The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on negative emotions in nursing students:a meta-analysis

Background:Recently,cognitive behavioral therapy interventions have been extensively applied in the field of nursing education.However,no consensus has been reached on whether these interventions can reduce negative emotions in nursing students.Objective:This meta-analysis was designed to systematically discuss the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy interventions on levels of anxiety,fear of denial,social avoidance and social distress for nursing students.Methods:The following Chinese and English databases were searched for relevant articles:PubMed,Embase,Cochrane library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wangfang Database,VIP Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.The search encompassed the establishment of these databases up until May 2021.Two reviewers separately entered the data into Review Manager Software 5.3.Results:A total of 6 studies were reviewed.It was found that cognitive behavioral therapy interventions significantly lowered levels of anxiety(SMD=−0.98,95%CI:−1.46 to−0.50,P<0.001),fear of denial(MD=−3.22,95%CI:−5.60 to−0.84,P<0.01),social avoidance(MD=−1.74,95%CI:−2.32 to−1.16,P<0.001),and social distress(MD=−2.15,95%CI:−2.81 to−1.49,P<0.001)in nursing students.Conclusion:Cognitive behavioral therapy could effectively decrease anxiety,fear of negation,and social negative emotions of nursing students as well as enhance their mental health level.However,more studies are needed to verify whether internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy has an impact on nursing students’negative emotions.

Investigation of a New Waveguide Structure Based on Negative Index Material for Optoelectronic Applications

In this work, a waveguide structure consisting of a new artificial negative index material (NIM) surrounded by a nonlinear cover and a ferrite (YIG) substrate has been designed and investigated. We apply the boundary conditions and impose the condition of negative effective permeability of the ferrite slab to derive the dispersion relation related to the proposed structure. The NIM permittivity and permeability are not constant and depend on the operating frequency. The dispersion properties of the nonlinear electromagnetic surface waves (NEM) are analyzed and the associated propagation index is calculated. Results show that the dispersion could be tuned and controlled by selecting the NIM film thickness and the film-cover interface nonlinearity. The proposed structure is supporting unusual types of NEM surface waves having a non-reciprocal behavior widely used in designing optoelectronic devices.

Resistivity-Temperature Behavior of CB-Filled HDPE Foaming Composites

High-density polyethylene/carbon black foaming conductive composites were prepared from acetylene black（ACEY） and super conductive carbon black（HG-1P） as conductive filler, low-density polyethylene（LDPE） as the second component, ethylene-vinyl acetate（EVA） and ethylene propylene rubber（EPR） as the third component, azobisformamide（AC） as foamer, and dicumyl peroxide（DCP） as cross-linker. The structure and resistivity-temperature behavior of high-density polyethylene（HDPE）/CB foaming conductive composites were investigated. Influences of carbon black, LDPE, EVA, EPR, AC, and DCP on the foaming performance and resistivity-temperature behavior of HDPE/CB foaming conductive composites were also studied. The results reveal that HDPE/CB foaming conductive composite exhibits better switching characteristic; ACET-filled HDPE foaming conductive composite displays better positive temperature coefficient（PYC） effect; whereas super conductive carbon black（HG-1P）-filled HDPE foaming conductive composite shows better negative temperature coefficient（NTC） effect.

A novel wavy non-uniform ligament chiral stent with J-shaped stress-strain behavior to mimic the native trachea

Tracheal stents are an important form of treatment for benign or malignant central airway obstruction.However,the mechanical behavior of current tracheal stents is significantly different from that of the native trachea,which leads to a variety of serious complications.In this study,inspired by the structure of the native trachea,a wavy non-uniform ligament chiral tracheal stent is proposed,in which J-shaped stress-strain behavior and negative Poisson's ratio response are achieved by replacing the tangential ligament of tetrachiral and anti-tetrachiral hybrid structure with a wavy non-uniform ligament.Through the combination of theoretical analysis,finite element analysis and experimental tests,a wide range of desired J-shaped stress-strain curves are explored to mimic the native porcine trachea by tailoring the stent geometry.Besides,the negative Poisson’s ratio and auxetic diameter curves versus axial strain of the stent are also studied in detail,thus contributing to the enhancement of cross-section ventilation and reducing the migration of the stent.This novel tracheal stent with a unique microstructure shows a potential to perfectly match the physiological activities of the native trachea and thereby reduce potential complications.

Research status of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in cancer patients

The latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization in 2020 shows that there were 19.29 million new cancer cases worldwide,with 4.57 million in China,ranking first.The number of cancer survivors is increasing,with a 5-year survival rate exceeding 85%,but there are emotional disorders.Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)can improve negative emotions and has significant effects on patients.However,there is a limited number of physicians and high costs,so internet interventions have become a solution.The feasibility of web-based interventions for breast cancer patients has been proven.Research on internet-delivered CBT is also increasing.The purpose of this study was to review the concept of web-based CBT and its application status in cancer survivors,in order to provide relevant intervention for scholars and provide reference and supplement for patients to provide psychological therapy.

4～5岁汉语儿童否定行为的多模态表征特点

否定行为是一类常见的儿童交际行为。除了语言否定,儿童还会通过手势语、身势动作等非语言符号,以及语言与非语言符号的协同使用来实施否定。本研究深入考察两名4耀5岁汉语普通话儿童的多模态否定行为的类型及其表征,结果发现与更年幼的儿童相比,4耀5岁汉语儿童的多模态否定交际能力得到进一步发展,能够依据语境实施不同的多模态否定行为;该年龄段儿童具备使用语言否定、非语言否定、语言与非语言协同否定三种表征方式来实施否定行为的多模态交际能力,但以语言否定为主导,且模态互动关系有并列、互补和强化三种。在多模态交际日益普遍化的时代背景下,包括多模态否定在内的多模态交际能力已成为儿童今后必备的一项重要交际能力。家长与儿童教育工作者需要合理给予儿童借助多模态符号自由表征其否定行为的机会,并及时思考和发现个体儿童多模态否定行为表征特点背后可能反映出的儿童心理与多模态交际能力方面的问题,帮助儿童获得心理与多模态交际能力的同步健康发展,从而更好地适应未来普遍化的多模态交际环境。

论广义模态结构词的逻辑否定及其依据

作者通过比较量词结构、认知模态词结构、规范模态词结构三者间的惊人类似,引出了源于本体论之存在或非存在的广义模态结构词的一般逻辑否定算法,从而为从命题模态到系动词模态再到情态动词模态的逻辑否定演算,提供了一种能行的研究思路。

科学主义和实证研究的贡献、缺陷和前景——美国政治科学的否定之否定

美国行为主义政治科学研究以科学主义为特征,是适应美国民主政治的发展和实证主义在其它社会科学领域的应用而发展起来的,具有其历史必然性。行为主义研究方法在政治科学领域的发展经历了三个阶段,即从20世纪30年代开始的实证主义的兴起,从20世纪50年代到60年代的行为主义的盛行,以及60年代以后的后行为主义时代。从社会科学发展的历史轨迹来看,以行为主义为代表的科学主义趋势与马克思首次将对于历史的研究变为科学具有一致性。美国行为主义政治科学研究正在经历从统一到分化,再到高度分化和高度统一相结合的否定之否定过程。

Exploring the Low-Temperature Oxidation Chemistry of Cyclohexane in a Jet-Stirred Reactor:an Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study

We report the investigation on the low-temperature oxidation of cyclohexane in a jet-stirred reactor over 500-742 K. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry （SVUV-PIMS） was used for identifying and quantifying the oxidation species. Major products, cyclic olefins, and oxygenated products including reactive hydroperoxides and high oxygen compounds were detected. Compared with n-alkanes, a narrow low-temperature window （-80 K） was observed in the low-temperature oxidation of cyclohexane. Besides, a kinetic model for cyclohexane oxidation was developed based on the CNRS model [Combust. Flame 160, 2319 （2013）], which can better capture the experimental results than previous models. Based on the modeling analysis, the 1,5-H shift dominates the crucial isomerization steps of the first and second O2 addition products in the low-temperature chain branching process of cyclohexane. The negative temperature coefficient behavior of cyclohexane oxidation results from the reduced chain branching due to the competition from chain inhibition and propagation reactions, i.e. the reaction between cyclohexyl radical and O2 and the de- composition of cyclohexylperoxy radical, both producing cyclohexene and HO2 radical, as well as the decomposition of cyclohexylhydroperoxy radical producing hex-5-en-l-al and OH radical.

Ethanol electrooxidation on Pd/C nanoparticles in alkaline media

Carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles were prepared by microwave heating-glycol reduction method, and characterized by a wide array of experimental techniques including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The electrooxidation behaviors of ethanol on the Pd/C electrode in alkaline media were investigated using cyclic voltammetry（CV）, chronoamperometry（CA）, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） and single cell performance methods. Pd/C electrode for ethanol oxidation showed high electro-catalytic activity and long term stability. However, it is observed that the current density decreases with the increasing of the potential and negative impedance presents in the potential from-0.1 to0.1 V. The decreasing current density and the negative impedance could be due to the adsorbed intermediates species that inhibited the further oxidation of ethanol. Based on the chemical reaction analysis and EIS spectra, equivalent circuits relating to various potential zones have been obtained. These results reveal the dynamic adsorption of intermediates species on Pd surfaces. Significantly, it is clarified that the adsorption behavior begins from the maximum catalysis of electro-catalysis and ends in the formation of the palladium（II） oxide layer on the electrode surface.

Intergranular Tunnelling and Field-Induced Percolation Fluctuation of Granular Composites （La1-zAgzMnO3）/（MnO2/Mn2O3）

We investigate the giant magnetoresistance of composites （La1-xAgzMnO3）1-υ（MnO2/Mn2O3）υ. The magnetoresistive property of the composites shows the characteristics of intergranular tunnelling. A conductivity leap has been observed around y = 0.7. The composite （La0.926Ag0.074MnO3）0.698（MnO2/Mn2O3）0.302 has been found to show the greatest magnetoresistance in the samples. Its room-temperature MR ratio reaches 24% under a field of 1.8T. These phenomena suggest a percolation transformation and a kind of field-induced fluctuation in percolation in the samples investigated.

How Children Are Affected by Divorce

Divorce can have a significant effect on children’s health emotionally and practically.It can be crucial for the whole family to deal with divorce.There are many factors that come about when this situation is discussed,for example,its effect on children,the possible probability of transmission of depression from parent to children,and its effect on children’s school achievements.This paper focuses on the discussion of the answers to two questions.Firstly,how does divorce affect the school achievement of children whose parents are divorced?Secondly,how does divorce affect depression levels among children?The research finds interesting facts that children’s schools achievements get affected due to divorce but also reveals that gender plays a role as a factor,such as boys are more likely to suffer an effect on their school achievement more than girls.On the other hand,it is also found that children,especially girls,can experience depression transmitted from their depressed mothers but divorce in parents is not the only reason for children’s depression.

Carbon-doping-induced negative differential resistance in armchair phosphorene nanoribbons

By using a combined method of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green＇s function formalism,we investigate the electronic transport properties of carbon-doped armchair phosphorene nanoribbons（APNRs）.The results show that C atom doping can strongly affect the electronic transport properties of the APNR and change it from semiconductor to metal.Meanwhile,obvious negative differential resistance（NDR） behaviors are obtained by tuning the doping position and concentration.In particular,with reducing doping concentration,NDR peak position can enter into m V bias range.These results provide a theoretical support to design the related nanodevice by tuning the doping position and concentration in the APNRs.

On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg’s Thesis

We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two varying G models, where G, is Newton’s constant, and G-1, increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if G increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, ± the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low CMB temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.

Asymptotic Behavior of Product of Two Heavy-tailed Dependent Random Variables

Let X and Y be positive weakly negatively dependent （WND） random variables with finite expectations and continuous distribution functions F and G with heavy tails, respectively. The asymptotic behavior of the tail of distribution of XY is studied and some closure properties under some suitable conditions on F（x） = 1-F（x） and G（x） = of XY when X and Y are WND random variables 1- G（x） are provided. Moreover, subexponentiality is derived.

Past Experiences,Personality Traits,and Risk Aversion:Evidence from Individual Risk Attitudes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Individuals’risk attitudes play an important role in economic decision making and policy evaluation,particularly in the midst of unprecedented uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.We adopt a multiple-price-list elicitation method with real money incentives to measure precisely individuals’risk attitudes at different stake levels and the extent to which they are affected by personal and social shocks following the COVID-19 outbreak in China.We find that subjects who had previously experienced negative personal shocks are more risk-averse at medium and large stakes but more risk loving at very small stakes.For our sample,COVID-19 has no significant impact on risk attitudes,as it is more likely to be regarded as a social shock.The result indicates that the impact of COVID-19 on individual risk attitudes is not as influential as expected,unless the individual’s personal life is affected directly.