Demonstration of the Nearly Zero Energy Building Concept

Nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) will become an obligatory energy efficiency standard in Europe. Following to common guidelines in European legislation, the countries investigated technical and economic framework for the preparation of detailed national technical definition of nZEB. Slovenia accepted the nZEB criteria in early 2015. This paper describes the technical and economic background for identification of economically viable concepts of highly energy efficient apartment building. The highrise demonstration building Eco Silver House revealed that meeting nZEB standards was not an easy task, not so much for technical reasons, but mostly due to the processes, inadequate skills, not fully compliant regulation and insufficient possibilities for interaction between the building and energy networks. Analysis of cost effectiveness showed that the Eco Silver House fulfilled minimal requirements of cost-optimal for apartment building with Net Present Value of 272 EUR/m2 and Primary energy use of 79 kWh/ m2?a in line with the Slovenian national cost optimal study of minimum energy performance requirements from the year 2014. At the time, the requirement of 50% share of renewables in final energy use is not fulfilled, but will be easily reached when EU2020 energy efficiency targets set in the Slovenian Energy Act regarding the RES share in district heating systems and public power grid will be gradually implemented. The demonstration project FP7 EE-HIGHRISE confirms that in spite of the barriers, the nZEB minimum requirements defined on profound theoretical studies can be met in practice.

Uncertainty-based life-cycle analysis of near-zero energy buildings for performance improvements

Near-zero energy buildings( nZEBs) are considered as an effective solution to mitigating CO_2 emissions and reducing the energy usage in the building sector. A proper sizing of the nZEB systems( e. g. HVAC systems,energy supply systems,energy storage systems, etc.) is essential for achieving the desired annual energy balance,thermal comfort,and grid independence. Two significant factors affecting the sizing of nZEB systems are the uncertainties confronted by the building usage condition and weather condition,and the degradation effects in nZEB system components. The former factor has been studied by many researchers; however,the impact of degradation is still neglected in most studies. Degradation is prevalent in energy components of nZEB and inevitably leads to the deterioration of nZEB life-cycle performance. As a result,neglecting the degradation effects may lead to a system design which can only achieve the desired performance at the beginning several years. This paper,therefore,proposes a life-cycle performance analysis( LCPA) method for investigating the impact of degradation on the longitudinal performance of the nZEBs. The method not only integrates the uncertainties in predicting building thermal load and weather condition,but also considers the degradation in the nZEB systems. Based on the proposed LCPA method,a two-stage method is proposed to improve the sizing of the nZEB systems.The study can improve the designers "understanding of the components"degradation impacts and the proposed method is effective in the life-cycle performance analysis and improvements of nZEBs. It is the first time that the impacts of degradation and uncertainties on nZEB LCP are analysed. Case studies showthat an nZEB might not fulfil its definition at all after some years due to component degradation,while the proposed two-stage design method can effectively alleviate this problem.

Review on the recent progress of nearly zero energy building frontiers in China

Energy efficiency improvement in Chinese construction has progressed rapidly over the past two decades.Nearly zero energy buildings(NZEBs),as an integrated solution for energy-efficient construction,have gained significant attention during China's 13th Five-Year Plan period,with continuous maturation of the technical system.In this study,a research framework built upon the accomplishments of China's National Key Research and Development Program is developed,and an in-depth analysis of the most cutting-edge research is provided by thoroughly reviewing the work conducted earlier.Developing NZEB in China has been categorized into three stages based on the characteristics of technological development:(1)definition and standards,(2)demonstration and promotion,and(3)cross-domain integration.This study discerns four noteworthy development trends by examining comprehensive data spanning the last decade from 100 NZEB and zero energy building.Further,a comprehensive analysis of essential technology advancements in line with these identified trends is performed.The issues and challenges arising from the increased application of renewable energy in the context of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals have also been discussed.Finally,based on this analysis,the challenges and corresponding suggestions for future research directions were proposed to help guide future studies exploring emerging trends in the NZEB field.

Zero Energy Hotels and Sustainable Mobility in the Islands of Aegean Sea (Greece)

The goal of this work is to evaluate and to give evidence to innovative and sustainable technologies applied in the construction industry to carry out self-sufficient energy and to use the surplus energy for the production of hydrogen vector. An architectural integration design along with high technological systems is performed. The intermittency of renewable energy sources along with climatic conditions dependency imposes to store the energy produced, since it is clean and having a big calorific value: the hydrogen vector is currently the better energy carrier. The energy to obtain hydrogen by dissociation of water is supplied by a photovoltaic (PV) system. Through the computations of the annual energy balance between building’s demand and supply energy, it is shown that the extra energy produced by the solar generation system is used also for the hydrogen sustainable mobility. The renewable systems, model’s design and case study are tackled for the bigger one of the Dodecanese islands in the South Aegean Sea: Rhodes (Rodos). The Zero energy building’s integrative design-based approach, applied to the Hotel Buildings type industry is targeted to have new hotels buildings, in the Mediterranean typical warm climate, with zero energy consumption. The designers, authors of this work, have studied a real case or pilot project of an hotel, in the resort formula, suitable to the Greek landscape, showcasing technologies and innovations supporting environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, use of renewable energy, electricity storage by fuel cells that are tools particularly applicable to hotel facility [1]. The feasibility of this case study or pilot project is aligned jointly to the target of Zero Emission and Energy Efficiency EU Policy, as imposed by EU Directives. The strategic position of Rhodes in a geographical point full of sun and wind renewable energy power, enables to ensure the clean energy production, the current interesting development of the hydrogen as energy vector in the buildings [2] and also to satisfy the demand of tourists’ accommodation by having at the same time zero energy costs. Moreover, the presence in the island of the best example worldwide of ancient and sustainable built environment (UNESCO World Heritage site), represents also the best motivation to give witness there of a zero impact environmental urban development through the adoption of these achieved scientific results for a major success of Zero Energy Buildings.

沈阳地区典型办公建筑运行阶段碳减排潜力研究

以沈阳某办公建筑为例,将GB 50189—2015《公共建筑节能设计标准》作为节能基准,对比分析多种近零能耗建筑技术情形对建筑碳排放的影响,并对其碳减排潜力进行评估测算。利用模拟软件Design Builder对沈阳市某办公建筑建立典型模型,通过模拟计算得到几种不同技术情形下的能耗强度。碳排放强度由不同类型能源碳排放因子与能耗强度计算得出。结果表明:可再生能源利用技术和暖通空调设备能效提升技术可明显减少碳排放,碳减排率分别可达到44.88%和39.99%;另外,建筑围护结构改造以及自然通风和自然采光结合技术,减排率分别为8.18%、7.22%。按照近零能耗建筑技术要求,综合6种技术情形,办公建筑运行阶段的减排率可达51.08%。

寒冷地区近零能耗建筑参数优化研究

针对寒冷地区近零能耗建筑的围护结构在夏季会增加室内制冷能耗的问题,提出在夏季和过渡季采用空调与自然通风系统相结合的节能方法,运用EnergyPlus软件模拟研究窗墙面积比、外窗太阳得热因数、窗户传热系数、外墙传热系数、外遮阳悬挑梁长度等5个参数对建筑能耗的影响,通过正交试验确定最优因素水平组合.研究结果显示,优化建筑与既有建筑相比,全年供暖制冷综合能耗可节约43.7%.

近零能耗建筑发展简述

随着城镇化的高速发展,建筑业规模不断扩大,建筑能耗在全社会总能耗中的比重也在逐年增加。作为影响环境的一个重要方面,能耗问题历来受到各国的重视。如何降低建筑能耗需求,成为城镇发展过程中不可避免的问题。主要总结了各国在低能耗建筑实践过程中的经验与成果,同时介绍了我国关于低能耗建筑的相关政策标准,讨论了近零能耗建筑在我国发展的难点并提出相关建议,以期推动建筑行业绿色、低碳发展。

被动式近零能耗建筑日耗热量预测仿真

由于被动式近零能耗建筑实际日耗热量受多种因素影响、特征难提取,导致日耗热量预测难度较大。为此,提出一种基于离散稀疏函数的建筑实际日耗热量预测方法。采用离散稀疏函数计算历史建筑日耗热量数据,在不同维度层次上特征向量和稀疏参数,利用激活函数建立偏离惩罚项,明确每个热量先验信息数据与中心值间的偏离度。采用线性传递函数求得会影响实际日耗热量间的线性变化关系,建立时间序列,采用自回归算法得出时间和热量的正向变化序列,实现对日耗热量的预测。实验数据证明,所提方法日耗热量预测精准度较高,针对热负荷、冷负荷以及预测平均评价(Predicted Mean Vote, PMV)指标均实现了高效预测。

近零能耗建筑技术应用与经济分析

面对全球能源日益短缺、空气污染日益严重的情况,发展近零能耗建筑作为建筑节能的新方向尤为必要。文章以上海某办公楼为例,具体分析了非透光围护结构保温技术、透光围护结构(外窗)保温技术、被动式节能技术、主动式节能技术、可再生能源技术及装配式技术的实际应用。研究发现,近零能耗建筑的建造成本较传统建筑有一定的增加,但其运营成本有所减少,因此从长远角度看,近零能耗建筑在实际应用中具有可行性和实际的推广价值。

光伏直驱变频多联机在严寒地区的经济性与碳排放量分析

在严寒地区,极端的气候条件和辐照强度的不稳定性给光伏直驱变频多联机的运行带来挑战。通过监测光伏直驱变频多联机在严寒地区近零能耗办公建筑中的运行情况,对实验期间的运行能耗进行分析。结果显示:光伏直驱变频多联机系统在实验期间的运行成本比普通多联机空调系统节省了约55.81%,经济效益显著。光伏直驱变频多联机系统的静态回收期小于10年。在建筑设计寿命20年以内,光伏直驱变频多联机系统的碳排放量比普通多联机空调系统降低了约56.95%,降碳效果明显。

基于多因素耦合风、光、能耗的寒冷地区多层住区节能规划设计研究

建筑规划是影响建筑能耗的重要因素,通过对建筑规划方案进行优化设计,可以有效降低建筑本体能耗。采用多因素耦合室外风环境、光环境以及建筑总能耗的模拟计算方法,计算分析了正向间距、侧向间距、朝向、建筑密度和布局形式对建筑能耗的影响。采用正交设计和极差分析的方法,得出建筑朝向对能耗影响最大,F值为1,建筑密度对能耗影响最小,F值为0.005。通过计算各因素水平对应指标的均值可以找到接近最优的建筑布局,即正向间距40 m、侧向间距18 m、朝向为正南、建筑密度为22.5%、建筑布局为行列式。相对于其他的布局形式最大可实现节能10%。研究成果为寒冷地区多层住区的节能规划设计方法和关键数据指标的确定提供了参考。

西北寒冷地区近零能耗建筑技术应用——以兰州新区某办公楼为例

经济的发展、人居环境质量的提升等都依赖于能源,而我国的能源消耗总量逐年增加,节能减排任重道远。近零能耗建筑技术凭借其节能、低碳的优势,逐渐被应用到各个国家和地区的节能建筑实践中。以兰州新区某办公楼为例,较为系统地介绍了近零能耗建筑技术首次在西北寒冷与欠发达地区节能建筑中的应用实践,旨在借鉴该项目的成功经验,为后续同类地区的新建节能建筑及既有建筑节能改造等提供技术支撑,推动节能减排等可持续事业的发展。

基于“双碳”目标的湖南省首栋近零能耗建筑项目实践

“双碳”目标提出后,作为国民经济支柱产业的建筑业面临的考验尤为严峻。近零能耗建筑以其低碳排放、室内环境舒适宜人的优势,成为建筑业的发展趋势。通过分析土方平衡技术、施工道路永临结合技术等绿色施工技术与全链指挥系统3.0、数字仓储物料管控中心、建筑机器人等智能建造技术在湖南省首座近零能耗建筑施工过程中的应用及实施,为推动湖南省近零能耗建筑发展提供参考。

夏热冬冷地区既有办公建筑近零能耗改造策略——以苏州市某项目为例

建筑领域的节能减碳工作对我国“双碳”目标的实现至关重要,而发展超低能耗建筑、近零能耗建筑是实现该目标的重要举措。相比新建建筑,规模庞大的既有建筑改造具备更大的节能潜力,控制既有建筑的运行能耗将成为节能工作的重点。以苏州市某既有办公建筑的近零能耗改造项目为案例,介绍了该项目的改造目标和技术路径,分类分析了该项目实现近零能耗目标所采用的被动式、主动式和可再生能源应用技术策略,为夏热冬冷地区近零能耗工程推广和技术应用实践提供有意义的参考。

严寒地区既有建筑近零能耗改造材料研究

通过实验研究对建筑外保温材料、玻璃幕墙材料、地面和墙面材料、采暖、通风、空调系统材料等进行了筛选和测试。实验结果显示,采用适宜的材料可以显著提高建筑的节能性能,有效降低能源消耗。研究还探讨了材料在不同建筑类型和使用环境下的适用性和效果,并提出了相关建议和实践指导。

领航零碳实践,逐梦绿色浪潮——以中国海外大厦为例

在“双碳”战略和可持续发展目标的驱动下,建筑业作为三大耗能“大户”之一,应减少对自然资源的消耗和生态环境的破坏。本文介绍了在始终深度贯彻零碳、近零能耗理念的中国海外大厦项目中,设计团队从被动式节能设计、高效能源系统、可再生能源利用等方面着手,实现节能减排的目的,并借助智慧运营管理手段,探索碳交易市场与绿色金融机制的运作模式,以期将“双碳”目标落实到建筑工程全寿命期中,为超高层建筑的绿色发展提供参考。

夏热冬暖地区近零能耗装配式建筑设计实践

当前装配式建筑和绿色建筑已成为建筑行业高质量发展的重要方向。但能够达到近零能耗的装配式绿色建筑实际案例较少[1],通过分析近零能耗建筑与装配式建筑的内在联系,结合广州某安置区消防站项目关于预制外墙复合板、外遮阳装饰一体化设计、预制太阳能板、预制集成楼板等装配式建造方式实践,详细探索如何通过装配式建造方式实现夏热冬暖地区近零能耗建筑,以期对以后此类项目建筑设计工作提供借鉴。

从乌托邦城市到近零能耗建筑——超高层建筑节能运用的探索与实践

本文详细介绍了gmp·冯·格康,玛格及合伙人建筑师事务所40多年来在建筑节能设计方面的探索与项目实践,讨论了中国和德国在建筑节能设计方面的异同和发展历史,并提出了以低科技节能战略为主导,主动式科技节能和再生能源利用为辅的近零能耗建筑设计思路,为超高层建筑节能设计的探索与实践提供了一定的参考。

近零能耗技术在公共建筑中的应用——以运河湾水运集散中心项目为例

以运河湾水运集散中心项目为例,介绍了近零能耗技术在公共建筑项目中的实践,探索适宜夏热冬冷地区公共建筑节能的关键技术,并深入探讨能耗和碳排放,还进行了经济效益分析,以期为低碳建筑建设提供参考。

Scientometric of Nearly Zero Energy Building Research: A Systematic Review from the Perspective of Co-Citation Analysis

As an important building type to diminish energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in the construction industry, nearly zero energy building(nZEB) has attracted much attention from many scholars, with volumes of research findings published. However, quantitative and systematic reviews on those findings are rarely conducted by researchers. Therefore, a visualized presentation regarding the advancement of nZEB research was made in this study by applying the scientometric method of co-citation analysis to 704 publications retrieved from the Web of Science database from 2006 to 2018. Here, the key conclusions drawn after the research are as follows:(1) Italy, the USA and Spain are the top three nations by the number of nZEB publications;(2) Energy and Buildings, Applied Energy and Energy are the journals with the highest number of published nZEB articles;(3) Politecnico di Milano, Aalto University and Politecnico di Torino are the most influential core organizations in the field of nZ EB;(4) Professor Kurnitski J, Professor Corgnati SP and Professor D’Agostino D are the leading nZEB experts;(5) "cost optimal", "life cycle assessment", "technical system", "design" and "indoor environment quality" are the major research directions in the field of nZEB;(6) A multi-stage optimization method for cost-optimal and nearly zero-energy building solutions in line with the EPBD 2010, co-authored by Hamdy M, is the most cited nZEB reference;(7) "residential building", "building energy saving technology", "simulation method" and "thermal comfort", etc. are the hot topics in nZEB research at present and in the future. This research is designed to provide valuable information for scholars interested in the field of nZEB.