Leaf area index(LAI)is one of the most important characteristics of forest stands that affects the fundamentals of tree physiological processes,biomass production,and mechanical stability.The LAI results obtained by t...Leaf area index(LAI)is one of the most important characteristics of forest stands that affects the fundamentals of tree physiological processes,biomass production,and mechanical stability.The LAI results obtained by the semi-direct and indirect methods(the needle technique and an LAI-2000 PCA)in three European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)stands and one sycamore maple(Acer pseudoplatanus L.)stand were compared with LAI estimated by litter traps during the 2013 growing season.Seasonal LAI was estimated using an LAI-2000 PCA which showed similar trends among the stands and strongly corresponded to phenological phases of deciduous stands in Europe,with the fastest rate of leaf area increment occurring during the first month following bud break.During the growing season,maximum stand LAI value was on June 19th and reached 4.5–5.1,and 4.0 in the beech and maple stands,respectively.The needle technique significantly underestimated(p<0.05)direct LAI on average by 22.0% and 40.0% in the beech and maple stands,respectively.The LAI-2000 PCA insignificantly underestimated(p>05)LAI on average by 15.1%and 5.8%in the beech and maple stands,respectively.All methods for LAI estimation at the stand level could be applicable in deciduous forest stands(beech,maple)with similar site and stand characteristics.However,calibration by direct method is necessary to obtain the required precision.展开更多
建立了闭路循环动态针捕集/气相色谱-质谱测定卷烟烟丝中挥发性化学成分的方法,优化了采集模式、捕集与解吸条件,考察了动态针捕集(NT)的解吸率,并与固相微萃取方法进行了对比。结果表明,填充Carboxen1000的捕集针,在样品加热温度为80℃...建立了闭路循环动态针捕集/气相色谱-质谱测定卷烟烟丝中挥发性化学成分的方法,优化了采集模式、捕集与解吸条件,考察了动态针捕集(NT)的解吸率,并与固相微萃取方法进行了对比。结果表明,填充Carboxen1000的捕集针,在样品加热温度为80℃,以3 m L/min流速浸入式闭路循环捕集30 min,并在250℃下解吸5 min为最佳条件;在卷烟烟丝中共检出有机酸、酯、醛、醇类等45种化合物,其中相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%的有27种,占化合物数量的60%。NT捕集方式的灵敏度、重复性均优于固相微萃取,更适用于卷烟烟丝中挥发性成分分析。展开更多
Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenari...Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.展开更多
基金supported by the Specific University Research Fund of the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology(FFWT)at Mendel University in Brno(Grant No.LDF_VP_2016017)the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic,institutional support MZE-RO0118。
文摘Leaf area index(LAI)is one of the most important characteristics of forest stands that affects the fundamentals of tree physiological processes,biomass production,and mechanical stability.The LAI results obtained by the semi-direct and indirect methods(the needle technique and an LAI-2000 PCA)in three European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)stands and one sycamore maple(Acer pseudoplatanus L.)stand were compared with LAI estimated by litter traps during the 2013 growing season.Seasonal LAI was estimated using an LAI-2000 PCA which showed similar trends among the stands and strongly corresponded to phenological phases of deciduous stands in Europe,with the fastest rate of leaf area increment occurring during the first month following bud break.During the growing season,maximum stand LAI value was on June 19th and reached 4.5–5.1,and 4.0 in the beech and maple stands,respectively.The needle technique significantly underestimated(p<0.05)direct LAI on average by 22.0% and 40.0% in the beech and maple stands,respectively.The LAI-2000 PCA insignificantly underestimated(p>05)LAI on average by 15.1%and 5.8%in the beech and maple stands,respectively.All methods for LAI estimation at the stand level could be applicable in deciduous forest stands(beech,maple)with similar site and stand characteristics.However,calibration by direct method is necessary to obtain the required precision.
文摘建立了闭路循环动态针捕集/气相色谱-质谱测定卷烟烟丝中挥发性化学成分的方法,优化了采集模式、捕集与解吸条件,考察了动态针捕集(NT)的解吸率,并与固相微萃取方法进行了对比。结果表明,填充Carboxen1000的捕集针,在样品加热温度为80℃,以3 m L/min流速浸入式闭路循环捕集30 min,并在250℃下解吸5 min为最佳条件;在卷烟烟丝中共检出有机酸、酯、醛、醇类等45种化合物,其中相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%的有27种,占化合物数量的60%。NT捕集方式的灵敏度、重复性均优于固相微萃取,更适用于卷烟烟丝中挥发性成分分析。
基金This project has been assisted by the New South Wales Government through its Environmental Trust[grant number 2015/RD/0156].
文摘Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.
