Dynamic in situ reconstruction of NiSe_(2) promoted by interfacial Ce_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)O for enhanced water oxidation

Understanding and manipulating the structural evolution of water oxidation electrocatalysts lays the foundation to finetune their catalytic activity.Herein,we present a synthesis of NiSe_(2)-Ce_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)O heterostructure and demonstrate the efficacy of interfacial Ce_(2)(CO_(3))2O in promoting the formation of catalytically active centers to improve oxygen evolution activity.In-situ Raman spectroscopy shows that incorporation of Ce_(2)(CO_(3))2O into NiSe_(2) causes a cathodic shift of the Ni^(2+)→Ni~(3+) transition potential.Operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that strong electronic coupling at heterogeneous interface accelerates charge transfer process.Furthermore,density functional theory calculations suggest that actual catalytic active species of NiOOH transformed from NiSe_(2),which is coupled with Ce_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)O,can optimize electronic structure and decrease the free energy barriers toward fast oxygen evolution reaction(OER) kinetics.Consequently,the resultant NiSe_(2)-Ce_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)O electrode exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic performance with low overpotentials(268/304 mV@50/100 mA cm^(-2)) and excellent stability(50 mA cm^(-2) for 120 h) in the alkaline electrolyte.This work emphasizes the significance of modulating the dynamic changes in developing efficient electrocatalyst.

Erectile function after urethral reconstruction

Advances in urogenital plastic surgical tissue transfer techniques have enabled urethral reconstruction surgery to become the new gold-standard for treatment of refractory urethral stricture disease. Questions remain, however, regarding the long-term implications on sexual function after major genital reconstructive surgery. In this article, we review the pathologic features of urethral stricture disease and urologic trauma that may affect erectile function （EF） and assess the impact of various specific contemporary urethroplasty surgical techniques on male sexual function.

Establishing minimum clinically important difference values for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction, and knee injury and osteoarthritis out

AIM To establish minimum clinically important difference(MCID) for measurements in an orthopaedic patient population with joint disorders.METHODS Adult patients aged 18 years and older seeking care for joint conditions at an orthopaedic clinic took the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function(PROMIS~? PF) computerized adaptive test(CAT), hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(HOOS JR), and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(KOOS JR) from February 2014 to April 2017. MCIDs were calculated using anchorbased and distribution-based methods. Patient reports of meaningful change in function since their first clinic encounter were used as an anchor.RESULTS There were 2226 patients who participated with a mean age of 61.16(SD = 12.84) years, 41.6% male, and 89.7% Caucasian. Mean change ranged from 7.29 to 8.41 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT, from 14.81 to 19.68 for the HOOS JR, and from 14.51 to 18.85 for the KOOS JR. ROC cut-offs ranged from 1.97-8.18 for the PF CAT, 6.33-43.36 for the HOOS JR, and 2.21-8.16 for the KOOS JR. Distribution-based methods estimated MCID values ranging from 2.45 to 21.55 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT; from 3.90 to 43.61 for the HOOS JR, and from 3.98 to 40.67 for the KOOS JR. The median MCID value in the range was similar to the mean change score for each measure and was 7.9 for the PF CAT, 18.0 for the HOOS JR, and 15.1 for the KOOS JR.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study providing a wide range of MCIDs for the PROMIS? PF, HOOS JR, and KOOS JR in orthopaedic patients with joint ailments.

Effect of suspension training on neuromuscular function, postural control, and knee kinematics in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients

BACKGROUND Suspension training(SET)is a method of neuromuscular training that enables the body to carry out active training under unstable support through a suspension therapy system.However,there have been few reports in the literature on the application of SET to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR)patients.It is not clear what aspects of the patient's function are improved after SET.AIM To investigate the effect of SET on the neuromuscular function,postural control,and knee kinematics of patients after ACLR surgery.METHODS Forty participants were randomized to an SET group or a control group.The SET group subjects participated in a SET protocol over 6 wk.The control group subjects participated in a traditional training protocol over 6 wk.Isokinetic muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings,static and dynamic posture stability test,and relative translation of the injured knee were assessed before and after training.RESULTS The relative peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in both groups increased significantly(P<0.001),and the SET group increased by a higher percentage than those in the control group(quadriceps:P=0.004;hamstrings:P=0.011).After training,both groups showed significant improvements in static and dynamic posture stability(P<0.01),and the SET group had a greater change than the control group(P<0.05).No significant improvement on the relative translation of the injured knee was observed after training in either group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Our findings show that SET promotes great responses in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and balance function in ACLR patients.

Diatom-based dissolved inorganic nitrogen reconstruction in the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent areas

A five-component weighted average partial least squares(WA-PLS)calibration model was developed by analysing diatom assemblages in 34 surface sediment samples(collected in 2015)from the Changjiang River estuary(CRE)and its adjacent areas to infer dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)concentrations.Eighteen additional sets of surface sediment diatoms and corresponding upper water DIN data(collected in 2012)were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model,and the relationship between observed and diatom-inferred DIN(DI-DIN)values(R2=0.85)illustrated the strong performance of the transfer function,indicating that precise reconstructions of former DIN are possible.The diatom-DIN transfer function was applied to the diatom record from a sediment core DH8-2(1962‒2012)collected in the Fujian-Zhejiang area south of the CRE.The reconstruction based on the DI-DIN model showed a significant DIN increase from 1962-2012,reflecting the influence of human activities on the very large increase in eutrophication.Three distinct periods can be seen from the changes in DIN and diatom taxa.In the 1962-1972 period,the DIN content was relatively low,with an average of 5.94μmol/L,and more than 80%of the diatom species identified were benthic taxa.In the 1972-2004 period,as the impact of human activities intensified,large nutrient inputs caused the DIN content to increase,with an average of 8.25μmol/L.The nutrient inputs also caused a significant change in the nutrient components and a distinct increase in small planktonic taxa.In the 2004-2012 period,the DIN content continued to rise,fluctuating at approximately 10μmol/L.A continuous increase in the frequency of planktonic taxa(up to 65.48%)indicated that eutrophication was further intensified,which was confirmed by the transformation from diatom-induced red tide to dinoflagellate-induced red tide during this period.

Sustainable functional urethral reconstruction:Maximizing early continence recovery in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

Objective:To evaluate the safety profile and short-term functional outcome of sustainable functional urethral reconstruction(SFUR)in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP).Methods:One hundred and sixty-two consecutive prostate cancer patients who underwent RARP were retrospectively analyzed,in which 53 had undergone SFUR while the other 109 had undergone conventional RARP procedures.Immediate,2-week,1-month and 3-month continence recovery and other perioperative data were compared to evaluate short-term surgical and functional outcome.Results:The median age was 68 and 67 years in the experimental group and control group,respectively(pZ0.206),with a median prostate-specific antigen(PSA)of 13.6 ng/mL(interquartile range[IQR],8.46e27.32 ng/mL)in the experimental group and 13.84 ng/mL(IQR,9.12e26.80 ng/mL)in control group(pZ0.846).Immediate,2-week,1-month and 3-month continence recovery rates between the groups were 34.0%vs.3.7%,50.9%vs.14.7%,62.3%vs.27.5%,and 79.2%vs.63.3%(all p<0.05).The morphological changes made by the new reconstruction technique were maintained on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)3 months postoperatively.Nerve-sparing procedures and adoption of the new reconstruction technique were significantly relevant to continence recovery on logistics regression model(p<0.001).Conclusions:SFUR is a safe and easy-to-handle modification that may contribute to early continence return for RARP.Long-term follow-up and prospective studies are required to further evaluate its value in postoperative quality-of-life improvement.

Surface Reconstruction of 3D Scattered Data with Radial Basis Functions

We use Radial Basis Functions （RBFs） to reconstruct smooth surfaces from 3D scattered data. An object＇s surface is defined implicitly as the zero set of an RBF fitted to the given surface data. We propose improvements on the methods of surface reconstruction with radial basis functions. A sparse approximation set of scattered data is constructed by reducing the number of interpolating points on the surface. We present an adaptive method for finding the off-surface normal points. The order of the equation decreases greatly as the number of the off-surface constraints reduces gradually. Experimental results are provided to illustrate that the proposed method is robust and may draw beautiful graphics.

Efficient seismic data reconstruction based on Geman function minimization

Seismic data typically contain random missing traces because of obstacles and economic restrictions,influencing subsequent processing and interpretation.Seismic data recovery can be expressed as a low-rank matrix approximation problem by assuming a low-rank structure for the complete seismic data in the frequency–space(f–x)domain.The nuclear norm minimization(NNM)(sum of singular values)approach treats singular values equally,yielding a solution deviating from the optimal.Further,the log-sum majorization–minimization(LSMM)approach uses the nonconvex log-sum function as a rank substitution for seismic data interpolation,which is highly accurate but time-consuming.Therefore,this study proposes an efficient nonconvex reconstruction model based on the nonconvex Geman function(the nonconvex Geman low-rank(NCGL)model),involving a tighter approximation of the original rank function.Without introducing additional parameters,the nonconvex problem is solved using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition theory.Experiments using synthetic and field data demonstrate that the proposed NCGL approach achieves a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the singular value thresholding method based on NNM and the projection onto convex sets method based on the data-driven threshold model.The proposed approach achieves higher reconstruction efficiency than the singular value thresholding and LSMM methods.

Optical Transfer Function Reconstruction in Incoherent Fourier Ptychography

An optical transfer function （OTF） reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography （IFP）. The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously. This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the superior reconstruction is presented. We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems＇ aberrations.

Grain production space reconstruction and land system function tradeoffs in China

Grain production space reconstruction referred to the changes in the quantity,quality and pattern of grain produc-tion space caused by functional tradeoffs and conflicts between grain production space,urban-rural development space,and ecological service space.Exploring tradeoffs between land system functions caused by grain produc-tion space reconstruction was particularly important for ensuring food security,promoting the construction of ecological civilization,and achieving sustainable development.Therefore,this study identified four relationships of land system functions during the process of grain production space reconstruction(1980-2018)in China by using Set Pair Analysis.Research results showed that the reconstruction of grain production space was achieved mainly through three pathways:Grain for Green,deforestation and reclamation,and urban expansion.Generally,ecological service had spatial negative correlation with grain production,economic development and population carrying capacity(P<0.01),but grain production,economic development and population carrying capacity were positively correlated with each other(P<0.01).In the process of grain production space reconstruction,eco-logical services and economic development,ecological services and population carrying capacity had all shown inverse synergies;there was a tradeoffbetween grain production and ecological services,a codirectional tradeoffbetween grain production and economic development,but a strong synergy between economic development and population carrying capacity.However,the functions of land systems only appeared as synergies or tradeoffs,and there were no inverse synergies and codirectional tradeoffs in the separate processes of Grain for Green,deforestation and reclamation,and urban expansion.It can be concluded that the relationships between land system functions were relatively simple in a single process,but it became complex and diverse when multiple processes were integrated for system analysis.

Radial Basis Function Based Implicit Surface Reconstruction Interpolating Arbitrary Triangular Mesh

In this paper,we present an approach for smooth surface reconstructions interpolating triangular meshes with ar- bitrary topology and geometry.The approach is based on the well-known radial basis functions (RBFs) and the constructed surfaces are generalized thin-plate spline surfaces.Our algorithm first defines a pair of offset points for each vertex of a given mesh to en- hance the controUability of local geometry and to assure stability of the construction.A linear system is then solved by LU decomposi- tion and the implicit governing equation of interpolating surface is obtained.The constructed surfaces finally are visualized by a Marching Cubes based polygonizer.The approach provides a robust and efficient solution for smooth surface reconstruction from various 3 D meshes.

Multi-group pin power reconstruction method based on colorset form functions

A multi-group pin power reconstruction method that fully exploits nodal information obtained from global coarse mesh solution has been developed.It expands the intra-nodal flux distributions into nonseparable semi-analytic basis functions,and a colorset based form function generating method is proposed,which can accurately model the spectral interaction occurring at assembly interface.To demonstrate its accuracy and applicability to realistic problems, the new method is tested against two benchmark problems,including a mixed-oxide fuel problem.The results show that the new method is comparable in accuracy to fine-mesh methods.

Functional reconstruction following brachial plexus root avulsion

OBJECTIVE： To sum up the treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion and the progress in functional reconstruction and rehabilitation following brachial plexus root avulsion. DATA SOURCES： A search of Medline was performed to select functional reconstruction and rehabilitation following brachial plexus injury-related English articles published between January 1990 and July 2006, with key words of ＂brachial plexus injury, reconstruction and rehabilitation＂. Meanwhile, a computer-based search of CBM was carried out to select the similar Chinese articles published between January 1998 and July 2006, with key words of ＂brachial plexus injury, reconstruction and rehabilitation＂. STUDY SELECTION： The materials were checked primarily, and the literatures of functional reconstruction and rehabilitation of brachial plexus injury were selected and the full texts were retrieved. Inclusive criteria： ①Functional reconstruction following brachial plexus injury. ②Rehabilitation method of brachial plexus injury. Exclusive criteria： Reviews, repetitive study, and Meta analytical papers. DATA EXTRACTION： Forty-six literatures about functional reconstruction following brachial plexus injury were collected, and 36 of them met the inclusive criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS： Brachial plexus injury causes the complete or incomplete palsy of muscle of upper extremity. The treatment of brachial plexus is to displace not very important nerves to the distal end of very important nerve, called nerve transfer, which is an important method to treat brachial plexus injury. Postoperative rehabilitations consist of sensory training and motor functional training. It is very important to keep the initiativeness of exercise. Besides recovering peripheral nerve continuity by operation, combined treatment and accelerating neural regeneration, active motors of cerebral cortex is also the important factor to reconstruct peripheral nerve function. CONCLUSION： Consciously and actively strengthening functional exercise after operation is helpful to form cerebral plasticity and produce voluntary movements, can re-educate re-dominated muscle, obviously improves postoperative therapeutic effect and promote functional reconstruction.

Movement Function Assessment Based on Human Pose Estimation from Multi-View

Human pose estimation is a basic and critical task in the field of computer vision that involves determining the position(or spatial coordinates)of the joints of the human body in a given image or video.It is widely used in motion analysis,medical evaluation,and behavior monitoring.In this paper,the authors propose a method for multi-view human pose estimation.Two image sensors were placed orthogonally with respect to each other to capture the pose of the subject as they moved,and this yielded accurate and comprehensive results of three-dimensional(3D)motion reconstruction that helped capture their multi-directional poses.Following this,we propose a method based on 3D pose estimation to assess the similarity of the features of motion of patients with motor dysfunction by comparing differences between their range of motion and that of normal subjects.We converted these differences into Fugl–Meyer assessment(FMA)scores in order to quantify them.Finally,we implemented the proposed method in the Unity framework,and built a Virtual Reality platform that provides users with human–computer interaction to make the task more enjoyable for them and ensure their active participation in the assessment process.The goal is to provide a suitable means of assessing movement disorders without requiring the immediate supervision of a physician.

Green’s Function Technique and Global Optimization in Reconstruction of Elliptic Objects in the Regular Triangle

The reconstruction problem for elliptic voids located in the regular (equilateral) triangle is studied. A known point source is applied to the boundary of the domain, and it is assumed that the input data is obtained from the free-surface input data over a certain finite-length interval of the outer boundary. In the case when the boundary contour of the internal object is unknown, we propose a new algorithm to reconstruct its position and size on the basis of the input data. The key specific character of the proposed method is the construction of a special explicit-form Green's function satisfying the boundary condition over the outer boundary of the triangular domain. Some numerical examples demonstrate good stability of the proposed algorithm.

Multi-Factorial Functional Analysis of the Patients with Reconstruction for Oral Carcinoma

This paper is to evaluate postoperative function which has undergone reconstruction with vascularized or pedicled flaps for the treatment of oral carcinomas. The subjects consisted of 22 cases of 17 male and 5 female patients, and their mean age was 55 years. The sites of reconstruction were the tongue in 12 cases, mandible in 10 cases. The reconstruction was performed using deltopectoral (DP) flaps in 6 cases, pectoralis major musculo cutaneous (PMMC) flaps in 3 cases, DP flap + PMMC flap in one case, forearm (FA) flaps in 8 cases and peroneal (P) flaps with fibula in 4 cases. Postoperative masticatory, speech, swallowing functions and facial appearance were evaluated by Multi-factorial analysis. All functional results seem to be related to the type of resection. By multi-factorial analysis, the type of mandibular resection, flap area, and anterior resection were related to the masticatory or speech function in tongue resection. In mandibular resection, masticatory function was subjected to age;speech function was subjected to type of mandibular resection and plate reconstruction. The facial appearance was subjected to flap area. These results suggested that postoperative function was not related to only one factor, but using the classification of each defect site as one of the factor of multi-factorial analysis was useful.

The Functional Analysis on the Reconstruction of the Interpersonal Coherence in E-C Translation Teaching

The interpersonal coherence reconstruction will be applied into the translation study sample intending to explore those coherence features the translator represents in the version, aiming to find out how those coherence features as well as the significance of the coherence reconstruction be presented by analyzing the translation sample. It may shed new light on the application of dis? course coherence to translation teaching and study at interpersonal level.

Functional meniscus reconstruction with biological and biomechanical heterogeneities through topological self-induction of stem cells

Meniscus injury is one of the most common sports injuries within the knee joint,which is also a crucial pathogenic factor for osteoarthritis(OA).The current meniscus substitution products are far from able to restore meniscal biofunctions due to the inability to reconstruct the gradient heterogeneity of natural meniscus from biological and biomechanical perspectives.Here,inspired by the topology self-induced effect and native meniscus microstructure,we present an innovative tissue-engineered meniscus(TEM)with a unique gradient-sized diamond-pored microstructure(GSDP-TEM)through dual-stage temperature control 3D-printing system based on the mechanical/biocompatibility compatible high M_(w) poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL).Biologically,the unique gradient microtopology allows the seeded mesenchymal stem cells with spatially heterogeneous differentiation,triggering gradient transition of the extracellular matrix(ECM)from the inside out.Biomechanically,GSDP-TEM presents excellent circumferential tensile modulus and load transmission ability similar to the natural meniscus.After implantation in rabbit knee,GSDP-TEM induces the regeneration of biomimetic heterogeneous neomeniscus and efficiently alleviates joint degeneration.This study provides an innovative strategy for functional meniscus reconstruction.Topological self-induced cell differentiation and biomechanical property also provides a simple and effective solution for other complex heterogeneous structure reconstructions in the human body and possesses high clinical translational potential.

Micromorphological characterization and random reconstruction of 3D particles based on spherical harmonic analysis

The microscopic characteristics of skeletal particles in rock and soil media have important effects on macroscopic mechanical properties. A mathematical procedure called spherical harmonic function analysis was here developed to characterize micromorphology of particles and determine the meso effects in a discrete manner. This method has strong mathematical properties with respect to orthogonality and rotating invariance. It was used here to characterize and reconstruct particle micromorphology in three-dimensional space. The applicability and accuracy of the method were assessed through comparison of basic geometric properties such as volume and surface area. The results show that the micromorphological characteristics of reproduced particles become more and more readily distinguishable as the reproduced order number of spherical harmonic function increases, and the error can be brought below 5% when the order number reaches 10. This level of precision is sharp enough to distinguish the characteristics of real particles. Reconstructed particles of the same size but different reconstructed orders were used to form cylindrical samples, and the stress-strain curves of these samples filled with different-order particles which have their mutual morphological features were compared using PFC3D. Results show that the higher the spherical harmonic order of reconstructed particles, the lower the initial compression modulus and the larger the strain at peak intensity. However, peak strength shows only a random relationship to spherical harmonic order. Microstructure reconstruction was here shown to be an efficient means of numerically simulating of multi-scale rock and soil media and studying the mechanical properties of soil samples.