Design and assembly of a nested imaging X-ray telescope for the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor mission

The Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) mission will carry a nested X-ray telescope capable of observing an energy range from 0.5 keV to 2 keV to study hot baryon evolution. In this paper, we report the latest progress in the design and construction of nested X-ray telescopes which were designed to use a three-stage conic-approximation type assembly to simplify the manufacturing process. The mirror substrate is made using the thermal glass slumping method, with mirrors characterized by a root-mean-square roughness of 0.3 nm, with expected high reflectivity and good thermal stability. We also discuss methods of telescope construction and conduct a deformation analysis of the manufactured mirror. The in situ measurement system program is developed to guide the telescope assembly process.

Nested Levels of Hybrid Cryptographical Technique for Secure Information Exchange

Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.

Multiple Emitters Localization by UAV with Nested Linear Array:System Scheme and 2D-DOA Estimation Algorithm

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)equipped with uniform linear array has been applied to multiple emitters localization.Meanwhile,nested linear array enables to enhance localization resolution and achieve under-determined Direction of Arrival(DOA)estimation.In this paper,we propose a new system structure for emitters localization that combines the UAV with nested linear array,which is capable of significantly increasing the positioning accuracy of interested targets.Specifically,a localization scheme is designed to obtain the paired two-dimensional DOA(2D-DOA,i.e.azimuth and elevation angles)estimates of emitters by nested linear array with UAV.Furthermore,we propose an improved DOA estimation algorithm for emitters localization that utilizes Discrete Fourier Transform(DFT)method to obtain coarse DOA estimates,subsequently,achieve the fine DOA estimates by sparse representation.The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity because the coarse DOA estimates enable to shrink the range of over-complete dictionary of sparse representation.In addition,compared to traditional uniform linear array,improved 2D-DOA estimation performance of emitters can be obtained with a nested linear array.Extensive simulation results testify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A Nested Case-Control Study to Explore the Association between Immunoglobulin G N-glycans and Ischemic Stroke

Objective This study prospectively investigates the association between immunoglobulin G(IgG)N-glycan traits and ischemic stroke(IS) risk.Methods A nested case-control study was conducted in the China suboptimal health cohort study,which recruited 4,313 individuals in 2013–2014. Cases were identified as patients diagnosed with IS, and controls were 1:1 matched by age and sex with cases. Ig G N-glycans in baseline plasma samples were analyzed.Results A total of 99 IS cases and 99 controls were included, and 24 directly measured glycan peaks(GPs) were separated from Ig G N-glycans. In directly measured GPs, GP4, GP9, GP21, GP22, GP23, and GP24 were associated with the risk of IS in men after adjusting for age, waist and hip circumference,obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Derived glycan traits representing decreased galactosylation and sialylation were associated with IS in men(FBG2S2/(FBG2 + FBG2S1 + FBG2S2): odds ratio(OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.87–0.97;G1n: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63–0.87;G0n: OR =1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.22). However, these associations were not found among women.Conclusion This study validated that altered Ig G N-glycan traits were associated with incident IS in men, suggesting that sex discrepancies might exist in these associations.

Modelling the nesting-habitat of threatened vulture species in the caucasus:An ecosystem approach to formalising environmental factors in species distribution models

Abiotic factors play an important role in species localisation,but biotic and anthropogenic predictors must also be considered in distribution modelling for models to be biologically meaningful.In this study,we formalised the biotic predictors of nesting sites for four threatened Caucasian vultures by including species distribution models(wild ungulates,nesting tree species)as biotic layers in the vulture Maxent models.Maxent was applied in the R dismo package and the best set of the model parameters were defined in the R ENMeval package.Performance metrics were continuous Boyce index,Akaike's information criterion,the area under receiver operating curve and true skill statistics.We also calculated and evaluated the null models.Kernel density estimation method was applied to assess the overlap of vulture ecological niches in the environmental space.The accessibility of anthropogenic food resources was estimated using the Path Distance measure that considers elevation gradient.The availability of pine forests(Scots Pine)and wild ungulates(Alpine Chamois and Caucasian Goat)contributed the most(29.6%and 34.3%)to Cinereous Vulture(Aegypius monachus)nesting site model.Wild ungulate distribution also contributed significantly(about 46%)to the Bearded Vulture(Gypaetus barbatus)model.This scavenger nests in the highlands of the Caucasus at a minimum distance of 5–10 km from anthropogenic facilities.In contrast,livestock as a food source was most important in colony distribution of Griffon Vulture(Gyps fulvus).The contribution of distances to settlements and agricultural facilities to the model was 45%.The optimal distance from Egyptian Vulture(Neophron percnopterus)nesting sites to settlements was only 3–10 km,to livestock facilities no more than 15 km with the factor contribution of about 57%.Excluding the wild ungulate availability,the ecological niches of studied vultures overlapped significantly.Despite similar foraging and nesting requirements,Caucasian vultures are not pronounced nesting and trophic competitors due to the abundance of nesting sites,anthropogenic food sources and successful niche sharing.

Reduced risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using Chinese herbal medicine:A nested case-control study

BACKGROUND Dementia is a prevalent condition in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.While Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)is often employed as complementary therapy for glycemic control,its effect in controlling likelihood of dementia has not yet been fully elucidated.AIM To compare the risk of dementia between T2DM patients with and without CHM treatment.METHODS We undertook a nested case-control study and obtained data on patients 20-70 years of age who received medical care for T2DM between 2001 and 2010 from the National Health Insurance Research database in Taiwan.Cases,defined as those with dementia that occurred at least one year after the diagnosis of T2DM,were randomly matched to controls without dementia from the study cohort at a 1:1 ratio.We applied conditional logistic regression to explore the associations between CHM treatment and dementia.RESULTS A total of 11699 dementia cases were matched to 11699 non-dementia controls.We found that adding CHM to conventional care was related to a lower risk of dementia[adjusted odds ratio(OR)=0.51],and high-intensity CHM treatment was associated with an adjusted OR of 0.22.CONCLUSION This study shows that the cumulative CHM exposure was inversely associated with dementia risk in an exposureresponse manner,implying that CHM treatment may be embraced as a disease management approach for diabetic patients to prevent dementia.

Use the Power of a Genetic Algorithm to Maximize and Minimize Cases to Solve Capacity Supplying Optimization and Travelling Salesman in Nested Problems

Using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) is a powerful tool to get solution to large scale design optimization problems. This paper used GA to solve complicated design optimization problems in two different applications. The aims are to implement the genetic algorithm to solve these two different (nested) problems, and to get the best or optimization solutions.

考虑健康信念的游客分时预约行为分析

为探索新冠肺炎疫情背景下景区分时预约策略、游客健康信念和风险预防行为之间的关系,需考虑健康信念,分析疫情防控期间游客分时预约行为机理。采用意愿调查法获取旅游信息、健康信念、分时预约行为意向数据,分析各预约时段余票比例和门票预售期等信息对游客分时预约行为的影响。基于Nested Logit(NL)模型,建立考虑健康信念的游客游玩日期-时段预约选择联合模型,并进行敏感性分析。结果表明:预约信息、健康信念对游客预约节假日或非节假日游玩有显著影响;票价、各预约时段余票比例和健康信念对游客游玩时段预约选择行为有显著影响。游客感知新冠的严重性由1上升至5时,选择节假日出行的概率由30.46%下降至12.28%。研究可为景区分时预约策略的制定提供参考依据。

重大节假日出行方式选择模型研究

为优化节假日高速公路免费政策,选取出行者变量、出行方式相关变量和行程特性变量作为效用变量,构建了出行方式位于上层、出行距离位于下层的NL模型。利用弧弹性法分析不同收费标准和收费里程条件下出行者的行为特性,并利用场景仿真评价多种收费组合对出行方式的影响。研究结果表明:提高收费标准,汽车出行比例会显著降低,且高速铁路承担了大部分的转移交通量。随着收费里程的增加,出行者逐渐倾向于出行成本较小的普通铁路。对长距离出行收费可以提升公共交通分担率,缓解节假日高速公路的交通拥堵。

应用PCR及Nested-PCR技术检测柑橘黄龙病病原研究

以采自田间和广东省农业科学院果树研究所防虫隔离网室内嫁接并感染黄龙病的5个柑橘品种叶片为材料,以草本指示植物长春花(Catharanthusroseas)和木本指示植物柑(CitrusreticulataBlanco)鉴定为基础,采用改良的CTAB法提取总DNA,在此基础上进行常规PCR与NestedPCR检测,并对特异目的片段进行克隆、测序。试验证明NestedPCR比常规PCR的灵敏度更高。这两种方法均可以检测出未显症的黄龙病材料,但NestedPCR可以在木本指示植物嫁接后40d左右、草本指示植物摩擦接种1个月左右检测到病原;而常规PCR在木本植物嫁接后60d左右、草本植物摩擦接种近2个月左右才能检测到病原。常规PCR所能检测到的最低DNA的量为pg数量级;NestedPCR检测病原DNA灵敏度约为常规PCR的104倍。

RP/SP融合数据的Mixed Logit和Nested Logit模型估计对比

分析了RP/SP(revealed preference/stated preference)融合数据对交通行为研究的重要性,通过实际调查的RP/SP融合数据,对比了用Mixed Logit和Nested Logit模型的估计结果.得出了以下结论:RP/SP融合数据中,有时同类型交通方式的关联性要比RP和SP数据之间的关联性强,应用不同的Nested Logit模型分层方法进行估计对比;Mixed Logit考虑了个体的异质性,假定参数为随机分布,同时体现了RP/SP数据的关联性和同类型交通方式的关联性,能够得到更好的参数估计结果;Mixed Logit模型能更现实地反映不同交通方式使用者对时间和费用敏感性的不同(时间价值的不同),体现小汽车使用者比公共交通使用者具有更高时间价值的现实情况.

基于Nested Logit模型的铁路旅客客运产品选择研究

通过成都—武汉既有线出行旅客的问卷调查,以及样本数据的归纳分析,对旅客客运产品选择行为特征进行描述.基于随机效用最大化理论,以乘车方式与客运产品作为选择肢,旅客主体、出行特性及列车服务特性的各项指标作为效用变量,构建了乘车方式位于上层、客运产品位于下层的Nested Logit模型.模型的上下层参数标定结果表明,旅客的收入状况、出行目的、出行距离、列车票价及运行时间对其乘车方案选择具有显著影响,旅客的年龄、出行费用来源、收入状况、出行距离,以及列车票价、运行时间对其客运产品选择具有显著影响.模型能较为准确地反映铁路客运产品的实际需求,从而为其合理设计与调整提供理论依据.

分布式nested阵列及其高精度DOA估计

为了进一步提高分布式阵列的自由度和分辨力,提出一种分布式nested阵列。该阵列将nested阵列作为分布式阵列的子阵。基于Khatri-Rao积,nested子阵可提高整个阵列的自由度。分布式nested阵列以较少的阵元数及硬件成本实现大的孔径和较高的分辨力,而且提高了目标波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计的精度。并利用基于Khatri-Rao积的空间平滑酉旋转不变子空间(estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques,ESPRIT)算法进行DOA估计。其先对协方差矩阵向量化提高自由度,然后利用空间平滑对新数据协方差矩阵进行秩恢复,最后使用双尺度酉ESPRIT算法得到DOA估计。仿真结果证明所提方法的有效性。

广西砂糖橘黄龙病亚洲种的Nested-PCR检测

【目的】利用柑橘黄龙病病原亚洲种16S rDNA序列的特异引物检测疑似黄龙病的砂糖橘叶片样品,为砂糖橘黄龙病的综合防控提供理论依据。【方法】选取采自广西9市17个采样点的214份疑似黄龙病及无症状砂糖橘叶片样品,用试剂盒法提取叶脉基因组DNA,采用柑橘黄龙病亚洲种16S rDNA特异引物进行PCR扩增,扩增结果在1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳上检测,统计待检样品柑橘黄龙病病原菌亚洲种的带菌率。【结果】对214份样品的Nested-PCR扩增结果,部分样品可得到1160 bp左右的特异条带,与预期大小相符但条带明暗不同。来自广西9市17个采样点的砂糖橘叶片样品均检测出黄龙病亚洲种病原,平均检出率均在66.0%以上,其中检出率最高的是来自东兴市的样品,检出率为100.0%,检出率最低的是来自南宁市的样品,检出率为66.9%;斑驳、缺素型黄化、叶脉黄化、小叶和无症状叶片样品中均可检测出黄龙病亚洲种。【结论】Nested-PCR技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强的特点,能够快速、准确检测出各种症状样品的黄龙病病原,可用于柑橘黄龙病的早期诊断。

应用nested和touch down PCR技术分离牦牛CAPN1大亚基基因EST

钙激活中性蛋白酶1(CAPN1)基因是影响肉嫩度的侯选基因。根据GeneBank中已公布的CAPN1基因cDNA序列设计同源PCR引物,通过RT,nested和touch-downPCR技术从牦牛肌肉组织总RNA中分离目的序列,与pGEM-T-easy载体连接后转化DH5α感受态菌株,通过PCR扩增、限制性酶切和测序分析鉴定阳性克隆。分离到的基因片段为牦牛CAPN1大亚基的部分编码序列,在GeneBank中的注册号为AY197555,与奶牛、人、食蟹猴、小鼠、绵羊以及大鼠相应序列的同源性分别为98%,89%,89%,83%,96%和81%,在不同物种之间具有较强的保守性。CAPN1基因EST的分离为进一步研究牦牛CAPN1基因奠定了基础。此研究表明,在总RNA质量不理想的情况下,同时采用这2种技术可以较大限度地获取目的序列。

基于家庭属性和Nested Logit模型的学生出行选择特性分析

运用非集计模型中Nested Logit模型的理论与方法,以中小学生出行方式选择行为为对象,研究个人属性、家庭属性和出行特性对学生出行方式选择的影响。模型分上下两层,上层为公共交通和私人交通方式的选择,下层为小汽车、摩托车、自行车及步行交通方式的选择;利用SPSS软件对模型进行标定和检验,分析各因素对学生出行选择的影响。结果表明:家庭收入对于上下层交通方式选择影响大,收入高的家庭,学生出行更倾向于选择私人交通方式;是否拥有公交卡对上层交通方式影响最明显,当学生拥有公交卡时,其选择公共交通方式是私人方式的38倍;家庭交通工具拥有量和是否有人接送是下层交通方式选择的主要因素,家庭小汽车数量增加或有人接送时,学生出行选择小汽车的概率增加。

基于Nested-Logit模型的经济圈交通方式划分方法研究

在分析经济圈交通方式选择影响因素的基础上,利用出行费用、出行时间和舒适性等指标作为广义费用函数的主要构成属性,建立了基于Nested-Logit模型的经济圈交通方式划分方法.并采用出行疲劳恢复时间来描述不同交通方式出行的舒适程度,然后用时间价值的计算方法求得疲劳恢复时间的价值.Nested-Logit模型是在一般多项Logit模型基础上的一种改进模型,考虑了各交通方式之间的相关性,对具有相似性的交通方式进行了分类,因此该模型更接近实际情况,相对合理.同时通过分析这两种模型的内在关系,提出了一种求解Nested-Logit模型的方法,该方法程序化强,便于应用.最后以长三角经济圈部分城市之间的交通方式划分作为实例,说明了该方法有效可行.

大豆油中转基因成分的Nested PCR和Semi-nested PCR检测方法研究

对大豆油中DNA提取方法进行了研究,结果表明CTAB、SDS和Wizard试剂盒提取大豆油DNA均具有良好的效果。利用nested PCR和semi-nested PCR检测大豆(Roundup Ready)油中的转基因成分发现,该方法能够检测到大豆原油中的Lectin基因(112bp)、CaMV35S基因(147bP)和CP4-EPSPS基因(205bp),检测灵敏度达到10-6ng/μl;但该方法未能从人豆成品油(一级)中扩增到上述基因,当中的转基因成分DNA含量低于10-12ng/μl。

猕猴巨细胞病毒(RhCMV)nested PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

目的建立猴巨细胞(RhCMV)病毒的nested PCR检测方法,并初步应用。方法根据GenBank中报道的RhCMV全基因序列,针对其中的保守区域Rh85设计两对引物进行nested PCR反应,利用此方法对20份猕猴全血标本进行检测,将检测到的猕猴阳性标本扩增片段进行克隆测序。结果利用保守区域Rh85设计的引物可对人HCMV阳性对照进行扩增。用此方法检测的20份猕猴全血标本,出现2例阳性。其中一例扩增片段经纯化、回收克隆测序后用BLAST软件进行同源性对比,与GenBank中报道的RhCMV序列基本相同。结论建立了从猴全血中直接检测猴RhCMV病毒DNA的敏感、特异的nested PCR方法。

基于Nested Logit模型的城市轨道交通客流转移研究

为提高轨道交通客流转移预测精度,以乌鲁木齐市居民出行方式选择行为的SP调查(stated preference survey)数据为基础建立Nested Logit模型,考虑交通信息及居民出行方式选择习惯等因素,对城市轨道交通客流转移进行实证研究。研究结果表明,考虑各交通方式之间相关性的Nested Logit模型可以有效地预测新增轨道交通后各出行方式的出行分担比例;交通信息准确度和出行者通常选择的出行方式显著影响着居民的出行方式选择,一定程度上反映了交通信息及居民出行方式选择习惯对轨道交通客流转移的影响;轨道交通1号线和2号线建成后,预测可承担居民34.7%的出行。通常选择出租车出行的居民倾向于向轨道交通转移,常规公交和出租车的出行比例大幅减少,而私家车出行比例减少幅度最小。该研究为轨道交通的建设和运营管理、常规公交线路调整以及交通结构优化提供了有效的理论依据。