ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ANIMALS IN BROAD-LEAVED PINE FORESTS IN SOUTHERN SLOPE OF XIAO HINGGAN MOUNTAINS

This paper studied the soil animals of four type forests of broad leaved pine forests in the southern slope of the Xiao Hinggan Mountains. The samples were extracted from four forest types in every first week of June, August, October, and every forest type was chosen out three plots. Since there are different soil animals in different depths, every plot was divided into four partitions with the same vertical distance: litter, 0－ 10 cm, 10－ 20 cm, 20－ 30 cm. Using hand sorting out large soil animals, Tullgren method (to middle and small soil animals) and Baermann method (to moist soil animals) to collect soil animals. Among the four type forests, insecta has the largest amount of groups of 54. Oribatida has the most number of individual, which is 1547, occupying 21.73 percent of total collectings. There are 81 groups of soil animals, totalling 7118 belonging to 8 Class 24 Order 57 Family, in which there are 54 groups of big sized soil animals totalling 2370, 41 groups of middle and small sized soil animals totalling 4808. Among all the soil animals,their dominant group is 3 ones, usual growp is 14 ones, and rare group is 64 ones. The results show that among the four type forests, the groups of soil animal in Tilia pine forest are much more than the others, with the highest variety index, and the individual number of the soil animals is also very large. The numbers of group and individual in Picea Abies Pine forest are both small.Among the four forest types, the soil animals in Tilia pine forest are most similar to Betula costata pine forest. There is so little similarity between the soil animals in Picea Abies pine forest and in the other three forest types.

Effect of organophosphorus pesticide pollution on soil animals

This paper studied the change in soil animal community in contaminated and irrigated area by organophosphorus pesticide waste water and its mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the species and quantities of soil animals decreased with organophosphorus pesticide pollution degree increasing. The species of soil animals decreased with average and rare population mainly decreasing, while the amount change was associated with that of the dominant population of Acarina, Collembola and Nematoda. Toxicity experiment demonstrated that the respiration intensity of soil animal was restrained obviously by pesticide pollution. After observation of SEM, the effect of pesticide pollution on the earthworm (\%Pheretima robusta)\% stomach intestinal mucosa damage has been observed, which showed the pesticide contamination may damage the earthworms bodies. Ulcerous focus and perforation on stomach mucosa were usually seen. The stomach microvilli appeared atrophic and disordered especially in the bodies of these earthworms growing in seriously polluted soil, bad atrophic phenomena were seen not only on the stomach mucosa microvilli but also on the cilia of the intestinal mucosa which appeared swollen as a spheroid. Under TEM, RER and Golgi compound dilatation, chondrisome swell and ridge disappearance were observed on cells of stomach epithelium mucosa of \%P.robusta\% collected from heavy polluted area. By calculation, the safety concentration of earthworm in methamidophos pesticide is 0\^2517 ml/L.

Soil animals and nitrogen mineralization under sand-fixation plantations in Zhanggutai region,China

The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals·m^(-2). There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), 3.68 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1) and 4.16 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was: middle-age forest without grazing < middle-age forest with grazing < near-mature forest with grazing (P<0.05). Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.

ECOLOGICAL SERIES OF SOIL ANIMALS IN DARLIDAI MOUNTAIN

The ecological series of soil animals under the broad-leaved and pine mix ed forest in Darlidai Mountain was studied.Seven sample plots were selected according to different altitude gradients,which belong to dif ferent vegeta-tion types.By investigating and analyzing soil animals in every sample p lot it is found that there are 45group s and 1956individuals,which are involved in 3phylums,7classes,16orders,respectively.The altitude is a key factor which af-fects ecological series of soil anim als.Both the groups and individuals of soil animals increase with altitu de increasing under certain conditions,which con trastes with ordinary cases,resulting from special micro-climate in studied area.The groups and individuls of soil animals are the most under the broad-leaved and pine forest on the top of the mount ain,and the least under Picea-Abies forest in the foot of the mountain.

Studies on the diversity of soil animals in Taishan Mountain

Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were selected and the diversity of soil animals in different habitats in Mt. Taishan were investigated and studied in 1997–1999. Totally 52 groups of soil animals were found, belonging separately to 7 Phyla, 11 Classes, 25 Orders and 28 suborders or families. There exists remarkable difference in groups, quantity and diversity of soil animals among the five habitats. Grassland habitat was the highest andPinus densiflora forest was the lowest in groups, quantities, Density-group index (DG) and Diversity index of comparing many communities (DIC) of soil animals. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H′) for soil animals of different habitats was in order ofPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pielou’s equality index (J′) wasPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Grassland>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and Simposn’s dominant index (C) was Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Platycladus orientalis forest. The H index and J index of macro-soil animal all were larger than that of mid-small soil animal. Clustering analysis for five soil animal communities and ordination analysis for community structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS) were made and completely identical results were obtained. Soil animal communities of five habitats were divided into 3 groups.

Spatial-temporal variations in near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River during the period 2002–2011 based on the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System(AMSR-E) data

Detecting near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in high-altitude cold regions is important for understanding the Earth＇s surface system, but such studies are rare. In this study, we detected the spatial-temporal variations in near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in the source region of the Yellow River（SRYR） during the period 2002–2011 based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System（AMSR-E）. Moreover, the trends of onset dates and durations of the soil freeze-thaw cycles under different stages were also analyzed. Results showed that the thresholds of daytime and nighttime brightness temperatures of the freeze-thaw algorithm for the SRYR were 257.59 and 261.28 K, respectively. At the spatial scale, the daily frozen surface（DFS） area and the daily surface freeze-thaw cycle surface（DFTS） area decreased by 0.08% and 0.25%, respectively, and the daily thawed surface（DTS） area increased by 0.36%. At the temporal scale, the dates of the onset of thawing and complete thawing advanced by 3.10（±1.4） and 2.46（±1.4） days, respectively; and the dates of the onset of freezing and complete freezing were delayed by 0.9（±1.4） and 1.6（±1.1） days, respectively. The duration of thawing increased by 0.72（±0.21） day/a and the duration of freezing decreased by 0.52（±0.26） day/a. In conclusion, increases in the annual minimum temperature and winter air temperature are the main factors for the advanced thawing and delayed freezing and for the increase in the duration of thawing and the decrease in the duration of freezing in the SRYR.

Ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal in mountainous districts of the eastern China

In this paper ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal i n mountainous districts of the eastern China was analyzed, and results show that soil fauna was very rich in diversified forest habitat, moreover, as times and spaces varied, their compositions and abundance changed obviously too. Forest so il animal decreased gradually in taxa and individual number from the tropics to cold-temperature zone, and they are higher in zonal forest habitat than in other ones on the same mountain. Forest soil animal also got gradually less with incr easing of depth in soil layer, and distributed principally in surface layer. The activities of human had strong affection on faunal composition and diversity of soil animal. On the tropics and subtropics mountains, forest soil animal are le ss in spring-summer than in autumn-winter, whereas they are more in summer-autum n than in winter-spring from warm-temperate zone to cold-temperate zone.

Composition and ecological distribution of forest soil animalin Confucian graveyard of Qufu

Soil animal communities of Secondary forest,Platycladus forest andQuercus acutissima forest in Confucian graveyard of Qufu were investigated. 3583 specimens were collected, belonging separately to 5 Phylums, 11 Classes and 23 Orders. Two dominant groups and 9 common groups account for 94.45% of the total numbers. The soil animals in these three forest habitats differ in composition, ecological distribution and important indices. The dominant groups of soil animals in the three forests were the same, but other groups differ more greatly. Diversity index (H′) and evenness index (E) of soil animal in Secondary forest are the highest, and yet dominance index (C) inQuercus acutissima forest is the highest. Most soil animals in each forest habitats congregate to the surface soil layer. Their sorts and individual numbers are all layer I>II>III. It is very similar for composition of soil animals in the three forests.

Optimization of Specific Draft Requirement and Hitch Length for an Animal Drawn Sub-Soiler: A Case of Sandy Clay Loam Soils

This study aimed at optimizing tillage depth and hitching length for optimal draft requirement in sandy clay loam soils for animal drawn subsoiler. Field experiments were conducted to collect draft datasets using the MSI 7300 digital dynamometer communicating remotely with MSI-8000 RF data logger connected to a laptop through the serial port. To determine the numeric values of soil parameters pertinent to subsoiling, field experiments, laboratory tests and numerical analysis techniques were employed. For a specified speed, a combination of three hitch lengths of 2.5 m, 3.0 m and 3.5 m and three depths from 0 cm to 30 cm with a range of 10 cm interval was used. Soil bulk density was found to vary between 1.52 to 1.37 g/cm3 and 1.44 to 1.67 g/cm3 for Machakos and Kitui experimental plots respectively. Soil moisture content increased with an increase in depth ranging from 3.53% to 9.94% for Machakos site and from 4.15% to 9.61% for Kitui site. Soil shear strength parameters ranged between 21.71 and 29.6 kPa between depths of 0 - 20 cm and decreased to 28.07 kPa for depths beyond 20 cm at Machakos experimental plot;while for Kitui experimental plot, it ranged between 30.02 and 39.29 kPa between depths of 0 - 30 cm. A second-order quadratic expression of the form y = ax2 + bx + c was obtained for the relationship between specific draft and depth at given hitching length as well as specific draft against hitching length at a given depth. The optimal hitching length and tillage depth for Machakos experimental plot were obtained as 2.9 m (~3 m) and 16.5 cm respectively. In Kitui experimental site, the optimal hitching length was obtained as 2.9 m (~3 m) and the optimal tillage depth was 15.4 cm.

Impact of agricultural intensification on soil organic carbon＂ A study using DNDC in Huantai County, Shandong Province, China

Using the biogeochemical model den itrification/decomposition （DN DC）, the dynamic changes of soil organic carbon （SOC） of farmland from the 1980s to 2030s were investigated in Huantai County, a typical intensive agricultural region in the Huang- Huai-Hai Plain of China. Prior to modelling, validation of the DNDC model against field data sets of SOC from Quzhou Experimental Station in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was conducted at the site scale. We compared the simulated results with the observed SOC in Huantai County during 1982-2011 under two different classification methods of simulation unit （the first method integrated soil type and land use of Huantai County to form the overlapped modeling units; the second selected the 11 administrative towns as the modeling units）, and achieved a high accuracy in the model simulation with the improvement of the model parameters. Regional SOC （0-20 cm） density and stocks for Huantai County in the years 2012-2031 were predicted under different scenarios of farming management. Compared with current management practices, optimized fertilization （20% decrease of mineral N）, crop straw incorporation （90%） and appropriate animal manure input （40 kg N ha-1 yr-1） could achieve the highest level of SOC density （56.8% higher than 2011） in the period of 2012-2031. The research highlighted the importance of crop straw incorporation, optimized N fertilization and integration of crop production with ani- mal husbandry on the farmland carbon sequestration for maintaining a high land productivity in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.

Dynamics of Soil Fauna in Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

The dynamics of soil animals was studied in seven representative forest communities in the north of the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China. The results indicate that it was distinctive in the changes of the numbers of soil animals and groups and diversity in relationship with seasons for macrofauna and meso-micro fauna in the study area. The numbers of the observed soil animals in different months were: October>August>June. Group number was larger in August and October, but smaller in June. The change of diversity index in different months was: August>June>Oc- tober. The biomass for macrofauna in different months was: October>June>August. The composition and number of each functional group was relatively stable. In the community of the predominant soil environment, the percentage of saprophagous animals was higher than carnivorous animals and herbivorous animals. The dynamics changes of sapro- phagous and carnivorous animals were distinctive, increasing from June to October, while the change of herbivorous animals was unremarkable.

EFFECTS OF SOIL FAUNA ON LITTER DECOMPOSITION

Forest l itter is the physical makeu p part of forest ecosystem．The rate o f decompositi on of forest litter is low in temperate and cool temperate zones．There is impor tant signific ance to search and utilize the functi on of soil animals，in order to probe the material circulation and energy flow in forest ecosystem．We selec ted three kin ds of mesh bag with different mesh size，in which，large pore mesh bag is large enough to permit the activities of all kinds of soil animals，medi um mesh bag is designed to exclude the function of soil macrofauna，while small mesh bag is small enough to exclude the effects o f any kind of soil animals as far as possible．The decomposition time is thr ee years．The studying results sh ow that：the decomposing speed of the bags with big meshes，under functions of a ll kinds of soil animals，faster than the bags with medium meshes，under functio ns of medium and small soil animals，as well as the bags with small meshes that exc luding all possibility of functions of soil animals；in the process of dec o mposition of litter，relationship of the litte r lost weight with number of soil anim als is not obvious clearly；the degre e of functions of soil animals to so ft litter higher than hard litter；according to the an alysis of diversity index ，no regula r changes will happen to the diversity of soil anima ls as the time of decomposing samples lengthen．

Deforestation effects on biological and other important soil properties in an upland watershed of Bangladesh

Deforestation occurs at an alarming rate in upland watersheds of Bangladesh and has many detrimental effects on the environment. This study reports the effects of deforestation on soil biological proper- ties along with some important physicochemical parameters of a southern upland watershed in.Bangladesh. Soils were sampled at 4 paired sites, each pair representing a deforested site and a forested site, and having similar topographical characteristics. Significantly fewer （p〈0.001） fungi and bacteria, and lower microbial respiration, active microbial biomass, metabolic and microbial quotients were found in soils of the deforested sites. Soil physical properties such as moisture content, water holding capacity, and chemical properties such as organic matter, total N, avail- able P and EC were also lower in deforested soils. Bulk density and pH were significantly higher in deforested soils. Available Ca and Mg were inconsistent between the two land uses at all the paired sites. Re- duced abundance and＇biomass of soil mesofauna were recorded in defor- ested soils. However, soil anecic species were more abundant in defor- ested soils than epigeic and endogeic species, which were more abundant in forested soils than on deforested sites.

Selenium Concentrations in Southeastern Missouri Soils and Its Impact on Livestock Nutrition

Selenium is a trace element in animal nutrition provided through forage. Vegetation should accumulate adequate levels to meet this livestock requirement. This study assessed southeastern Missouri soils for their selenium concentrations. Multiple sites across southeastern Missouri were sampled, from which a total of twenty-six soils were collected. Parent materials ranged from coarse to fine-textured alluvium and terrace deposits, colluvium, loess, limestone residuum and rhyolite residuum from poor to well-drained soils. The mean whole soil selenium contents ranged from less than 0.1 mg Se kg-1 for the Kaintuck pedons to 1.0, 2.2, and 2.4 mg Se kg-1 for the Irondale, Killarney, and Frenchmill pedons. For individual soils, Menfro pedons were deep, well-drained soils developed in loess. Paired Menfro pedons having similar soil morphology and having A-E-BE-Bt-C horizon sequences were selected and the greatest selenium concentrations were in the argillic horizons. Soils having fine textures (clayey) had moderate selenium concentrations, whereas soils having coarse textures (sandy) revealed minimal selenium concentrations. A wide soil selenium concentration variation was shown;however, no toxic selenium levels were measured. Therefore, soil selenium toxicity is not a regional issue. Noting that soil selenium concentrations in medium to fine-textured soils are appropriate for providing selenium to livestock, the need to artificially soil incorporate selenium or add selenium into the livestock ration remains critical for coarse-textured soils.

民勤县石羊河湿地公园春季土壤动物群落特征

2023年3-5月,对甘肃民勤石羊河公园4个功能区5个植被型组7个不同植物群系的土壤动物群落特征进行了调查。结果表明:共收集到土壤动物46个类群1488头,隶属于3门5纲13目25科。中小型土壤动物和大型土壤动物分别占97.38%和2.62%,线虫在群落结构中占绝对优势。中小型土壤动物中的优势类群为头叶属、真头叶属、臭蚁属;占总捕获量的48.58%;常见类群为丽突属、拟丽突属、短体属、鞘属、半懒甲螨属等16个类群,占总捕获量的47.13%;稀有类群有椎实螺属、耳萝卜螺属、两坑螺属、虹蛹螺属、逍遥蛛属等14个类群,占总捕获量的4.29%。大型土壤动物主要为拟步甲科和叩甲科,其中优势类群为琵琶甲属、蒙小鳖甲和尖尾东鳌甲,均为荒漠草原沙地种类。沙枣群系和油蒿群系土壤动物的个体数、类群数、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于其他植物群系,优势度指数则较低。7个植物群系的土壤动物群落结构的相似性为中等不相似和极不相似。沙枣群系、白刺群系、多枝柽柳群系的土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,而油蒿群系、芨芨草群系和芦苇群系中的土壤动物垂直分布具有异质性。

黄土高原土壤有机碳库对植被恢复的响应及其影响因素研究进展

[目的]揭示土壤碳库对植被恢复的响应特征和机理,为我国“生态系统碳中和”提供科学指导,助力实现国家“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。[方法]基于国内外有关黄土高原植被恢复固碳效应的文章,对土壤碳库地区差异、碳储量驱动因素、植被固碳机制进行了归纳分析。[结果](1)土壤碳储量的主要影响因素包括植被特征(恢复年限、凋落物输入和根系分泌物)、气候变化(降水和温度)、土壤性质(土壤生物和土壤氮输入)等。(2)黄土高原植被固碳效应存在明显的地区差异,植被恢复模式对土壤碳库具有重要影响。(3)植被恢复通过改变土壤侵蚀过程对土壤碳库造成的间接影响不容忽视。[结论]深入揭示恢复生态系统土壤碳汇过程和驱动机制,细化生态环境分区,对于准确评估黄土高原土壤有机碳库、提高有机碳循环过程模型精度至关重要。未来亟需加强对深层土壤碳库、无机碳库及区域尺度上土壤碳循环等方面的研究。

微塑料对土壤生态系统的影响及其修复技术

由于农膜破碎、污水灌溉等活动,土壤中的微塑料含量与丰度正逐渐超越海洋,并成为土壤的主要污染源之一。土壤生物能吸收土壤微塑料,其中粮食作物中的微塑料能通过食物链进入人体,造成人体微塑料暴露风险,此外,土壤微塑料也会直接对土壤产生毒性。概述了微塑料在土壤生态系统中的来源、迁移等环境行为,重点综述了微塑料对土壤生态系统的影响。结果表明:1)微塑料能通过土壤颗粒间的空隙、植物侧根裂缝及动物运动等在土壤环境系统中迁移转运;2)微塑料能影响土壤物理化学性质、植物生长发育、动物行为和微生物多样性;3)微生物和酶能降解土壤环境中的微塑料,并直接减少土壤系统中的微塑料,而生物炭可以减轻微塑料对土壤生态系统的毒性,三者均为土壤微塑料修复技术的潜在选择。最后,提出了土壤微塑料未来可能的研究方向,以期为土壤微塑料的污染防治提供指导。

氮沉降对土壤呼吸影响的研究进展

氮沉降作为土壤生态系统中的一个关键生态因子,显著影响生态系统的结构和功能。为系统阐述氮沉降对土壤呼吸的影响,综述了氮沉降对土壤根系、土壤微生物、土壤动物呼吸以及土壤含碳矿物质化学氧化的影响,分析了不同氮沉降量梯度对土壤呼吸的具体影响,并对土壤呼吸领域未来的研究方向作出展望,以期为后续深入监测、研究土壤呼吸及相关生命活动提供理论参考。

典型农牧交错带不同植被恢复模式土壤微生物特征及其影响因素——以张家口屯垦林场为例

【目的】土壤微生物作为生态系统的分解者在植被演替和养分循环中扮演重要的角色,是土壤养分转化的最重要的调节器之一,也是评估生态系统恢复的重要指标。为明确农牧交错带不同植被恢复过程中的土壤微生物特征,评价植被恢复成效,深入认识农牧交错带植被恢复和演替过程。【方法】利用Illumina MiSep高通量测序技术,结合常规分析方法,以天然草地为对照,分析中国北方典型农牧交错带张家口屯垦林场4种植被恢复模式(樟子松Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica、落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii、杨树Populus tomentosa和榆树Ulmus pumila)土壤细菌和真菌群落组成及其多样性,并探究其与土壤环境因子的相关性。【结果】高通量测序结果共获得19957个细菌OTUs和5957个真菌OTUs。α多样性分析结果表明,20~40 cm土层中落叶松和樟子松的细菌Shannon和Chao指数显著高于天然草地(P<0.05),0~20 cm土层中天然草地和榆树真菌Shannon和Chao指数显著高于杨树(P<0.05);β多样性分析结果表明,在属水平,不同植被类型微生物群落结构差异显著(P=0.001)。回归分析结果表明,植被恢复导致土壤细菌和真菌群落发生改变,其中SOC、TN和粉粒含量与细菌密切相关,黏粒和粉粒含量与真菌密切相关。【结论】在张家口地区农牧交错带植被恢复过程中,樟子松和落叶松恢复模式是细菌群落丰富度和多样性最高的2种植被恢复模式;榆树恢复模式是真菌群落丰富度和多样性最高的植被恢复模式。研究结果可为农牧交错带生态脆弱区的生态恢复提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Occurrence of organochlorine pollutants in the eggs and dropping-amended soil of Antarctic large animals and its ecological significance

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) are analyzed for the dropping-amended soils from the habitats of Antarctic seabirds and seals in Fildes Peninsula and Ardley Island. The concentration ranges are 0.21 to 3.85 ng/g for polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs),0.09 to 2.01 ng/g for organochlorine pesticides (ΣDDT),and 0.06 to 0.76 ng/g for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Among these,hepata-chlorobiphenyls,hexachlorobiphenyls,p,p′-DDE and α-HCH compounds are dominant. The concentra-tion ranges of ΣPCB,DDT and HCH in the eggs of skuas were 91.9―515.5 ng/g,56.6―304.4 ng/g and 0.5―2.0 ng/g respectively; those in the eggs of penguins were 0.4―0.9 ng/g,2.4―10.3 ng/g and 0.1― 0.4 ng/g; and those in the eggs of giant petrel were 38.1―81.7 ng/g,12.7―53.7 ng/g and 0.5―1.5 ng/g respectively. The dominant POP compounds in the eggs are PCB180,PCB153,p,p′-DDE and hexa-chlorobenzene (HCB). The present study shows that the concentration of POPs in the sea-bird-inhabited-dropping-amended soil varies with the extent of predation and nest occupancy of dif-ferent seabird populations. Statistical analysis on the POP concentrations from the different seabird eggs implies that the difference in the bio-concentration levels of the birds depends on the bio-habits of the species,such as the range of activity,distance of immigration,feeding pattern,and nest occupation. Among these,the most important factor is the location of the seabirds in the food chain and their feeding pattern. This shows that POPs accumulated in the seabirds resulted from the bio-concentration through the food chain. In addtion,210Pb dating for the dropping-amended soils (AD1-a and AD2) was performed,which provided the POP accumulation rate and the historic record for the soil profile. It indicates that POP will continuously affect the Antarctic ecosystem for a long time.