresponded to accumulation of subretinal liquid or atrophy of RPE. The hyper -SW -AF associated with sub -sensory retinal deposits, detachment of RPE and focal melanogenesis. CONCLUSION: IR-AF was more sensitive than SW-AF AF should be used as a common diagnostic tool for identifying pathological lesion in CSC.
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Support Project of Gansu Province(No.090NKCA093)
文摘Purpose:.To compare melanin-related near-infrared fundus autofluorescence (NIA; excitation 787 nm, emission> 800 nm) with lipofuscin-related fundus autofluorescence (FAF; excitation 488 nm, emission > 500 nm) in patients with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (ICNV). Methods: FAF, NIA, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography.(ICGA).were obtained using a confocal scanning laser Ophthalmoscope HRA2 (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2).in 18 eyes of 18 patients with ICNV. Results:.Eighteen eyes had classic CNV, and autofluorescence imaging showed hypoautofluorescence at the site of CNV..A well-defined hyperautofluorescent ring was detected surrounding the CNV in all 18 eyes with NIA imaging. In our sample,.the FAF patterns around the CNV were classified as normal (n=1,.5.56%), well-defined hyperautofluorescent ring (n=7,.38.89%), or ill-defined hyperautofluorescent ring (n=10, 55.56%). Conclusion:.The patterns of FAF and NIA indicated different involvement of lipofuscin and melanin in the pathophysiological process of ICNV. Compared to FAF imaging, NIA imaging appears to be a superior noninvasive method for in vivo visualization of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) abnormalities in ICNV patients.
文摘AIM: To study the various morphological patterns of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Indian population.METHODS: Totally 179 eyes of 104 patients with clinical diagnosis of AMD were recruited into the study. Autofluorescence images were captured using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and the patterns of FAF were classified.RESULTS: Of 179 eyes, 27 (15.08%) were early AMD, 58 (32.41%) were intermediate AMD, 94 eyes (52.51%) were late AMD. Of 94 eyes with late AMD, 79 (84.04%) were neovascular AMD and 15 (15.96%) were central geographic atrophy. In eyes with early and intermediate AMD, 9 patterns of FAF were noted. Six patterns (normal, minimal change, focal increased, patchy increased, linear, reticular) were similar to that in the published classification. Two patterns (lacelike and speckled) described in the published classification were not found. Three new patterns (focal hypo-fluorescence, patchy hypo-fluorescence, mixed focal hypo-fluorescence and hyper-fluorescence) were detected. In eyes with neovascular AMD, 6 morphological patterns of FAF were noted. Two patterns (mixed hypo-fluorescence and hyper-fluorescence, central hypo-fluorescence with hyper-fluorescent rim) were similar to that in published classification. Two patterns (normal, near normal or normal background fluorescence in the centre of hypo-fluorescent area) described in the published classification were not found. Four new patterns (minimal change, hypo-fluorescent patch, central hypo-fluorescence with surrounding reticular, bull’s eye) were recognized. In eye with central geographic atrophy 5 morphological patterns were noted and these were similar to that in published classification.CONCLUSION: Phenotypic differences in the pattern of FAF exist in the study population compared to existing classification systems.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the role of central green-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS:A consecutive series of 92 study eyes with diabetic retinopathy were included. Out of those, 51 diabetic eyes had DME and were compared to 41 diabetic eyes without DME. In all subjects, green-light FAF images were obtained, quantified and classified into various FAF patterns. Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were obtained for evaluation of Inner/Outer segment (IS/OS) layer integrity, measurements of central RPE-IS/OS layer thickness as well as classification of DME into various subtypes. ·RESULTS:Meancentralgreen-lightFAFintensityofeyes with DME (1.289 ±0.140)log did not significantly differ from diabetic patients without DME (1.317 ±0.137)log. Most classifiable FAF patterns were seen in patients with cystoid DME. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) of all study eyes with DME was (501.9±112.4)μm compared to (328.2±27.0)μm in diabetic patients without DME. Patients with DME had significantly more disrupted photoreceptor IS/OS layers than diabetic patients without DME (28/51 vs 5/41, P 【0.001). Mean RPE-IS/OS thickness of patients with DME (60.7±14.1)μm was significantly (P【0.001) lower than in diabetic eyes without DME (73.5 ±9.4)μm. Correlation analysis revealed non-significant correlations of green-light FAF intensity and OCT parameters in all subtypes of DME. ·CONCLUSION:Our results indicate a poor correlation of central green-light FAF intensity with CRT, IS/OS layer integrity or RPE-IS/OS layer thickness in diabetic patients with or without DME and its various subtypes. Thus, central green-light FAF is not suitable for detection of retinal thickening in DME.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation Project of China (No.LY18H120001)
文摘I am Dr.Ke Yao,from Eye Center,the Second Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I write to present three cases with metastatic choroidal tumor using an ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
文摘AIM:To discuss and compare the fundus autofluorescence(FAF)and optical coherence tomography(OCT)in acute or chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR).METHODS:Medical records of 100 cases of CSCR were reviewed.Acute and chronic cases were evaluated according to the duration of decreased visual acuity,serous retinal detachment(RD)and focal leakage on fluorescein angiography(FA).Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Forty cases had acute and 60 cases had chronic CSCR.FAF showed focal hypo-autofluorescence in 34(85%)and iso-autofluorescence in 6(15%)of acute cases and hypo-autofluorescence in 51(85%),hyperautofluorescence in 6(10%)and iso-autofluorescence in3(5%)of chronic cases.OCT showed serous RD with distinct borders correlated with FAF findings(hypoautofluorescence)in all acute CSCR cases.In chronic CSCR group,OCT showed serous RD with indistinct borders correlated with FAF findings.The differences between the OCT and FAF findings of the two groups were significant(P=0.000).CONCLUSION:OCT and FAF findings can support the clinical observations in differential diagnosis of acute and chronic CSCR and help clinicians to evaluate retinal pigment epithelium,outer segments of photoreceptors and the components of serous RD.
基金This research received support from the Global STEM Professorship Scheme(P0046113).
文摘Background:Fundus Autofluorescence(FAF)is a valuable imaging technique used to assess metabolic alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)associated with various age-related and disease-related changes.The practical uses of FAF are ever-growing.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a generative deep learning(DL)model in translating color fundus(CF)images into synthetic FAF images and explore its potential for enhancing screening of age-related macular degeneration(AMD).Methods:A generative adversarial network(GAN)model was trained on pairs of CF and FAF images to generate synthetic FAF images.The quality of synthesized FAF images was assessed objectively by common generation metrics.Additionally,the clinical effectiveness of the generated FAF images in AMD classification was evaluated by measuring the area under the curve(AUC),using the LabelMe dataset.Results:A total of 8410 FAF images from 2586 patients were analyzed.The synthesized FAF images exhibited an impressive objectively assessed quality,achieving a multi-scale structural similarity index(MS-SSIM)of 0.67.When evaluated on the LabelMe dataset,the combination of generated FAF images and CF images resulted in a noteworthy improvement in AMD classification accuracy,with the AUC increasing from 0.931 to 0.968.Conclusions:This study presents the first attempt to use a generative deep learning model to create authentic and high-quality FAF images from CF images.The incorporation of the translated FAF images on top of CF images improved the accuracy of AMD classification.Overall,this study presents a promising approach to enhance largescale AMD screening.
文摘Fluorescence imaging is capable of acquiring anatomical and functional infor- mation with high spatial and temporal resolution. This imaging technique has been indispensable in biological research and disease detection/diagnosis. Imaging in the visible and to a lesser degree, in the near-infrared (NIR) regions below 900 nm, suffers from autofluorescence arising from endogenous fluorescent molecules in biological tissues. This autofluorescence interferes with fluorescent molecules of interest, causing a high background and low detection sensitivity. Here, we report that fluorescence imaging in the 1,500-1,700-nm region (termed "NIR-IIb") under 808-nm excitation results in nearly zero tissue autofluorescence, allowing for background-free imaging of fluorescent species in otherwise notoriously autofluorescent biological tissues, including liver. Imaging of the intrinsic fluorescence of individual fluorophores, such as a single carbon nanotube, can be readily achieved with high sensitivity and without autofluorescence background in mouse liver within the 1,500-1,700-nm wavelength region.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project during the Twelfth Five- Year Plan Program (No. 2011ZX09302-007-02), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81273424, 81170862), Major Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2011CB707506), and Shanghai Guide Fund for Medical Projects (No. 12411%9600).
文摘Background Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the major causes of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. DME shows a variety of clinical characteristics with unpredictable results to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in DME, which is a rapid, noninvasive technique for fundus diseases. Methods A total of 18 patients (30 eyes) with clinically significant macular edema (CSME) were enrolled. FAF imaging was performed with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Other ophthalmic examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), MP-1 microperimetry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Main outcome measurements included BCVA, macular sensitivity (MS), central retinal thickness (CRT), central retinal volume (CRV), the integrity of the inner segment-outer segment junction (IS/OS), and the integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM). Results Among the 30 eyes, four eyes (13.3%) had normal foveal FAF and 26 eyes (86.7%) had abnormal FAF. Abnormal FAF was mainly divided into three types: cystoid increased FAF (iFAF) 16 eyes (53.3%), spot iFAF six eyes (20%), irregular decreased FAF (dFAF) four eyes (13.3%). According to the FAF morphology, patients were categorized into four groups: normal, cystoid iFAF, spot iFAF, and irregular dFAE There was a significant difference in BCVA (P 〈0.001) and MS (P 〈0.05) among the four groups. The visual function of patients with spot iFAF and irregular dFAF was relatively poor. However, there was no difference in CRT (P=-0.186) and CRV (P=0.191) among the four groups. In the normal FAF group, the photoreceptor layers were mostly intact. Regarding the cystoid iFAF group, the photoreceptor layers were relatively intact, while in the other two groups, IS/OS and ELM were disrupted in most patients. No one had intact IS/OS or ELM layer. Conclusions FAF might reflect the damage of the retina and had a relationship with visual function as well as photoreceptor integrity, which gives new insight into the evaluation of DME. Dynamic FAF monitoring helps to better evaluate the disease progression of DME as well as visual function.
文摘Background Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a fast and noninvasive technique developed over the last decade.The authors utilized fluorescent properties of lipofuscin to study the health and viability of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photoreceptor complex.Observing the intensity and distribution of FAF of various retinal diseases is helpful for ascertaining diagnosis and evaluating prognosis.In this study,we described the FAF characteristics of cystoid macular edema (CME).Methods Sixty-two patients (70 eyes) with CME were subjected to FAF and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) by a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2)).Characteristics of FAF images were compared with FFA images.Results FAF intensity in normal subjects was highest at the posterior pole and dipped at the fovea.All cases of CME showed fluorescein dye accumulated into honeycomb-like spaces in macular and formated a typical petaloid pattern or atypical petaloid pattern in the late phases of the angiography.Sixty-one eyes with CME on FAF images showed mild or moderate hyperautofluorescence petaloid pattern in fovea,the FAF patterns of these CME was perfectly corresponding with shape in their FFA images;nine eyes with CME secondary to exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD) showed expansion of the hypoautofluorescence without petaloid pattern in macula.Conclusion FAF imaging can be used as a new rapid,non-invasive and ancillary technique in the diagnosis of the majority of CME,except for AMD and small part of other fundus diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60977008and60678048)the National Ministry Education Fund for Doctoral of China(No.20103219110014)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory Fund(No.2008DP173445)
文摘This letter shows that the human eye fundus tissue has higher reflectivity at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, and that some aberrations exist at the pre-optical system from cornea to vitreous. We design a NIR fundus camera with inner focusing, which can be applied to the -10 D to 10 D range of vision and has the advantage of ensuring the stability of image when is focused. Considered as Liou's eye aberration model, we correct the integrated aberration to ensure a 100 lp/mm resolution when we complete the assembly and calibration of the fundus camera. Kohler illumination is also applied to obtain uniform fundus illumination. Moreover, we put forward a novel method for stray light elimination based on polarization switch, which inhibits ghost image formation near the focal plane when the illumination beam is reflected by the eyepiece surface. The result shows that this method is effective in ensuring an illumination uniformity of 80%, with the advantage of simple structure and easy assembly.