基于Needs甲基化法枸杞多糖指纹图谱的建立

目的多糖是枸杞中主要的活性成分,各产地间枸杞多糖的结构和含量均有差异。目前枸杞多糖的质量控制方法大多都通过单糖组成构建指纹图谱,但仅通过单糖指纹图谱对枸杞多糖进行质量控制,并不能系统地对不同产地的枸杞多糖进行质量控制。因此,我们在单糖指纹图谱的基础上,利用Needs甲基化法确定枸杞多糖的糖残基连接方式,建立Needs甲基化法枸杞多糖指纹图谱,实现对不同产地枸杞的质量控制。方法通过水提醇沉法获得枸杞多糖,并采用Needs甲基化、完全酸水解、硼氢化钠还原及乙酰化等方法结合GC-MS测定枸杞多糖的糖残基连接方式。结果将18批枸杞多糖的糖残基连接方式色谱图导入《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2004版)构建出指纹图谱,并结合多种化学计量法评价不同产地间枸杞多糖的差异。相似度计算结果发现,除西藏自治区三批枸杞多糖相似度0.551-0.569,其余15批样品相似度均0.929以上。糖残基连接方式色谱图共标定了16个共有峰,指认了其中10个共有峰,分别为TArap、T-Araf、T-Xylp、1,2-Arap、1,3-Rhap、1,5-Araf、T-Glcp、T-Galp、1,4-Glcp、1,6-Galp。HCA、PCA和PLS-DA分析结果将18批次不同产地的枸杞多糖分为3类,并筛选出了3个标志性成分,分别为T-Araf、1,5-Araf和T-Glcp,以此来判断不同产地间枸杞多糖的差异性。结论首次建立了18批枸杞多糖的Needs甲基化法指纹图谱,为枸杞多糖质量控制提供实验数据参考,进一步证明了多糖在中药质量控制中的作用。

The Oral Health Status of Person with Special Needs in Kumasi

Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.

职场基本心理需求对员工数字化创新行为的影响研究

随着信息技术的发展,大数据时代已到来,企业管理更加可视化和具象化。基于自我决定理论,探讨数据技术和工具如何通过满足员工职场基本心理需求,从而影响其数字化创新行为。基于283份数据进行实证分析与检验,最终得出结论:职场基本心理需求正向影响员工数字化创新行为,人力资源管理(HRM)数字化转型接受度在职场基本心理需求正向影响员工数字化创新行为的过程中发挥了部分中介效应,雇佣关系正向调节职场基本心理需求对HRM数字化转型接受度的影响且正向调节职场基本心理需求通过HRM数字化转型接受度对员工数字化创新行为的影响。由此得出启示:企业进行人力资源管理数字化转型时,需要从人机交互的角度出发,重视员工职场基本心理需求的满足度,构建和谐的雇佣关系,提高员工对于HRM数字化转型认知水平,从而促进员工对HRM数字化转型的接受度,最终实现员工数字化创新行为。

社区老年人照护需求现状及影响因素研究:基于三省的基线调查

背景人口老龄化背景下对老年人照护的研究逐渐成为热点。以往对老年人照护需求率的调查存在较大差异(8.54%~53.15%),缺乏大样本的研究证据。目的了解我国社区老年人照护需求现状及其影响因素。方法调查对象来自国家重大公共卫生专项“老年期重点疾病预防和干预”项目2019年的基线调查,该调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在辽宁省、河南省和广东省的16个区(县)共抽取16199名60岁及以上老年人开展问卷调查,问卷内容主要包括基本人口学特征(性别、年龄、城乡、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、体质量、居住情况)、照护需求现状、患慢性病情况、病人健康问卷抑郁自评量表(PHQ-9)、简易智能精神状态检查(MMSE)量表、老年人日常生活活动能力调查(ADL)量表、自评健康状况、每天锻炼身体和跌倒情况(过去1年)等。采用PHQ-9评定老年人的心理状况、MMSE量表评估老年人的认知功能,老年人照护需求评估采用ADL量表(存在BADL或IADL失能)或自报需要照护。采用Logistic回归分析探讨老年人照护需求的影响因素。结果收集有效样本数据16193份,社区老年人照护需求率为14.57%(95%CI=14.02%~15.11%),随着年龄增加照护需求率逐步上升,女性的照护需求率高于男性(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄每增加一岁照护需求风险增加7%(OR=1.07,95%CI=1.06~1.08);与文盲相比,文化程度在小学、初中、高中及以上老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)分别为0.33(0.29~0.37)、0.24(0.20~0.28)、0.17(0.12~0.22);与每日锻炼身体相比,每日不锻炼老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)为1.17(1.05~1.30);与不患慢性病人群相比,患1~2种和患3种及以上慢性病老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)分别为1.29(1.10~1.51)、1.57(1.35~1.82);与认知功能正常相比,认知功能异常老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)为2.02(1.79~2.27);与自评健康状态好相比,自评健康状况一般和自评健康状况差老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)分别为1.29(1.14~1.46)、2.68(2.27~3.16);与没有摔倒过相比,摔倒1~2次和3次及以上老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)分别为1.23(1.06~1.43)、2.00(1.59~2.52);与心理状况良好相比,轻度和中重度抑郁老年人照护需求OR(95%CI)分别为1.14(1.21~1.65)、2.05(1.69~2.48)。结论我国三省社区老年人照护需求率较高,且高龄、身体及心理健康状况差、跌倒次数多的老年人照护需求率更高。

中心城区城市公园的儿童友好性分析及其规划应对——以武汉市沙湖公园为例

以儿童友好为导向规划建设出能够充分保障儿童权益和诉求的儿童友好型城市公园,对于促进儿童健康成长、推动儿童友好型城市建设具有重要意义。依据“儿童友好”导向理论体系,采用非参与式观察方法对武汉市沙湖公园开展实地调研,结果表明,沙湖公园在自然友好度、人文友好度方面有待提升。然后基于马斯洛需求层次理论,提出儿童友好导向下沙湖公园规划与建设的具体策略。

The Application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to Educational Settings

Hierarchy of Needs,one of the most influential motivation theories,was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940-50's USA.Hi erarchy of Needs theory has great significance in understanding human motivation,management training and personal development.The purpose of this paper is to investigate briefly the application of the theory to educational settings so as to guide a more effective education.

社区全科医生慢性病共病药物治疗决策能力提升培训需求的定性研究

背景社区全科医生为慢性病共病患者做出药物治疗决策时面临诸多挑战,通过开展培训提升其决策能力是应对挑战的重要方式。然而,目前对于社区全科医生的慢性病共病药物治疗决策培训需求缺乏深入研究。目的了解社区全科医生在开展慢性病共病药物治疗决策时面临的困难,以及其在慢性病共病药物治疗决策能力提升方面的培训需求,为设计相关培训课程提供参考依据。方法于2023-10-05至2023-12-21,采用目的性抽样方法和最大差异原则,招募杭州市、宁波市、嘉兴市、深圳市、上海市社区卫生服务中心的全科医生进行深度访谈,访谈主题围绕社区全科医生在慢性病共病药物治疗决策培训上的内容及形式需求开展。访谈内容由2名研究者独立转录和编码,并对访谈资料进行内容分析。结果共有20名社区全科医生完成访谈,15名为女性,平均年龄为(38.5±3.0)岁。基于社区全科医生当前面临的共病药物治疗决策问题,对其开展的培训内容应涵盖药物治疗评估、药物合理选择、医患沟通与共同决策、用药教育与随访4个方面。在培训形式上,社区全科医生愿意接受灵活多样的授课途径,且更为认可基于案例和结合社区医疗需求的培训方法。结论社区全科医生对慢性病共病用药决策能力存在明确的培训需求,本研究结果可以为培训课程的构建提供理论参照,可助力培训更适应社区全科医生的工作环境与实际需求。

A Study on the Needs and the Way of the International Talents Training for Shaanxi Under"the Belt and Road"

This article,emphatically analyzes the needs and the way of internationall talents training for Shaanxi under"the Belt and Road".And it’s hoped that the results can be helpful for providing Shaanxi with solid talents support under the opportunity of"the Belt and Road".

The Survey on Course Design for Business English Majors on the Base of Needs Analysis

Based on the needs analysis theory, a survey on the course design of Business English at Honghe University are conducted. Business English majors' learning needs and attitudes towards course design of Business English are researched through questionnaires. Business English competences needed in workplaces and society's needs for Business English talents are investigated. After analyzing recruitment information for Business English talents collected from domestic credible websites, some suggestions on course design of business English are supplied.

On The Role Of Needs Analysis In ESP Course And Its Implications For Specialized EnglishReading Cour

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Landscape Expressions in Hospital Green Spaces Based on the Needs of Patients

According to the Hierarchy of Needs Theory proposed by Abraham Maslow, demands of patients on the landscape environment of hospital green spaces were analyzed, and based on analyzing the psychological characters and behavior patterns of patients, differences of those demands were distinguished. It was proposed that the best stimulation principle should be applied to design patient-centered hospital green spaces based on their needs.

养老院医疗卫生服务现状及需求分析——以徐州市某示范性城市养老服务机构为例

通过问卷调查及访谈深入了解某养老院医疗卫生服务现状及入住老人的需求,基于调查结果提出改进措施。结果显示,超过半数老人对养老院食堂和住宿卫生条件表示满意;养老院打扫生活区域的次数在职业上存在显著性差异,机关事业单位员工、无工作者的生活区域打扫次数少于农民、工人、企业员工;养老院为老人进行身体和心理健康检查次数较少且不规律;医护人员为老人做健康护理的频率不定。提示该养老院的医疗卫生服务尚且不能满足入住老人的需求。养老院可以通过对机构工作人员进行专业培训,定期对老人的身体和心理健康进行检查,提供规律的健康护理,加大卫生服务投入力度,优化养老服务体系。

English Language Assistance Needs of Chinese Students

It is known that the IELTS test has not been a good predictor of English capability in academic settings. More information is required. Are students not motivated to keep improving their English; what obstacles do they face? The English language issues facing international students from China at one University are explored through a survey and focus groups. It is observed that a lack of motivation is not the key factor. Rather one core problem is the very difficult demands of acculturation within a short time frame which would enable confidence for the students to continue to engage with other English speaking students. When faced with such immediate and hard to achieve acculturation, many retreat to their language groups. In the academic context, support for the transition to discipline based academic genres is double difficult as the time frame for second language learners is longer, but performance requirements are more immediate. Many first language students also have difficulties in this area, but have the easier language path to mastery. The study draws usefully on a comparison made with students studying English in China.

ELT Materials Design of a Speaking Unit based on Needs Analysis

In this article,the authors design a speaking unit based on needs analysis following Hutchinson and Waters'(1987) model.First,the rationale in designing this unit is introduced,which involves the teaching approach adopted and relevant theories in organizing the materials.Then,the teaching plan of this speaking unit is provided and some activities are designed to create an authentic and optimal situation for students to practice their speaking skill.

A Needs-analysis Approach to Postgraduate English Curriculum Design in Chinese Agriculture and Forestry Universities——A Case Study of Shandong Agricultural University

In order to investigate the curriculum design for postgraduate English in Agriculture and Forestry Colleges, this papermakes great attempts to probe into the target needs and learning needs of English in SDAU. Both quantitative and qualitative re-search methods were employed in the survey. The final conclusion of this study is that the current English curriculum design forpostgraduate in SDAU can not satisfy the needs of students and workplace completely. On the basis of such major findings and re-sults, this paper makes attempts to develop an English curriculum design and implementing model for postgraduate English teach-ing in SDAU, hoping to offer implications on curriculum design of postgraduate English in Agriculture and Forestry Colleges and of-fer suggestions on personalized teaching reform of postgraduate English.

消费需求中的“NEEDS”与“WANTS”

在英文中,消费需求包括“Needs”和“Wants”,有人把它们分别译为“需求”或“欲望”、“需要”和“想要”,也有人用“生理需要”和“心理需要”,或“物质需要”与“精神需要”来区分。从意思上讲,这些表述都是有道理的,但从“Needs”和“Wants(也有人用‘desires’)”的定义和表述的简洁来讲,本人更愿意把它们表述为“需求”和“欲求”,即消费者“求其所需”和“求其所欲”的意思。从消费需求的发展来看,二者的区别越来越小,甚至可以互换使用;所以,通常情况下,我们只使用“消费需求”这一概念,而不再对二者进行严格的区分。

A Literature Review of ESP and Needs Analysis

English is used differently under different contexts as well as according to different learners’needs.As a result,this leads to a development of English courses for specific purposes.One area that is highlighted in ESP is the learners’needs analysis.

Needs Analysis of English Culture Background Introduction in Spoken English Classes

With globalization there is an increasing need for spoken English for Chinese college students. However, the situation of the teaching system of spoken English in most universities in China is not satisfactory. Influenced by the exam-oriented teaching system, great importance has been put on English grammar and the skills of reading and writing. As a result, students'enthusiasm in improving their spoken English is diminished. Actually, students need some knowledge about English culture background before they can communicate effectively. It is significant for teachers to find out the students'wants and lacks during their spoken English study. Besides, attentions should be paid to English culture background in spoken English classes by both teachers and students. This paper mainly aimed at finding out the needs of students for English culture background in spoken English classes based on the theory of needs analysis.

STUDENT NEEDS AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF ESP MATERIALS

A model of student needs determines the specifications of an ESP syllabus When there is little likelihood of the student practicing his profession in anything other than his native language,the student is communicative needs in English may be limited to the study of his academic specialism.The student's professional target is one important feature that the materials writer has to take into account.But the ESP expert's notions of appropriate professional behavior do not necessarily correspond with the student's expectations.We argue that the student needs ESP materials that help him make this transition,The efficacy of ESP materilas should be measured by the degree to which the student recognizes their relevance to his immediate needs.

Analysis on the Feminine Psychological Need in the Marriage from Susan's Tragic Fate

Doris Lessing is a famous British female writer.Her short fiction to room 19 depicts the heroine Susan Rawing's tragic fate.The article makes an analysis on the feminine psychological need in the marriage from four aspects:Spiritual Freedom,Financially independent,interpersonal communication,mutual faith.