Correlation Between Neighborhood Built Environment and Physical Activity Among Chinese Population:Major Factors,Key Findings,and Research Prospects

Physical inactivity poses growing threats to the Chinese population,associated with booming urbanization and unfriendly living environment in recent years.This paper is a systematic review to investigate the neighborhood built environment factors correlated with physical activity in the Chinese population,including children and adolescents,adults,and the elderly.The Web of Science has been searched for articles in English,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure has been searched for articles in Chinese.A total of 35 articles published before January 2020 have been included in this review.Then these articles are studied with a focus on six major aspects-transportation,density,design,diversity,amenity,and walkability–finding that the neighborhood built environment factors related to physical activity vary across age groups and different types of neighborhoods.In the context of refined community governance,future research should make further explorations from aspects including different resident groups,local characteristics of neighborhoods,built environment characteristics,research design,and other relevant variables.

Impacts of Neighborhood Built Environment on Obesity and Related Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The identification of built environment elements in neighborhoods that have significant impacts on obesity is the basis for scientifically preventing obesity and related chronic diseases, as well as formulating and implementing spatial intervention policies. In recent years, studies on the relationship between neighborhood built environment and obesity and related behaviors have increased rapidly in China with preliminary progresses. This paper systematically reviews the empirical research on the impacts of neighborhood built environment on obesity and related behaviors which was done in China from 2011 to 2021 and selects 44 papers to extract, summarize, and quantitatively synthesize the research results by using the meta-analysis method and through the weighted Z-test. The meta-analysis shows that, according to their significance, the measured built environment elements in neighborhoods that have significant impacts on obesity and related behaviors are ranked in a descending order as accessibilitydensity of physical activity facilities, accessibility-density of bus stops/transit stations, street connectivity–crossing density, and mixed land use rate–destination amount. Meanwhile, the elements of residential density–population density, accessibility-distance to bus stops/transit stations, and accessibility-distance to physical activity facilities do not show remarkable statistic difference. This implies that community planning should highlight the measures of increasing land use for sports facilities and green spaces, improving public transport system, optimizing road network, and strengthening mixed land use to build healthy communities that can facilitate the prevention of obesity.

基于小学学龄儿童户外休闲活动实态调查的邻里建成环境优化设计研究

以哈尔滨市为例,采取问卷调研方式获取小学学龄儿童的邻里户外休闲活动特征以及家长对于邻里建成环境的主观感知情况。在此基础上,采用多元线性回归模型探究影响儿童户外休闲活动的关键环境感知要素。实证研究结果证实了游憩设施设置、街道交通流量等因素对于儿童户外活动频次与时长的显著影响。最终结合调研结果提出优化设计建议。