Research on uninterruptable power supply technology for auxiliary winding of electric locomotive while passing the neutral section

Purpose–Auxiliary power system is an indispensable part of the train;the auxiliary systems of both electric locomotives and EMUs mainly are powered by one of the two ways,which are either from auxiliary windings of traction transformers or from DC-link voltage of traction converters.Powered by DC-link voltage of traction converters,the auxiliary systems were maintained of uninterruptable power supply with energy from electric braking.Meanwhile,powered by traction transformers,the auxiliary systems were always out of power while passing the neutral section of power supply grid and control system is powered by battery at this time.Design/methodology/approach–Uninterrupted power supply of auxiliary power system powered by auxiliary winding of traction transformer was studied.Failure reasons why previous solutions cannot be realized are analyzed.An uninterruptable power supply scheme for the auxiliary systems powered by auxiliary windings of traction transformers is proposed in this paper.The validity of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results and on-site operation of an upgraded HXD3C type locomotive.This scheme is attractive for upgrading practical locomotives with the auxiliary systems powered by auxiliary windings of traction transformers.Findings–This scheme regenerates braking power supplied to auxiliary windings of traction transformers while a locomotive runs in the neutral section of the power supply grid.Control objectives of uninterrupted power supply technology are proposed,which are no overvoltage,no overcurrent and uninterrupted power supply.Originality/value–The control strategies of the scheme ensure both overvoltage free and inrush current free when a locomotive enters or leaves the neutral section.Furthermore,this scheme is cost low by employing updated control strategy of software and add both the two current sensors and two connection wires of hardware.

Analyses of Current Electricity Price and Its Changing Trend Forecast in the Coming Five Years

This paper analyzes the level, characteristics and existing problems of current electricityprice in China. Under the present circumstances the overall orientation of power price reform inthe 10th Five-year Plan period should satisfy the requirements of power industry restructuring.Therefore, it is necessary to set up an appropriate pricing mechanism and system including thelinks of sales price to network, transmission and distribution price (T&D price) and sales price.In the light of various factors influencing increase and decrease in price, a forecast of electricitytariff is given in the five years to come.[

Electrical characteristics of new three-phase traction power supply system for rail transit

A novel three-phase traction power supply system is proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by electric phase separation in catenary and accomplish a unifying manner of traction power supply for rail transit.With the application of two-stage three-phase continuous power supply structure,the electrical characteristics exhibit new features differing from the existing traction system.In this work,the principle for voltage levels determining two-stage network is dissected in accordance with the requirements of traction network and electric locomotive.The equivalent model of three-phase traction system is built for deducing the formula of current distribution and voltage losses.Based on the chain network model of the traction network,a simulation model is established to analyze the electrical characteristics such as traction current distribution,voltage losses,system equivalent impedance,voltage distribution,voltage unbalance and regenerative energy utilization.In a few words,quite a lot traction current of about 99%is undertaken by long-section cable network.The proportion of system voltage losses is small attributed to the two-stage three-phase power supply structure,and the voltage unbal-ance caused by impedance asymmetry of traction network is less than 1‰.In addition,the utilization rate of regenerative energy for locomotive achieves a significant promotion of over 97%.

Uplifting the complexity of analysis for probabilistic security of electricity supply assessments using artificial neural networks

The energy sector faces rapid decarbonisation and decision-makers demand reliable assessments of the security of electricity supply. For this, detailed simulation models with a high temporal and technological resolution are required. When confronted with increasing weather-dependent renewable energy generation, probabilistic simulation models have proven. The significant computational costs of calculating a scenario, however, limit the complexity of further analysis. Advances in code optimization as well as the use of computing clusters still lead to runtimes of up to eight hours per scenario. However ongoing research highlights that tailor-made approximations are potentially the key factor in further reducing computing time. Consequently, current research aims to provide a method for the rapid prediction of widely varying scenarios. In this work artificial neural networks (ANN) are trained and compared to approximate the system behavior of the probabilistic simulation model. To do so, information needs to be sampled from the probabilistic simulation in an efficient way. Because only a limited space in the whole design space of the 16 independent variables is of interest, a classification is developed. Finally it required only around 35 min to create the regression models, including sampling the design space, simulating the training data and training the ANNs. The resulting ANNs are able to predict all scenarios within the validity range of the regression model with a coefficient of determination of over 0.9998 for independent test data (1.051.200 data points). They need only a few milliseconds to predict one scenario, enabling in-depth analysis in a brief period of time.

Study on Electromagnetic Transient Condition of EMU Passing by Phase-separation with Electric Load in High-speed Railway

Aiming at the complex electromagnetic transient process of EMU passing by phase-separation with electric load in high-speed railway, mechanism of overvoltage caused by switching off, overvoltage caused by switching on and impact current is analyzed systematically in this article. π-type equivalent circuit of feeding section is put forward in the analysis of overvoltage mechanism. Overvoltage and overcurrent model of passing by phase-separation with electric load are also built. Correctness of mechanism was validated by simulation. In addition, the methods to solve the influence on substations, transformers and protection devices in this process are put forward, which provides a new idea on passing by phase-separation with electric load technology.

Real-Time Method for Detecting Harmonic and Reactive Currents of Single-Phase Circuits

According to the characteristics of single-phase circuits and demand of using active filter for real-time detecting harmonic and reactive currents, a detecting method based on Fryze＇s power definition is proposed. The results of theoretical analysis and simula- tion show that the proposed method is effective in realtime detecting of instantaneous harmonic and reactive currents in single-phase circuits. When only detecting the total reactive currents, this method does not need a phase-locked loop circuit, and it also can be used in some special applications to provide different compensations on the ground of different requirements of electric network. Compared with the other methods based on the theory of instantaneous reactive power, this method is simple and easy to realize.

A Novel Half-Bridge Power Supply for High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining

High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining (HSDEDM) uses controlled electric sparks to erode the metal in a work-piece. Through the years, HSDEDM process has widely been used in high speed drilling and in manufacturing large aspect ratio holes for hard-to-machine material. The power supplies of HSDEDM providing high power applica-tions can have different topologies. In this paper, a novel Pulsed-Width-Modulated (PWM) half-bridge HSDEDM power supply that achieves Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) for switches and Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) for the dis-charge gap has been developed. This power supply has excellent features that include minimal component count and inherent protection under short circuit conditions. This topology has an energy conservation feature and removes the need for output bulk capacitors and resistances. Energy used in the erosion process will be controlled by the switched IGBTs in the half-bridge network and be transferred to the gap between the tool and work-piece. The relative tool wear and machining speed of our proposed topology have been compared with that of a normal power supply with current limiting resistances.

An Application of the Inverse Solution for Electric Current Distribution From Magnetic Field Measurements in Aluminium Electrolysis Cells

A mathematical theory and the software application based on the full MHD model of the electrolysis cell is used to predict the electric current distribution over the anodes from the measurement of magnetic fields at specifically defined node points assumed to be available from the wireless sensors.The full 3d busbar configuration of two different commercial ceils are used for the model simulations.It is demonstrated that a unique solution for the electric current can be obtained when two sensors per each anode are used to detect the single component of magnetic field.The mathematical software is tested for the sensitivity to the busbar configuration complexity.The ability to monitor continuously the electric current distribution to high accuracy helps to control disturbances and deviations from a normal production process.

Analysis of the Quantity and Causes of Outages in LV/MV Electric Grids

The paper considers the quantity and causes of outages in electric grids of low and medium voltages using the example of an electric grid of a regional power supply company.The main types of damage to the equipment of power lines and transformer substations were identified.Data on other areas of rural and urban electric grids are also analyzed.The main directions for reducing the quantity of outages in electric grids are proposed based on this analysis.Among them,there are the use of isolated wires in power transmission lines,the improvement of design of switching devices,switches and terminals of transformers,the application of technical condition diagnostics,the disaggregating of power lines and the increase of protection sensitivity of power lines.Most of the causes of equipment damage can be prevented by increasing the maintenance level of this equipment.

Electrical Energy Quality Analysis in Hospital Centres

Today, energy is a vital component in the functioning of a hospital. Hospital technical facilities have several types of technologies, these include appliances for use;examination apparatus. So, for Quality Health Care in a hospital, there is a need to ensure the proper functioning of hospital equipment. In addition to the required maintenance as specified by the device manufacturer, the quality of the electrical energy across the device must be ensured. This article is an analysis of the quality of electric energy at the substation of National Hospital of Niamey. Thereby, the data collection, followed by the data processing and analysis revealed the parameters characterizing the quality of electrical energy across the substation. Our studies have shown that the substation is underutilized as the maximum inrush current is less than half the available current. The current was consumed by the three phases has resulted in a strong current unbalance (230 A). However, the current unbalance and the voltage amplitude, are admissible accordingly base on EN50160 standard. Furthermore, the harmonics voltages present in this medium are in the accepted range (1.8%) according to IEEE 519 standard. However, the fundamental frequency does not meet the standard, but the difference obtained has no adverse effect.

基于频率切换实现恒流/恒压输出的电场耦合无线电能传输系统

电场耦合无线电能传输(electric-field coupled wireless power transfer,EC-WPT)技术的实际应用中,有些用电设备需要系统具有不同的恒定输出特性(恒流/恒压),即系统输出电压或输出电流与负载解耦,此外,系统还需具备在恒流、恒压模式间按需切换的功能。针对该需求,基于LC-CLC谐振网络提出1种具有恒流/恒压输出特性的EC-WPT系统,分析LC-CLC谐振网络特性,推导恒流/恒压输出特性的实现条件以及恒流频率和恒压频率的计算方法,并给出系统参数设计方法,分析系统对工作频率的敏感性。最后通过仿真和实验验证所提出的EC-WPT系统恒流/恒压输出特性及其参数设计方法的正确性和有效性。实验结果表明所提出的系统在输入电压恒定的不同负载工况下分别实现2 A的恒流输出以及96 V的恒压输出,其最大传输效率分别为87.83%及88.17%。

电力系统中的雷电暂态感知、监测和应用

雷电是造成电力系统故障的首要原因,实现对雷电暂态电压电流信号的感知、监测和数据应用对于维护系统安全稳定运行具有重要意义。面向日益复杂的新型电力系统结构形态,传感器件在满足雷电宽频测量的基础上,监测装置正朝着微型化、高精度、强互联和易取能方向发展。因此,该文基于雷电暂态感知方法、监测装置关键技术和雷击数据统计应用的研究现状,首先介绍了基于不同原理的电压/电场和电流/磁场传感技术,并分析了各自的优缺点;其次梳理了传感器微型化、时间同步、通信和供能等关键技术的最新进展;随后通过对雷击暂态波形的统计分析,探讨了监测数据在雷击故障识别与定位中的应用;最后对电力系统中雷电暂态感知、监测与应用进行总结并对其发展趋势作出展望。

考虑电力-交通交互的配电网故障下电动汽车充电演化特性

由于配电网与交通网间的耦合交互作用,高渗透率电动汽车接入下的配电网故障可能对两网的运行产生扩大影响,厘清故障下电动汽车充电负荷对电网和交通网运行状态的影响以及充电站充电负荷分布是及时阻断故障影响的基础。针对此,提出了考虑电力-交通交互的配电网故障下充电特征演化分析方法。首先,考虑配电网故障下充电负荷变化对配电网的影响,提出了计及充电负荷变化灵敏度的变步长重复潮流模型以计算配电网最大供电能力。其次,结合用户有限理性决策和动态交通均衡,构建了配电网故障影响下的交通运行状态演化模型。进一步,以电动汽车出行和充电为耦合单元,基于改进的Davidson函数描述供电能力对充电行为的影响,建立了两网交互的作用关系。最后,仿真分析了考虑网络耦合的配电网故障下充电负荷演化规律及其影响。

基于需求功率预测的电动拖拉机能量管理策略

针对电动拖拉机在犁耕工况下电机需求电流波动比较大的特点,为了改善动力电池的输出电流过高或过低及电动拖拉机犁耕持续作业时间短的现象,利用超级电容高功率密度的特点,设计了一种锂电池+超级电容结构的双电源电动拖拉机,并建立了Amesim/Simulink联合仿真模型。以模型预测控制作为双电源系统的能量管理方法,基于长短期记忆神经网络建立电动拖拉机犁耕工况下的需求功率预测模型,使用动态规划算法求解最佳的锂电池输出电流。仿真结果表明:相比于模糊控制策略,基于模型预测控制策略有效降低了锂电池大电流放电的频率且峰值电流降低了40%,有效提高了锂电池的使用寿命;超级电容的SOC保持在比较高的范围内,且电动拖拉机在犁耕工况下的单位里程能量消耗降低了2.17%,实现了双电源电流分配最优,提高了电动拖拉机的动力性和经济性。

基于动车组负荷电流特征的电流增量保护改进方案

电流增量保护由于整定值过高可能在牵引网发生高阻接地故障时拒动,受动车组负荷特殊工况和牵引网结构的影响可能误动作。为了分析电流增量保护拒动和误动的原因,有效辨识高阻接地故障电流和动车组负荷电流,在高速铁路牵引变电所馈线和动车组上进行电流录波测试,分析牵引变电所馈线电流和单列动车组负荷电流的电流增量和高次谐波增量特征及其形成原因,提出一种带高次谐波增量闭锁的电流增量保护改进方案,并对电流增量整定值和高次谐波增量闭锁整定值提出建议。基于现场高阻接地故障录波和动车组负荷测试电流波形分析以及基于MATLAB/Simulink的含动车组的牵引供电系统建模仿真分析,验证了所提改进方案在动车组负荷与高阻接地故障辨识方面的有效性。

基于V2G潜力模糊评估与移动储能协调调度的灾后供电恢复策略

目前用户侧电动汽车(EV)等新型应急资源尚未形成系统化调配机制。对此,提出一种考虑EV与电网互动(V2G)潜力模糊评估与移动式储能协调调度的灾后供电恢复策略。在固定式可调配能源有限的前提下,将V2G加入配电网孤岛主动划分与移动式储能对电能的时空转移协调调度过程中,建立孤岛间的能量连接,保证供电连续性与稳定性。考虑主客观影响因素,运用模糊模型评估EV响应潜力,引导EV集群参与供电恢复,提高可调度容量利用率。结合配电网运行约束,建立以停电损失与恢复资源调度成本最小化、电动汽车聚合商收益最大化为目标的灾后恢复模型,兼顾电网侧、电动汽车聚合商、用户的利益,降低灾后停电损失。设立评估指标,在仿真算例中验证所提策略的有效性与经济性。

基于RDBN深度学习算法的窃电监测系统设计

窃电行为不仅会造成电网非技术性损耗增加,而且可能因操作不当影响电网设备的运行安全和窃电者的人身安全。针对当前电网在窃电检测方面存在的稽查难度大、检测效率低等问题,设计了窃电监测系统。配套监测装置可灵活安装在供电线路上,使用电流互感器取能,实时采集线路电流,利用4G模块将数据传输至云服务器,在上位机软件中采用实值深度置信网络(RDBN)算法对数据进行分析。仿真和实验测试表明,RDBN算法对窃电状态的识别准确率达到98.15%,监测系统能实时获取并分析监测数据,标记可疑窃电线路,降低稽查难度,提高检测效率。

计及配电网灵活性的峰谷电价分布鲁棒定价策略

高比例可再生能源接入加剧了配电网的不确定性,亟需利用分时电价激励用户参与需求响应,对负荷侧灵活性资源进行挖掘。为此,提出计及配电网灵活性的峰谷电价分布鲁棒定价策略。利用价格弹性矩阵量化用户响应分时电价的行为,并基于Wasserstein距离构建光伏出力与负荷预测误差区间的分布鲁棒不确定集;采用区间法对配电网灵活性供给与需求进行建模,并构建灵活性评估指标;建立综合考虑用户用电方式满意度、净负荷峰谷差、灵活性供需平衡的分布鲁棒定价模型,并采用混合优化算法进行模型求解。算例结果验证了所提分布鲁棒定价策略的有效性与鲁棒性。

Swin-Transformer故障信息挖掘的海底观测网故障定位方法

海底观测网长期受海洋环境与人为因素影响,易使光电复合缆绝缘破损与海水接触形成电学故障点。如何准确地定位电学故障点,对提高海底观测网输电与信息传输的可靠性至关重要。首先根据海底观测网输电结构建立海底观测网输电模型,推导与模拟电学故障点传播至观测点的暂态电流,然后由连续小波变换提取暂态电流与故障点对应的内在关联特征量,最后通过Swin-Transformer神经网络挖掘内在关联特征量与故障距离的匹配关系来定位电学故障点。研究结果表明,在内在关联特征量样本测试集条件下,光电复合缆≤160 km的电学故障点定位误差小于400 m,可为长距离光电复合缆的海底观测网电学故障点定位提供参考。

基于电网侧电流的PMSM电气故障诊断

实际应用中,从永磁同步电机侧引出信号进行故障诊断存在诸多不便,针对该问题提出了一种基于电网侧电流的真有效值和改进的卷积神经网络的永磁同步电机故障诊断方法。通过计算每个周期的电网侧电流的真有效值,实现PMSM正常和故障状态的快速区分;在不同故障状态模式下收集电流信号,将其转化为灰度图像并利用滑动窗口采样技术实现对样本的扩充;将这些图像输入至CNN进行故障类型的自动识别。进行仿真和实验验证,此方法在检测PMSM不同的电气故障状态时,分类正确率可达95%以上,证明了其在实际应用中的高效性和可靠性。