Insights and reviews on battery lifetime prediction from research to practice

The rising demand for energy storage solutions,especially in the electric vehicle and renewable energy sectors,highlights the importance of accurately predicting battery health to enhance their longevity and reliability.This article comprehensively examines various methods used to forecast battery health,including physics-based models,empirical models,and equivalent circuit models,among others.It delves into the promise of data-driven prognostics,utilizing both conventional machine learning and cuttingedge deep neural network techniques.The advantages and limitations of hybrid models are thoroughly analyzed,with a focus on the benefits of integrating diverse data sources to improve prognostic precision.Through practical case studies,the article showcases the effectiveness and flexibility of these approaches.It also critically addresses the challenges encountered in applying battery health prognostics in realworld scenarios,such as issues of scalability,complexity,and data anomalies.Despite these challenges,the article underscores the emerging opportunities brought about by recent technological,academic,and research advancements.These include the development of digital twin models for batteries,the use of data-centric AI and standardized benchmarking,the potential integration of blockchain technology for enhanced data security and transparency,and the synergy between edge and cloud computing to boost data analysis and processing.The primary goal of this article is to enrich the understanding of current battery health prognostic techniques and to inspire further research aimed at overcoming existing hurdles and tapping into new opportunities.It concludes with a visionary perspective on future research directions and potential developments in this evolving field,encouraging both researchers and practitioners to explore innovative solutions.

Gross Alpha and Beta Activities and Related Lifetime Risks Assessment Due to Ingestion of Drinking Water from Different Sources in the District of Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

Drinking good quality water is essential for better health. It is therefore essential to assess the radiological quality of all water consumed in the District of Abidjan in order to prevent related hazards. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the risk of cancer due to the ingestion of alpha and beta emitting radionuclides in the different types of water consumed in the region. A total of 63 water samples with 43 tap water samples, 5 bottled mineral water and 15 sachet water samples was collected and taken to GAEC laboratory for analysis. The low background Gas-less Automatic Alpha/Beta counting system (Canberra iMaticTM) was used to determine alpha and beta activity concentrations. Activity concentrations of both gross alpha and gross beta obtained in water sample were respectively lower than the WHO recommended limits of 0.1 Bq/l and 1 Bq/l. Also, the annual effective dose and total equivalent effective dose found in mineral bottled water samples were higher than in other types of water. The assessment of radiological lifetime risk has shown values of cancer risk due to ingestion alpha and beta emitters lower than recommended limit. These results indicate that there is no health hazard associated to consumption of water in the District of Abidjan.

Omni-Channel Retailing and Firm Performance from a Customer Lifetime Value Perspective

In the digital era,retailers are keen to find out whether omni-channel retailing helps improve long-term firm performance.In this paper,we employ machine learning techniques on a large consumption data set in order to measure customer lifetime value(CLV)as the basis for determining long-term firm performance,and we provide an empirical analysis of the relationship between omni-channel retailing and CLV.The results suggest that omni-channel retailing may effectively enhance CLV.Further analysis reveals that this process is influenced by heterogeneous consumer requirements and that significant differences exist in the extent to which the omni-channel transition may influence CLV depending on consumer preferences for diversity of commodities,sensitivity to the cost of contract performance,and sensitivity to warehousing costs.Hence,retailers should provide consumers with a complete portfolio of goods and services based on target consumers’heterogeneous requirements in order to increase omni-channel efficiency.

Topology Driven Cooperative Self Scheduling for Improved Lifetime Maximization in WSN

In Wireless Sensor Network(WSN),scheduling is one of the important issues that impacts the lifetime of entire WSN.Various scheduling schemes have been proposed earlier to increase the lifetime of the network.Still,the results from such methods are compromised in terms of achieving high lifetime.With this objective to increase the lifetime of network,an Efficient Topology driven Cooperative Self-Scheduling(TDCSS)model is recommended in this study.Instead of scheduling the network nodes in a centralized manner,a combined approach is proposed.Based on the situation,the proposed TDCSS approach performs scheduling in both the ways.By sharing the node statistics in a periodic manner,the overhead during the transmission of control packets gets reduced.This in turn impacts the lifetime of all the nodes.Further,this also reduces the number of idle conditions of each sensor node which is required for every cycle.The proposed method enables every sensor to schedule its own conditions according to duty cycle and topology constraints.Central scheduler monitors the network conditions whereas total transmissions occurs at every cycle.According to this,the source can infer the possible routes in a cycle and approximate the available routes.Further,based on the statistics of previous transmissions,the routes towards the sink are identified.Among the routes found,a single optimal route with energy efficiency is selected to perform data transmission.This cooperative approach improves the lifetime of entire network with high throughput performance.

Impacts of hydrogen annealing on the carrier lifetimes in p-type 4H-SiC after thermal oxidation

Thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing were applied on a 100μm thick Al-doped p-type 4H-Si C epitaxial wafer to modulate the minority carrier lifetime,which was investigated by microwave photoconductive decay(μ-PCD).The minority carrier lifetime decreased after each thermal oxidation.On the contrary,with the hydrogen annealing time increasing to3 hours,the minority carrier lifetime increased from 1.1μs(as-grown)to 3.14μs and then saturated after the annealing time reached 4 hours.The increase of surface roughness from 0.236 nm to 0.316 nm may also be one of the reasons for limiting the further improvement of the minority carrier lifetimes.Moreover,the whole wafer mappings of minority carrier lifetimes before and after hydrogen annealing were measured and discussed.The average minority carrier lifetime was up to 1.94μs and non-uniformity of carrier lifetime reached 38%after 4-hour hydrogen annealing.The increasing minority carrier lifetimes could be attributed to the double mechanisms of excess carbon atoms diffusion caused by selective etching of Si atoms and passivation of deep-level defects by hydrogen atoms.

Fully relativistic many-body perturbation energies,transition properties,and lifetimes of lithium-like iron Fe XXIV

Employing the advanced relativistic configuration interaction(RCI)combined with the many-body perturbation theory(RMBPT)method,we report energies and lifetime values for the lowest 35 energy levels from the(1s^(2))nl configurations(where the principal quantum number n=2–6 and the angular quantum number l=0,...,n-1)of lithium-like iron Fe XXIV,as well as complete data on the transition wavelengths,radiative rates,absorption oscillator strengths,and line strengths between the levels.Both the allowed(E1)and forbidden(magnetic dipole M1,magnetic quadrupole M2,and electric quadrupole E2)ones are reported.Through detailed comparisons with previous results,we assess the overall accuracies of present RMBPT results to be likely the most precise ones to date.Configuration interaction effects are found to be very important for the energies and radiative properties for the ion.The present RMBPT results are valuable for spectral line identification,plasma modeling,and diagnosing.

Lifetime measurement of the 3d^(9) ^(2)D_(3/2) metastable level in Mo^(15+)at an electron beam ion trap

An experimental measurement of the lifetime of 3d^(9) ^(2)D_(3/2) metastable level in Mo^(15+)is reported in this work.The Mo^(15+)ions are produced and trapped in an electron beam ion trap with a magnetic field of 0.65 T.The decay photons emitted from 3d^(9) ^(2)D_(3/2) level are subsequently recorded via a cooled photomultiplier tube.Through meticulous scrutiny of potential systematic uncertainties affecting the measurement outcomes,we have determined the lifetime of Mo^(15+)3d^(9)2D_(3/2)metastable level to be 2.83(22)ms.The experimental result provides a clear distinguishment from existing calculations based on various theoretical approaches.

Exciton radiative lifetime in CdSe quantum dots

Colloidal CdSe quantum dots(QDs)are promising materials for solar cells because of their simple preparation pro-cess and compatibility with flexible substrates.The QD radiative recombination lifetime has attracted enormous attention as it affects the probability of photogenerated charges leaving the QDs and being collected at the battery electrodes.However,the scaling law for the exciton radiative lifetime in CdSe QDs is still a puzzle.This article presents a novel explanation that recon-ciles this controversy.Our calculations agree with the experimental measurements of all three divergent trends in a broadened energy window.Further,we proved that the exciton radiative lifetime is a consequence of the thermal average of decays for all thermally accessible exciton states.Each of the contradictory size-dependent patterns reflects this trend in a specific size range.As the optical band gap increases,the radiative lifetime decreases in larger QDs,increases in smaller QDs,and is weakly depend-ent on size in the intermediate energy region.This study addresses the inconsistencies in the scaling law of the exciton life-time and gives a unified interpretation over a widened framework.Moreover,it provides valuable guidance for carrier separa-tion in the thin film solar cell of CdSe QDs.

Room-Temperature Phosphorescence and Lifetime of Fossil Resins (Amber) from Dominican Republic, Mexico, Baltic Sea, Myanmar, and Fushun, China

Amber can emit room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)under the well-known 365 nm fluorescence ultraviolet light.This paper is devoted to the phosphorescence study of 20 pieces of amber materials from the Dominican Republic,Mexico,Baltic sea,Myanmar,and Fushun,China.The results show that amber from the same geographic origin has similar shape in phosphorescence spectra.However,the shape of the amber phosphorescence spectra varies depending on their different localities.Burmite(amber from Myanmar)and Fushun amber have a bright yellow phosphorescence with a long lifetime,while the Dominican and Mexican ones are weaker and last shorter.The irradiation of Baltic amber becomes faint or even inert.Phosphorescence spectral Gaussian fitting results suggest an emission maximum near 550 nm in most amber samples.Their phosphorescence lifetime,analyzed through the exponential function fitting,is up to 1 second in Burmite and Fushun samples,shorter in the Dominican and Mexican ones,about 0.230 s,and the shortest in Baltic amber,close to 0.151 s.These variations of phosphorescence lifetime and intensity are related to the relative geological ages of these amber.It indicated that the phosphorescence agent was probably formed during the long geological time.While the anomaly occurred in Baltic amber,the only one found in a sea secondary deposit form,it demonstrated that the terrestrial geological environment these amber preserved has prevented the phosphorescence agent to be deactivated.

Outdoor Air Quality Monitoring with Enhanced Lifetime-enhancing Cooperative Data Gathering and Relaying Algorithm (E-LCDGRA) Based Sensor Network

The air continues to be an extremely substantial part of survival on earth.Air pollution poses a critical risk to humans and the environment.Using sensor-based structures,we can get air pollutant data in real-time.However,the sensors rely upon limited-battery sources that are immaterial to be alternated repeatedly amid extensive broadcast costs associated with real-time applications like air quality monitoring.Consequently,air quality sensor-based monitoring structures are lifetime-constrained and prone to the untimely loss of connectivity.Effective energy administration measures must therefore be implemented to handle the outlay of power dissipation.In this study,the authors propose outdoor air quality monitoring using a sensor network with an enhanced lifetime-enhancing cooperative data gathering and relaying algorithm(E-LCDGRA).LCDGRA is a cluster-based cooperative event-driven routing scheme with dedicated relay allocation mechanisms that tackle the problems of event-driven clustered WSNs with immobile gateways.The adapted variant,named E-LCDGRA,enhances the LCDGRA algorithm by incorporating a non-beacon-aided CSMA layer-2 un-slotted protocol with a back-off mechanism.The performance of the proposed E-LCDGRA is examined with other classical gathering schemes,including IEESEP and CERP,in terms of average lifetime,energy consumption,and delay.

碲镉汞PIN结构雪崩器件的I区材料晶体质量研究

本文对中波红外PIN结构的碲镉汞(HgCdTe)雪崩器件关键雪崩区域的材料晶体质量进行研究。通过在实验材料上对PIN结构雪崩器件的全过程工艺模拟,采用微分霍尔、微分少子寿命等测试手段进行材料表征,评估获得了关键雪崩区域的真实材料晶体质量。研究发现,现有优化工艺下雪崩区域的晶体质量良好,拟合材料的SRH寿命最好能达到20.7μs,可达到原生材料SRH寿命的相当水平,满足高质量中波碲镉汞雪崩器件的研制要求。同时,我们以获得的雪崩区域SRH寿命为基础,对HgCdTe APD结构器件进行相应2维数值模拟,获得理论最优的暗电流密度8.7×10^(-10) A/cm^(2)。

基于合肥光源数据库的束流寿命分析与诊断

高质量的电子束流寿命数据可以直接反映装置的健康状态,为了获得高质量的束流寿命数据,提出一种束流寿命数据清洗方法,并开展了影响束流寿命的关键因素研究。基于合肥光源历史数据库对2022年以来累积的束流寿命原始数据进行分析,采用Python开发了自动化数据清洗程序,用于获取和处理合肥光源的原始束流寿命数据,以获得长时间跨度的束流寿命变化趋势。通过使用Pearson相关系数对束流寿命异常原因进行分析,发现合肥光源束流寿命受储存环真空压强和高频腔压的影响较大。该束流寿命清洗程序处理快捷,获取的高质量束流寿命数据可以为合肥光源的健康状态检测诊断和预警提供重要依据。

基于局部密度聚类的WSN多Sink节点部署研究

针对无线传感器网络中传感器节点能量受限,网络生命周期短的问题,在考虑网络成本的情况下,提出一种基于节点局部密度聚类的多Sink节点优化部署算法。首先,基于多属性因子构建聚类决策函数确定Sink节点部署位置,完成传感器节点聚类;然后,根据下一跳节点与Sink节点间距离最短准则搜索并形成数据传输路径;最后,以网络生命周期成本比最大化为依据确定最优的Sink节点数目,实现多Sink节点优化部署。仿真结果表明:与已有算法相比,所提算法能够有效延长网络生命周期,具有较高的网络生命周期能效比。

Yule-Furry经典δ冲击模型的寿命性质

采用取条件法、概率法和矩母函数法研究Yule-Furry经典δ冲击模型的寿命问题,给出该模型的可靠度、矩母函数、寿命的矩等寿命性质的显式表达式,并将该模型的平均寿命应用在细胞癌变问题中进行数值验证.

矿用干式变压器故障诊断和寿命预测技术现状及展望

干式变压器故障诊断技术通过对监测数据进行分析,能够实现信号特征提取、故障诊断、状态评估和寿命预测,提高干式变压器在井下运行的安全性,降低由于故障带来的损失。文章介绍了信号特征提取方法(频率响应法、小波变换法、堆叠自编码器)、故障诊断方法(贝叶斯网络、支持向量机、BP神经网络)、状态评估和寿命预测方法(交叉熵组合预测法、灰色理论、层次分析法)的研究现状,将几种方法进行对比,并对干式变压器故障诊断技术进行展望。

SiTe分子激发态光谱性质的理论研究

采用多参考组态相互作用(MRCI)的方法研究了Si Te分子的电子结构,获得18个Λ-S态的势能曲线.基于势能曲线(PECs)通过数值积分方法获得电子态的光谱常数.计算Si Te分子的电偶极矩(PDMs)并分析电子组态的变化对电偶极矩的影响.此外,计算得到的势能曲线表明,11Π和13Π态与附近的5个电子态(13Σ^(+),13Δ,11Σ^(-),13Σ^(-),11Δ)在16500~27400 cm^(-1)的能量区域内密集分布,邻近的电子态对13Π态有明显的扰动作用.通过11Π和13Π态的自旋-轨道耦合矩阵元,分析电子组态与自旋-轨道耦合矩阵元的关系.最后,计算了SiT e分子21Σ^(+)-X1Σ^(+),13Π-13Δ,11Π-X1Σ^(+),13Π-13Σ^(-)和13^(+)Σ^(-)13Π的跃迁偶极矩(TDM)以及11Π-X1Σ^(+)和21Σ^(+)-X1Σ^(+)的辐射寿命.

SiC功率模块引线键合参数优化与可靠性分析

在汽车电力电子器件开发技术中,功率模块正朝着小型化和高功率密度方向发展,而汽车动力装置的高频通断操作会增加键合线的疲劳失效风险。为了提高键合强度及可靠性,首先从键合原理角度出发,揭示键合参数在不同阶段的作用机理,利用单因素实验得到各参数的优化区间;然后通过数值计算与老化实验相结合的方法系统性研究了键合线材料对键合可靠性的影响。结果显示,Cu键合线的最高温度、最大等效应力均高于Al键合线,但受材料属性影响,Cu键合线的最大塑性应变仅为Al键合线的1/2,根据功率循环实验,其寿命约为Al键合线的4倍,并且Cu线键合质量分散性大,单根键合线脱落引起监测信号阶段性跃升的现象可以成为日常工作中的失效预警信号。

基于优化长短期记忆神经网络的IGBT寿命预测模型

为了防止绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)突发性失效而影响电力电子设备安全可靠运行,急需对IGBT剩余寿命做出精确预测,这对现有预测模型在高准确性和低不确定性方面提出了挑战。该文提出一种优化模型,该模型通过利用逐次变分模态分解(SVMD)技术来提取退化特征,并采用贝叶斯方法优化长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络的超参数以提高预测性能。首先,该模型通过SVMD技术将退化特征数据分解为多个模态后将有用模态重构从而提取和增强退化特征;其次;利用贝叶斯优化方法通过高斯过程(GP)代理模型和期望改进(EI)采集函数对LSTM预测模型超参数实现全局寻优;最后,基于SVMD特征提取技术和贝叶斯优化LSTM网络的预测模型通过实际IGBT退化特征数据证明了模型的有效性和优越性。结果表明,所提模型与传统优化模型相比,提高了13%的寿命预测准确性,并减少了34%的预测不确定性。

压接式IGBT健康管理方法综述

压接式IGBT功率器件是新型电力系统应用装备中的核心部件,对其健康管理可提升IGBT使用寿命与运行可靠性,保障新型电力系统的安全稳定。首先介绍压接式IGBT器件的封装结构和主要失效模式;其次以特征参数类型的不同,对现有健康状态监测方法进行分类阐述和分析;然后归纳现有压接式IGBT寿命预测方法的原理和特点;最后对现有的健康管理技术进行综合对比分析,并指出压接式IGBT健康管理方法需要进一步研究的问题和未来发展趋势。

长寿期小型棒控压水堆控制棒方案研究

小型棒控压水堆舍弃了可溶硼,并高度依赖控制棒与可燃毒物棒控制堆芯的反应性。为研究控制棒对堆芯关键性能的影响,本文以核动力破冰船用KLT-40模型为对象,以轴向功率偏移、堆芯寿期、燃料利用率与径向功率峰因子为指标,开展长寿期小型棒控压水堆控制棒布置与动作策略设计分析。首先,基于OpenMC程序开发带棒燃耗程序;其次,比较堆芯带控制棒与无控制棒运行时的堆芯寿期等指标;最后,分析不同动作策略对轴向功率偏移等指标的影响。结果表明:控制棒将堆芯寿期从590 EFPDs(等效满功率天,Effective full power days)延长至650~698 EFPDs;低价值棒组优先动作策略使轴向功率偏移程度由−0.69与+0.80分别下降至−0.29与+0.52。因此,要准确计算长寿期压水堆寿期必须采用带控制棒燃耗计算策略,并且通过合理的动作策略能够有效减小控制棒带来的轴向功率偏移。