Modeling and simulation for individualized therapy of amisulpride in Chinese patients with schizophrenia:focus on inter interindi⁃vidual variability,therapeutic reference range and laboratory alert level

OBJECTIVE To explain the high inter-individual variability and the frequency of exceeding the therapeutic reference range and the laboratory alert level of amisulpride,a popula⁃tion pharmacokinetic model in Chinese patients with schizophrenia was built based on therapeu⁃tic drug monitoring data to guide individualized therapy.METHODS Plasma concentration data(330 measurements from 121 patients)were ana⁃lyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model⁃ing approach with first-order conditional estima⁃tion with interaction(FOCE I).The concentra⁃tions of amisulpride were detected by HPLC-MS/MS.Age,weight,sex,combination medication history and renal function status were evaluated as main covariates.The model was internally val⁃idated using goodness-of-fit,bootstrap and nor⁃malized prediction distribution error.Recom⁃mended dosage regimens for patients with key covariates were estimated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations and the established model.RESULTS A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was found to adequately characterize amisulpride concentra⁃tion in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.The population estimates of the apparent volume of distribution(V/F)and apparent clearance(CL/F)were 12.7 L and 1.12 L·h-1,respectively.Age sig⁃nificantly affected the clearance of amisulpride and the final model was as follow:CL/F=1.04×(AGE/32)-0.624(L·h-1).To avoid exceeding the lab⁃oratory alert level(640μg·L-1),the model-based simulation results showed that the recommended dose of amisulpride was no more than 600 mg per day for patients aged 60 years,800 mg per day for those aged 40 years and 1200 mg per day for those aged 20 years,respectively.CON⁃CLUSION Dosage optimization of amisulpride can be carried out according to age to reduce the risk of adverse reactions.The model can be used as a suitable tool for designing individual⁃ized therapy for Chinese patients with schizo⁃phrenia.

Investigation on Bodily Fault in Doped W Wire by Electronic Miscroscope

The forming process of the bodil y fault in doped W wire was observed by SEM and TEM. The forming kinetics was de scibed by the perturbing theory. The interaction among the bodily fault and the dislocation or the grain boundary was also observed. The strengthen effect cause d by the interaction is counted initially by each submitted probable models. The results show that the strengthening mechanism at middle and high temperature is different.

Bioequiwalence of clavulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin(1:7) dispersible tablets in healthy volunteers

To study the bioequivalence of Clavulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin (1:7) dispersible tablets, a randomized cross over study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers. A single oral dose of 1000 mg Clav ulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin (1:7) dispersible tablets (Tested formulation, T) or Augmentin syrup (Reference formulation, R). Concentrations in plasma were determined with high performance liquid chromatography. The main paramaters of T were: for Clavulanate Potassium and Amoxicillin, C max : 2.46±1.11 μg/m l and 18.81±7.26 μg/ml, T max : 1.12±0.23h and 1.30±0.34h, AUC (0 - 6 h) : 5.18±2.24 μg·h/ml and 45.09±14.53 μg·h/ml, t 1/2 : 1.43±0.44 h and 1.09±0.22 h., respectively. The relative bioavailability of T to R were 9 6.5±19.2 % and 98.4±26.1 % , respectively. Statistical analysis showed that th e two formulations were bioequivalent.

Propagation behavior of elastic waves in one-dimensional piezoelectric/piezomagnetic phononic crystal with line defects

Using a stiffness matrix method, we in- vestigate the propagation behaviors of elastic waves in one-dimensional （1D） piezoelectric/piezomagnetic （PE/PM） phononic crystals （PCs） with line defects by calculating energy reflection/transmittion coefficients of quasi-pressure and quasi-shear waves. Line defects are created by the re- placement of PE or PM constituent layer. The defect modes existing in the first gap are considered and the influences on defect modes of the material properties and volume fraction of the defect layers, the type of incident waves, the location of defect layer and the number of structural layers are discussed in detail. Numerical results indicate that defect modes are the most obvious when the defect layers are inserted in the middle of the perfect PCs; the types of incidence wave and material properties of the defect layers have important effects on the numbers, the location of frequencies and the peaks of defect modes, and the defect modes are strongly de- pendent on volume fraction of the defect layers. We hope this paper will be found useful for the design of PE/PM acoustic filters or acoustic transducer with PCs structures.

Interfacial transport in lithium-ion conductors

Physical models of ion diffusion at different interfaces are reviewed. The use of impedance spectroscopy （IS）, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, and secondary ion mass spectrometry （SIMS） techniques are also discussed. The diffusion of ions is fundamental to the operation of lithium-ion batteries, taking place not only within the grains but also across different interfaces. Interfacial ion transport usually contributes to the majority of the resistance in lithium-ion batteries. A greater understanding of the interfacial diffusion of ions is crucial to improving battery performance.

Automatic Control System of Ion Electrostatic Accelerator and Anti-Interference Measures

An automatic control system for the electrostatic accelerator has been developed by adopting the PLC （Programmable Logic Controller） control technique, infrared and optical-fibre transmission technique and network communication with the purpose to improve the intelligence level of the accelerator and to enhance the ability of monitoring, collecting and recording parameters. In view of the control system＇ structure, some anti-interference measures have been adopted after analyzing the interference sources. The measures in hardware include controlling the position of the corona needle, using surge arresters, shielding, ground connection and stabilizing the voltage. The measures in terms of software involve inter-blocking protection, soft-spacing, time delay, and diagnostic and protective programs. The electromagnetic compatible ability of the control system has thus been effectively improved.

德国赫优讯netIC IOT设备级物联网嵌入式产品的研究与应用

伴随着预测性维护和大数据分析的需求在自动化领域的日益增加,设备级过程数据的重要性也越来越突出。赫优讯推出的设备级物联网嵌入式研发产品netIC IOT,是基于netX 52多协议芯片研发的一款智能DIL-32封装通讯IC,集成通用对象接口,通过OPC UA和MQTT 实现IoT通讯,并在同一根物理线缆上与实时以太网通讯并行地传输数据。netIC IOT采用netPROXY技术,基于对象的抽象层,面向应用程序开发,并通过netX Studio工程工具进行参数配置。

德国赫优讯netIC IOT设备级物联网嵌入式产品的研究与应用

伴随着预测性维护和大数据分析的需求在自动化领域的日益增加,设备级过程数据的重要性也越来越突出。赫优讯推出的设备级物联网嵌入式研发产品netIC IOT,是基于netX 52多协议芯片研发的一款智能DIL-32封装通讯IC,集成通用对象接口,通过OPC UA和MQTT实现IoT通讯,并在同一根物理线缆上与实时以太网通讯并行地传输数据。netIC IOT采用netPROXY技术,基于对象的抽象层,面向应用程序开发,并通过netX Studio工程工具进行参数配置。

Antiferromagnetic element Mn modified PtCo truncated octahedral nanoparticles with enhanced activity and durability for direct methanol fuel cells

Pt-based magnetic nano catalysts are one of the most suitable cand idates for electrocatalytic materials due to their high electrochemistry activity and retrievability.Unfortunately,the inferior durability prevents them from being scaled-up,limiting their commercial applications.Herein,an antiferromagnetic element Mn was introduced into PtCo nanostructured alloy to synthesize uniform Mn-PtCo truncated octahedral nanoparticles(TONPs)by one-pot method.Our results show that Mn can tune the blocking temperature of Mn-PtCo TONPs due to its an tiferromag netism.At low temperatures,Mn-PtCo TONPs are ferromag netic,and the coercivity in creases gradually with in creasi ng Mn contents.At room temperature,the Mn-PtCo TONPs display superparamag netic behavior,which is greatly helpful for in dustrial recycling.Mn doping can not only modify the electronic structure of PtCo TONPs but also enhanee electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction.The maximum specific activity of Mn-PtCo-3 reaches 8.1 A`m^-2,3.6 times of commercial Pt/C(2.2 A·m^-2)and 1.4 times of PtCo TONPs(5.6 A`m^-2),respectively.The mass activity decreases by only 30%after 2,000 cycles,while it is 45%and 99%(nearly inactive)for PtCo TONPs and commercial Pt/C catalysts,respectively.

DECAY RATE OF SAINT-VENANT END EFFECTS FOR PLANE DEFORMATIONS OF PIEZOELECTRIC-PIEZOMAGNETIC SANDWICH STRUCTURES

This paper is concerned with the decay of Saint-Venant end effects for plane deformations of piezoelectric （PE）-piezomagnetic （PM） sandwich structures, where a PM layer is located between two PE layers with the same material properties or reversely. The end of the sandwich structure is subjected to a set of self-equilibrated magneto-electro-elastic loads. The upper and lower surfaces of the sandwich structure axe mechanically free, electrically open or shorted as well as magnetically open or shorted. Firstly the constitutive equations of PE mate- rials and PM materials for plane strain are given and normalized. Secondly, the simplified state space approach is employed to arrange the constitutive equations into differential equations in a matrix form. Finally, by using the transfer matrix method, the characteristic equations for eigen- values or decay rates axe derived. Based on the obtained characteristic equations, the decay rates for the PE-PM-PE and PM-PE-PM sandwich structures are calculated. The influences of the electromagnetic boundary conditions, material properties of PE layers and volume fraction on the decay rates are discussed in detail.

德国赫优讯netIC IOT设备级物联网嵌入式产品的研究与应用

伴随着预测性维护和大数据分析的需求在自动化领域的日益增加,设备级过程数据的重要性也越来越突出。赫优讯推出的设备级物联网嵌入式研发产品net IC IOT,是基于net X 52多协议芯片研发的一款智能DIL-32封装通讯IC,集成通用对象接口,通过OPC UA和MQTT实现Io T通讯,并在同一根物理线缆上与实时以太网通讯并行地传输数据。net IC IOT采用net PROXY技术,基于对象的抽象层,面向应用程序开发,并通过net X Studio工程工具进行参数配置。

Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt（Ⅱ） and Copper（Ⅱ） Tricyanomethanide （tcm） Complexes with 2,2＇-Dipyridyl N,N＇-Dioxide （dpdo） as Co-ligands： [Co（dpdo）（tcm）2], [Cu（dpdo）（tcm）2] and Cu（dpdo）2（tcm）2

Three new transition metal tricyanomethanide complexes [Co（dpdo）（tcm）2] （1）, [Cu（dpdo）（tcm）2] （2） and Cu（dpdo）2（tcm）2 （3） were synthesized and structurally characterized. In compound 1 each Co（II） ion is coordinated to four disorder tcm anions and one dpdo molecule to give a distorted octahedral geometry. In compound 2 each Cu（II） ion is surrounded by four tcm anions and one dpdo ligand to form a square bipyramidal geometry. Both compounds 1 and 2 display a μ1,5-tcm bridged infinite chain structure. Interestingly, in compound 3 coordination geometry around the central ion is square-planar, each Cu（II） ion is coordinated by two dpdo molecules to form a cationic part, the cationic parts is linked with the free tcm anionic parts via electrostatic attraction, leading to the formation of a mononuclear structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurement in the range 2--300 K indicates that there are antiferromagnetic couplings between adjacent metal ions in 1 （0=--2.33 K, C=2.13 cm3-mol 1oK） and 2 （J= --0.30, g = 2.20） respectively.