Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

Comparative Study of Environmental Institutional Framework and Setup in the GCC States

Establishing environmental institutions will aid in providing effective responses on any changes in the status of environment by improving the current policies by having solid management strategies to combat environmental degradation. All the six member countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have established similar environmental institutional bodies that serve with the mandate of conserving and protecting the environment. Degrees of implementation, wealth, state of environment reporting and strategic planning are varying and closer inspection has to be done. Institutionalization in GCC states has to be promoted to cover major framework of sustainable development strategies. This will guarantee the use-effectiveness of those polices and other environmental management tools to ensure sustainable development of the natural resources. This paper attempts to list and examine the current status of all GCC country’s environment institutional framework and setup through comparison of the available information, highlighting the achievement of some and providing some guidance for others on how it could be enhanced.

Blockchain Governance: The Development and Application of a Framework for Waqf Institutions

The effectiveness of waqf administration is impeded by poor management of assets,opacity,and unstandardized reporting.Blockchain is expected to solve these issues due to its ability to record and trace every transaction,allowing administrators to discharge their accountability to waqf stakeholders.While there have been numerous proposals for waqf blockchain,there is no explicit framework for the governance of blockchain in waqf institutions.We propose a governance of blockchain framework for waqf institutions based on IT governance dimensions and blockchain governance dimensions from the literature.The framework comprises three dimensions(formation and context,actors,and means of governance/decision making)that subsume eight sub-dimensions across three layers and three stages.We then apply the framework on a blockchain-based waqf organization to examine its usefulness.The framework is among the first to be designed for waqf institutions.

Chinese Comprehensive Rural Reform: Institutional Vicissitude, Theoretic Framework and Content Structure

The social and economic development level of rural areas, the productivity of agriculture and the life quality of farmers were always the greatest concerns of Chinese Central Government. Therefore, the research related to rural areas, agriculture and farmers had remained as the prominent parts for a long period and would continue to be prominent in the future to build China into a moderately prosperous nation in an all-round way. Chinese rural area had constantly experienced three significant system reforms since 1978, namely the reform of rural management system, the rural tax and fee reform and the rural comprehensive reform. This paper attempted to analyze the theoretic framework and the content structure of the comprehensive rural reform since it was the higher stage of rural institutional vicissitude, which had changed the governance and operation system and thus promoted the great changes to fundamental social and economic system in rural areas. The theoretic framework of comprehensive rural reform covered three aspects in its content, namely the rural governance theory, the government function theory and the public finance theory. The comprehensive rural reform was a complicated system engineering with multiple dimensions and targets mainly including rural political restructuring, rural economic restructuring and rural public products allocation restructuring. The reform had focused on enhancing the vitality of agricultural and rural development, breaking through the urban and rural binary system, and further reducing the disparity between cities and countrysides, so as to realize the urban-rural integration. It was necessary to clarify and understand the key mechanism and intrinsic logic of the rural comprehensive reform, which was helpful to establish the foundation constituted by scientific methodology to implement the reform and evaluation criterion to judge the reform performance.

Assessment of Institutional and Legal Framework for Sustainable Land Use Management Practices in Ashi River Watershed,China

Nonpoint source(NPS)pollutants resulting from land degradation(LD)have been a key influential factor on the deterioration of water quality.Consequently,sustainable land use management(SLM)practices have been employed to reduce the impacts of LD globally.However,the adoption of SLM practices is often not effective to protect water resources despite its capability of improving water quality.Empirically,evidence shows that activities of land users directly influence SLM practices and NPS pollution of water resources in watersheds,but invariably this has not been clearly understood.Understanding how SLM practices adoption could prevent NPS pollution of water resources in watershed is a necessity.Therefore,the primary aim of the investigation is to comprehend the status of SLM practices with the legal framework supporting the adoption of such practices in the Ashi River watershed.A survey instrument involving structured questionnaire was implemented to collect data.A randomly based lottery method was applied to sample information from 150 land users in two control units’communities.Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data.This research revealed that there is low adoption of SLM practices of the study site.The low adoption is due to weak capacity building and enforcement of regulations in the watershed.Occupation and age of the residents are the strongest predictors of SLM adoption rate.Residents connected with farming are more sensitive to the adoption status of SLM.It is our recommendation that policy makers should ensure capacity building,and enforcement of regulations can specifically compel farmers to adopt SLM technologies.This approach would complement other strategies to solve the NPS pollution issue of Ashi River.

构建推动新质生产力加快发展的制度框架

从人类社会生产力发展的历史来看,新质生产力本质上是先进生产力的一种质态。如果说新兴生产力的发展是对人类体力劳动的替代和解放的话,那么新质生产力则是在一定程度上对人类脑力劳动的替代和解放,因此将极大地提高社会生产力发展的水平。新质生产力的发展是一个过程,需要原创性、颠覆性科技创新与新质产业发展协同并进、共同发力。为推动新质生产力加快发展,需要建立和完善“顶层设计—战略规划—政策支持—制度保障”的多层次制度框架。在顶层设计层面,以新型举国体制推动原创性、颠覆性科技创新;在战略规划层面,从国家战略高度谋划布局,在国际竞争中抢占先机;在政策支持层面,金融支持、财政补贴和税收优惠等相互配合、协同发力;在制度保障层面,推动教育、科技、人才等领域的体制机制改革与分配体制和社会保障制度的完善。

数字技术促进村民参与乡村治理的作用机制——基于技术执行框架的案例研究

乡村数字治理实践中,技术应用对村民参与的促进机制有待深入探索。借鉴技术执行框架,通过一个乡村数字治理的典型案例研究发现,在数字平台建设中,乡镇政府融合了包括场景映射、技术容纳和便利互动的技术应用创新,以及利益兑现、治理整合和角色归位的制度创新。技术应用与制度创新共同面向参与的动力、行动与有效性,构成了按参与“分配”、功能集成,以及权能塑造的村民参与促进机制。作为启示,对乡村数字治理的研究和实践,应当关注数字技术执行阶段,注重技术应用与制度创新的协同作用。

县域义务教育优质均衡发展的整合性分析——基于制度分析与发展框架的应用

县域义务教育优质均衡发展是一个系统工程,其发展程度与县域的经济社会条件、教育相关制度、参与主体及其行动策略、评价准则等要素紧密相连,而既有研究对其复杂要素缺乏整合分析。因此,可借鉴制度分析与发展框架的“通用术语”,构建县域义务教育优质均衡发展的整合性分析框架,从外生变量、运行机制、改革结果及评价准则等方面整合县域义务教育改革的相关变量,并厘清变量之间的互动关系。这有助于县域开展义务教育优质均衡发展的整体设计,对义务教育优质均衡发展情况进行静态与动态分析,提升对发展中相关问题的解释力和预测力,完善发展机制和政策,在更大范围内和更高程度上实现县域义务教育优质均衡发展目标。

我国房屋养老金制度:背景与框架

房屋安全既是城市安全运行的重要组成部分,也是人民“安居”的重要保障。为破解房屋安全管理难题,强化房屋全生命周期的安全保障,应加快研究完善房屋安全全生命周期管理制度,包括研究建立房屋养老金制度。本文聚焦房屋养老金制度“为什么建”“建什么”“如何建”,梳理地方有益探索实践,重点分析房屋养老金资金来源和如何实施管理等关键问题,提出由公共账户、个人账户、补充账户三个账户组成的房屋养老金制度设计框架,明确房屋养老金的主要资金来源、适用范围、统筹使用等内容,进而提出有序推进房屋养老金制度实施的政策建议。

韩国职业教育制度认同的主要举措与经验借鉴

制度认同是指公众基于理性判断对制度所持的承认、肯定与支持,是提升国家治理效率和推动社会稳定发展的理念支撑和内生力量。韩国职业教育制度认同表现为公众对国家职业教育制度的价值观、制定、实施与评估机制方面的认同,形成了以法治保障为认同的基本依循、以资历框架为认同的质量保证、以证书制度为认同的内在动力、以技能制度为认同的创新之举,体现了由宏观到中观、由抽象到具体、由分散到全面的有序结构。以韩国系统完整的职业教育制度认同综合分析框架为鉴,我国应以依法治教为保障,夯实职教法律法规的制度认同根基;以学习成果为导向,完善国家资历框架的制度认同基础;以运行规范为标准,维护证书权威公信的制度认同力度;以多元诉求为纽带,构建创新技能机制的制度认同保障,不断提升职业教育社会认同,从而促进职业教育高质量发展。

乡村环境治理:制度、技术与效能——基于中央政策文本分析

基于新公共治理理论的“制度-技术-效能”框架,运用词频和词频聚类分析法,对1978—2022年中国中央政府机构关于乡村环境治理政策文件进行文本分析发现,乡村环境治理政策的阶段性演变逐步聚焦到治理效能,政策的制度设计走向系统化和协调性,技术工具转向开发和运用适用技术进行精细化治理,以实现乡村绿色发展和全面振兴的效能目标。为此,乡村环境治理实践应立足于治理区域的实际情况,强化治理机制的协同效能、提升数字化治理效能、增强适应性治理效能。

面向全流程的科研机构知识管理能力评价指标框架研究——以沈阳市12家国家级重点实验室为例

识别及提升知识管理能力是科研机构评价活动的核心任务,但由于不同科研机构之间存在着研究领域和管理体系的差异,跨机构的评价和经验共享存在诸多障碍。现有的知识管理能力评价体系多以科研成果或行政流程为主要指标,存在一些不容忽视的隐患。为此,基于资源基础观和动态能力理论,将知识作为核心管理资源,并将知识资源的相关管理流程作为评价知识管理能力的指标,通过系统文献综述及德尔菲方法梳理出一套包含6个环节、30项要素的全流程知识能力评价指标框架,采用该指标框架对沈阳市12家国家级重点实验室的知识管理能力进行横向评价,根据评价结果给出有针对性的管理及政策建议。研究表明:该指标框架既能从一个更完整、动态的角度了解科研机构的知识管理能力,还能为科研机构之间的横向比较、评估和政策指导提供便利;12家实验室在知识收集、存档、阐述和应用方面表现良好,但在知识的保留、分享、协作、创新以及转化方面存在较大改良空间。为此,应建立全面公正的评估机制,通过定期审计和评估来确保实验室达到预定的知识管理标准。

“大思政”格局下大中小学思政课一体化育人实效性探析

“大思政”格局下,思想政治课的育人实效日益凸显,依据我国国情来看,学生的校内思政课内容学习从小学、初中的义务教育阶段开始,并持续向更高的高中、职高、大学阶段推进,学习的内容和难度也呈现螺旋上升趋势。这就为从低到高一以贯之的“大思政”教学格局奠定了基础。本文从“大思政”格局入手,对当前我国大中小学思政课一体化育人的问题展开了探讨,并提出要从低到高抓好各个学龄段的思政教育,在各学科之间贯穿“大思政”思路,做好各个学科、各个学段的思政课程递进深化,并将思政育人的工作落实到位。

推进应急管理体系和能力现代化的制度框架及实践路径:基于社会共治的分析视角

随着风险社会的到来与治理现代化的推进,构建有效的应急管理体系成为提升社会治理能力的迫切需要。在传统的政府这一治理主体之外,通过社会共治能够实现治理主体的多元化,丰富治理工具和治理方式,为应急管理提供更多的方案选择与治理策略。社会共治以法律为前提、以平等自愿为基础、以多元主体协商合作为核心,强调党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、企业与公众参与。通过完善社会共治应急法律制度和责任体系、完善信息共享与沟通机制、健全资源保障体系与协同参与机制、健全应急教育制度体系等政策措施,能够为破解应急管理体系和能力现代化过程中法律制度不健全、多元主体协作机制不成熟、评估监督机制不完善等制度困境,从而构建风险社会下的应急管理社会共治体系,推动应急管理体系和能力现代化提供一种制度分析框架。

IAD框架下疫后老年参与社区服务的设计研究

为帮助老年群体应对疫后复苏阶段面临的困难,从感染的混乱期向反复期、常态期过渡。以制度分析与发展框架(IAD框架)作为分析工具,以社区服务为行动舞台,确认社区服务中需考虑的要素以及不同服务主体之间的关系,分析老年群体的行动困境。将疫后可能出现的问题划分为3个阶段,面对不同阶段情况,优化多元行动者的行动措施。在特殊时期帮助社区灵活应变,为应对各类公共卫生突发事件构建预防体系。在日常生活中提升社区服务水平、发挥老年群体的社会价值。

重新理解中国的行政区划:基于“机构—功能”框架的类型学分析

行政区划是国家治理的重要空间载体与政策工具,但其概念本身的模糊性及其内涵构成的异质性在理论上始终未得到充分的厘清。从政治学与行政学视角出发,将“机构”与“功能”视为理解行政区划的两种关键要素,并在此基础上构建“机构—功能”框架。该框架从政区是否设有一级政府以及是否行使特定行政管理功能两个角度,区分出主行政区划、辅行政区划、准行政区划与类行政区划四种类型。不同类型的行政区划作为政策工具有其各自的优势和劣势,其中主行政区划构成了国家治理的基本单元,其他三类行政区划则基于不同的治理情境设立,根本作用在于缓解主行政区划刚性与国家治理柔性之间的冲突,其空间视角有助于实现国家治理的有效与稳固运行。

农村土地调整的实现逻辑及影响因素——基于D村民小组的田野调查

以公共池塘资源治理为视角,借助制度分析与发展框架,通过一个村组的案例,采用理论分析法和案例分析法,探讨土地调整的内在逻辑和影响因素。研究发现,土地调整具有复杂的发生逻辑,单一因素难以决定其实现,而是多种因素的互动作用结果;村庄的自然物质条件、社会经济条件和通用制度规则等外部变量通过影响土地调整的交易成本,影响了土地调整的选择。在土地调整的过程中,土地调整的参与者数量越少,越容易达成决策和实践的统一。另外,调地传统为土地调整提供了非正式的制度依据,促成了土地调整的实现。研究结果展现了土地调整的成因与过程,提供了来自试点地区土地调整的经验证据,为理解农村的土地调整问题和二轮延包工作的顺利开展提供参考。

Fe基拉瓦锡骨架材料(MILs)的制备与应用进展

金属-有机骨架化合物(MOFs)是由无机金属离子或离子簇与有机配体配位而成的一类具有周期性网状结构的新型多孔晶体材料。在众多MOFs材料中,Fe基拉瓦锡骨架材料(MILs)因具有良好的生物相容性、独特的骨架柔性、突出的比表面积及高度稳定性,在医学、传感、催化等领域具有广泛的应用前景。研究者们通过合成方法创新、结构修饰以及与其他材料复合等方式对Fe基MILs的结构与性能进行优化,进一步提升了Fe基MILs及相关材料的实际应用效果、扩展了应用范围。该文从Fe基MILs的种类及其结构特征入手,重点综述了其常见的合成方法、调控因素及改性方法,总结了Fe基MILs在药物载体、传感、吸附和催化方面的应用进展,在此基础上讨论了Fe基MILs在上述领域中的应用优势及局限性,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

中国特色社会主义法治体系下的公务员录用“政审”制度:架构补充与标准完善

“政审”是党领导下的特定主体审查被审查者政治素质、政治思想、政治历史表现等事项的活动。“政审”作为公务员录用的必备环节,已被纳入国家法律法规和党内法规之中,但其制度架构仍不完整,实体标准也需进一步明确。作为一项中国特色的制度,政审制度架构和实体标准的完善不能仅仅满足传统的、建立在“政治—行政”二分基础上的行政法治要求,还必须秉持一种考虑了政党要素在内的政治法治相互融通的思维,在“变与不变”中综合考量。依此,可将“政治素质”从众多考察事项中独立,明确政审主体,完善政审程序,适度补充救济途径,使政审的制度架构更加完整。同时,要细化政审的对象范围和事项范围,进而通过对象事项交叉的方式确定政审的实体标准。作为一项制度代表,政审为一系列有党政融合色彩的制度的完善提供了借鉴,也为法治理论的本土化指明了部分方向。