Carbothermic reduction characteristics of ludwigite and boron–iron magnetic separation

Ludwigite is a kind of complex iron ore containing boron, iron, and magnesium, and it is the most promising boron resource in China. Selective reduction of iron oxide is the key step for the comprehensive utilization of ludwigite. In the present work, the reduction mechanism of ludwigite was investigated. The thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis and isothermal reduction of ludwigite/coal composite pellet were performed. Ludwigite yielded a lower reduction starting temperature and a higher final reduction degree compared with the traditional iron concentrates. Higher specific surface area and more fine cracks might be the main reasons for the better reducibility of ludwigite. Reducing temperature highly affected the reaction fraction and microstructure of the reduced pellets, which are closely related to the separation degree of boron and iron. Increasing reducing temperature benefited the boron and iron magnetic separation. Optimum magnetic separation results could be obtained when the pellet was reduced at 1300°C. The separated boron-rich non-magnetic concentrate presented poor crystalline structure, and its extraction efficiency for boron reached 64.3%. The obtained experimental results can provide reference for the determination of the comprehensive utilization flow sheet of ludwigite.

Study on Electrochemical Formation of Neodymium-Iron Alloy

The cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrode processes of Nd(III) reduced on iron electrode and Nd(III),Fe(II) reduced on molybdenum electrode in molten chlorides. The Nd-Fe and Nd-rich RE-Fe alloys contained rare earth up to 90wt% were prepared by consumable cathode and electrolytic codeposition. The mechanism of electrochemical formation of Nd-Fe alloy had been discussed.

EPR and Magnetic Susceptibility Investigation of Fe Ions in B_2O_3-SrF_2 Glass Matrix

The structural and magnetic properties of an oxide-fluoride mixed vitreous matrix 2B2O3-SrF2, were explored by using Fe impurities as probes. Information about the structural units involving iron ions, their valence state, the strengths and type of interactions involving them was obtained using EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

预浸对烧结钕铁硼HEDP电镀铜的影响

[目的]烧结钕铁硼(Nd Fe B)的电镀前处理技术还不够成熟,开发适宜的前处理工艺极其重要。[方法]在电镀铜前,先采用以羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)为主配位剂的溶液对NdFeB进行预浸。预浸液组成和工艺条件为:HEDP 20~30 g/L,氢氧化钾20~25 g/L,碳酸钾10~15 g/L,葡萄糖酸钾1~2 g/L,乙酸0.5~1.0 g/L,室温,时间60 s。通过电化学测试对比了Nd Fe B基体有无预浸处理时,铜在其表面的电沉积行为,并通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪和荧光光谱测厚仪,对比了有无预浸处理的Nd FeB基体表面Cu镀层的宏观和微观表面形貌、截面形貌、元素分布及厚度分布均匀性。[结果]Nd Fe B基体预浸后表面被活化,静态电位降低。预浸液能够填满基体表面的孔隙并形成一层水薄膜,在后续电镀铜时保护基体不被腐蚀。预浸处理的Nd Fe B基体表面所得Cu镀层均匀、致密,不易氧化发黑,结合力和耐蚀性较好。[结论]对烧结钕铁硼进行预浸处理,能够保证其在后续电镀铜过程不被腐蚀,提高Cu镀层的综合性能。

HEDP浓度对烧结钕铁硼碱性无氰镀铜的影响

[目的]烧结钕铁硼(NdFeB)磁体在声电磁性器件中的应用日益广泛,但其耐蚀性较差,一般需要进行有效的表面处理以提高其耐腐蚀性能和使用寿命。[方法]采用以羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)为主配位剂的碱性无氰体系对烧结Nd Fe B磁体表面电镀铜。研究了HEDP质量浓度对Cu镀层外观、表面粗糙度、厚度、结合力和耐蚀性的影响。[结果]HEDP的质量浓度为100~150 g/L时所得Cu镀层表面较光亮,厚度约为1.55μm,表面粗糙度较低,结合力和耐蚀性最佳。[结论]适宜的HEDP浓度有利于获得综合性能较好的Cu镀层。

离子液体电沉积铝及其合金在NdFeB永磁体表面的应用

[目的]近年来,在材料表面电沉积轻质、耐腐蚀和低成本的铝及铝合金备受关注。离子液体以其高导电性、宽电化学窗口和低毒性,被视为环保电解液的首选。采用离子液体电沉积铝及铝合金能有效提升材料的耐蚀性和力学性能,这为低耐蚀性NdFeB永磁体材料的应用提供了新思路。[方法]综述了以AlCl3为主盐的离子液体在铝及铝合金电沉积工艺、机理及应用的最新进展,重点介绍了该技术在NdFeB永磁体中的研究和应用现状,指出了目前存在的问题。[结果]离子液体电沉积铝及铝合金在NdFeB永磁体表面的应用以Al及Al-Mn合金为主。[结论]尽管将离子液体电沉积铝及铝合金作为NdFeB永磁体表面防护已受到业界的广泛关注,并取得了一定的进展,但成本高、镀液黏度大、沉积难等问题仍亟待解决。

赣州市钕铁硼永磁材料产业现状及发展建议

赣州市,拥有丰富的稀土资源,也是一个重要的稀土材料产业基地,对于该产业的发展具有重要的影响。然而,随着环保要求的提高、市场竞争的加剧,该产业也面临着诸多问题和挑战。因此,本文试图通过实地调查,深入了解该产业的现状,发现其存在的问题和瓶颈。同时,本文从产业政策、市场前景、技术创新等多个角度进行分析和讨论,旨在提出有针对性的发展建议,为赣州市钕铁硼永磁材料产业的可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。

Recovery of boron from high-boron iron concentrate using reduction roasting and magnetic separation

The comprehensive utilization of abundant high-boron iron concentrate is of particular significance to Chi- na, and the high-boron iron concentrate has not yet been utilized as a source for boron at an industrial scale due to its complex mineralogy and fine mineral dissemination. An innovative method was proposed for recovery of boron and iron from high-boron iron concentrate by reduction roasting and magnetic sepa- ration. The effects of reduction temperature and roasting time were investigated and their optimum condi- tions were determined. The mineralogical changes during roasting were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results showed that the pyrrhotite （FeS） contained in the high-boron iron concentrate and the new-formed FeS-Fe solid solution softened or melted at high temperatures owing to their low melting points, and then decreased the metallic iron ratio and accelerated the growth of metallic iron particles. Meanwhile, the magnetite and szaibelyite were converted into metal- lic iron and suanite, respectively. Consequently, boron was readily enriched into the non-magnetic product and the metallic iron was aggregated to the magnetic concentrate by magnetic separation. Boron recovery of 88.6% with corresponding B2O3 content of 14.5% and iron recovery of 95.1% with an iron grade of 92.7% were achieved when high-boron iron concentrate was reduced at 1 125℃ for 150 min. Besides, the boron reactivity of the boron-rich non-magnetic product was up to 80.8%.

不同镀层上镀电镀镍磷合金研究

稀土钕铁硼永磁材料在表面进行电镀镍磷合金镀层时,需要在稀土钕铁硼永磁材料表面预先电镀一层镀层,才能继续进行电镀镍磷合金;通过对比不同底层镀层基材上镀镍磷合金,对比镀层光泽度、粗糙度、镀速、百格、微观结构、磁衰、耐盐雾性,研究不同底层镀层对镍磷合金表面外观及性能的影响。实验表明,镍镀层上镀情况要优于铜镀层,多层镀层优于单层镀层。

烧结钕铁硼速凝薄片片厚差异现象改善研究

针对烧结钕铁硼速凝薄片出现片厚差异的现象,通过对坩埚浇注倾倒时序程序优化改善,设计增加浇注系统的结构组成,控制冷却铜辊的装配同轴度和中间包角度,使速凝薄片的片厚差异现象得到了改善。结果表明,出现片厚差异的速凝薄片的比例由原来的36.1%降低至6.7%,降低了29.4%。速凝薄片的片厚差值富集区域由原先的0.1 mm~0.15 mm降低至0.03 mm~0.06 mm,片厚差值平均值由原来的0.129 mm减小至现在的0.046 mm,减小了0.083 mm,改善效果显著。

不同磁场布置对空气自然对流的影响

为研究顺磁性气体介质在外磁场作用下自然对流换热的规律 ,进一步揭示热磁对流的实质 ,该文用数值方法模拟了两种钕铁硼永磁系统产生的磁场作用下二维封闭方腔内空气的自然对流换热 ,得到了工作空间内磁场强度和磁加速度的分布 ,获得了两种梯度磁场作用下空气自然对流的流场和温度场以及壁面局部对流换热系数。研究表明 ,不同的永磁系统布置可在工作空间形成不同的磁加速度分布 ,产生不同的磁场力 。

后处理对NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射铝薄膜耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射技术在烧结型Nd Fe B永磁体表面沉积Al薄膜,研究了喷丸和铬酸盐化学转化后处理方法对Al薄膜微观形貌和耐腐蚀性能的影响。研究表明,喷丸可以有效地减少铝薄膜的孔隙率,提高膜层的致密性;喷丸压力为0.20 MPa时,Al膜层的致密性最好且不会剥落;喷丸和化学转化复合后处理可以极大程度地提高Al薄膜的耐蚀性,其耐中性盐雾腐蚀时间可由镀态时的155 h提高到320 h。

CD34^+造血细胞免疫磁性高效富集仪CMSI-100的研制及应用

根据免疫磁性分离原理 ,选用能产生高磁场强的磁性材料钕铁硼 ,其核心是将其设计成由低碳钢间隔的 4块钕铁硼 ,并且使每块钕铁硼的规格必须限制在 3.5cm× 2 .0cm× 0 .3cm ,以确保每块钕铁硼平面所具有的磁场强度平均可达 2 70 0高斯。当所切磨的钕铁硼规格达不到该标准时 ,由此产生的磁场强度 >2 70 0高斯或 <2 70 0高斯 ,对CD34+造血细胞的分离效果均不理想。经对人正常骨髓CD34+ 造血细胞的免疫磁性分离证实 ,采用CMSI 10 0富集后的CD34+ 造血细胞纯度平均 >90 % ,细胞活力 >95 % ,达到国际上最好水平 ,其性能完全可与国际通用先进的IsolexTM5

磁性活性炭催化臭氧氧化降解水中甲基橙

通过浸渍法制备了钕铁硼磁性活性炭(Nd Fe B/AC),采用SEM和VSM技术对其进行了表征,并将其作为非均相催化剂用于臭氧氧化降解水中甲基橙(MO)。表征结果显示:Nd Fe B/AC具有硬磁特性;当m(Nd Fe B)∶m(AC)=1∶2时,其比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度分别为15.9 A·m2/kg和6.0 A·m2/kg,矫顽力可达104.5k A/m。实验结果表明:在Nd Fe B/AC投加量为3.0 g/L、初始溶液p H为5.0、初始MO质量浓度为20 mg/L、臭氧质量浓度为15.0 mg/L、室温的条件下反应40 min,MO降解率达93.9%,显著优于投加AC的64.4%;AC和Nd Fe B/AC催化臭氧氧化降解MO的反应过程均遵循一级动力学规律,且Nd Fe B/AC的反应速率常数为AC的近3倍。

烧结型钕铁硼电镀镍工艺

研究了不同处理工艺对烧结型钕铁硼电镀镍层性能的影响 ,通过对镀层孔隙率、结合力、耐蚀性等性能的测试 ,确定了封孔、除油、除锈、活化、化学镀镍打底、电镀镍工艺 ,并得到了光亮、孔隙率低。

钕铁硼永磁体电镀镍工艺优化及镀层性能

以钕铁硼永磁体为基体,电沉积制备镍镀层。以镍镀层的耐蚀性、结合力、显微硬度和腐蚀电位为性能指标,通过正交试验得到最优配方和工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 250 g/L,NiCl_2·6H_2O 30 g/L,H_3BO_3 35 g/L,糖精钠0.5 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)1 g/L,pH 5.0,电流密度2.0 A/dm2,温度50°C。在最佳工艺下制备的镍镀层结晶细致、均匀,结合力为9级,显微硬度为644.0 HV。与钕铁硼基体相比,Ni镀层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀电位正移了0.43 V,腐蚀电流密度降低了近2个数量级,表明电镀镍可提高钕铁硼的耐蚀性。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钕铁硼中铝、钴、铜、镓、锆、铽、钛、铌

建立了电感耦和等离子体质谱法测定钕铁硼中微量元素的方法。通过实验选择了测定质量数,测定Nb、Zr时,选择了氢氟酸加入量,并进行了测定酸度和基体效应实验。考察了以Rh、In、Cs和Tl为内标元素对仪器信号漂移和基体效应的校正,根据实验结果选择Cs为最佳校正内标。各元素测定下限为0.095-0.56 ng/mL,回收率为（n=20）为96%-108%。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）进行样品对照分析,结果一致。实际样品测定的RSD在2.7%-7.3%之间。

永磁材料及温度对内置式永磁电机性能及转矩脉动的影响

研究了不同的永磁材料及其温度对内置式永磁电机的性能影响。给出了现代牵引电机二维有限元瞬态模型,采用有限元方法计算了不同型号的铷铁硼永磁材料及不同温度时电机的转矩、转矩纹波及齿槽转矩,并对其进行了比较分析。其结论对电机设计研究者及工程师具有指导参考意义。

汽车用钕铁硼永磁发电机的稳压研究

通过对汽车用钕铁硼永磁发电机稳压原理的研究,采用高磁性钕铁硼永磁材料和新的电子技术,以及对发电机绕组的创新设计,使发电机输出电压稳定的直流电,解决了汽车低速照明问题和用电设施需用直流电的问题。

回火工艺对快淬钕铁硼永磁材料磁性能的影响

为了提高批量生产快淬烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的磁性能,采用二级回火工艺进行晶化热处理。在用快淬的方法生产成分为PrNd31B1.03NbxAlyCuzFe67.97-x-y-z的钕铁硼永磁材料过程中,研究了不同的回火工艺对快淬钕铁硼永磁材料磁性能的影响。用ATM-4磁化特征自动测量仪、XRD、SEM等对样品进行分析。采用二级回火工艺处理(920℃,恒温3 h,560℃,恒温5 h)生产出的钕铁硼永磁材料的各项磁性能为剩磁(Br)为1.40T、内禀矫顽力(Hcj)为1026.84 kA/m、最大磁能积((BH)max)为375.08 kJ/m3;与一级回火工艺处理永磁材料相比,磁性能分别提高了5.98%,21.79%和16.75%。