Extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where recharging sensors is not always possible, has been a major concern for researchers for the past decade. In this paper, we study the cooperation bet...Extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where recharging sensors is not always possible, has been a major concern for researchers for the past decade. In this paper, we study the cooperation between nodes in wireless sensor networks in forwarding packets to others, and we propose a new collaboration technique which stimulates intermediate nodes to forward packets toward their destination. Some nodes show selfish behavior by denying the forwarding packets to other nodes in commercial networks in an effort to preserve their own energy. This paper applies a technique which is used to prolong the network lifetime, based on a node’s energy and trust value, and additionally incorporates fuzzy logic, which stimulates nodes to forward packets by rewarding cooperation. According to simulation results, the proposed approach surpasses the Nuglets (virtual currency) approach and the Reputation approach in network energy and thus prolongs the network lifetime. Additionally, our proposed approach demonstrates better results in the number of dropped packets, PDR and forwarded packets to neighboring nodes.展开更多
在无线传感器网络中,为了提高能量的利用率和增强数据包转发的可靠性,设计了PFAG(Packet ForwardingAlgorithm Based on Auction Game)算法。该算法将数据包转发过程看作一种多阶段拍卖博弈过程,其中源节点作为买方,邻居节点作为卖方。...在无线传感器网络中,为了提高能量的利用率和增强数据包转发的可靠性,设计了PFAG(Packet ForwardingAlgorithm Based on Auction Game)算法。该算法将数据包转发过程看作一种多阶段拍卖博弈过程,其中源节点作为买方,邻居节点作为卖方。邻居节点根据拍卖博弈模型中的标价函数给出相应标价,源节点通过选择最佳的转发节点以使自己的收益最大化。当数据包转发成功后,源节点退出此次博弈,转发节点作为买方启动新一轮拍卖博弈,依次迭代,直到数据包被成功发送到目的节点。经过这样一个多阶段的拍卖博弈过程,源节点最终可找出一条能耗低、稳定且可靠的包转发路径。仿真结果表明,PFAG算法可有效的降低和平衡网络能耗,具备传输可靠性高和适应网络规模变化性强的特点。展开更多
文摘Extending the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where recharging sensors is not always possible, has been a major concern for researchers for the past decade. In this paper, we study the cooperation between nodes in wireless sensor networks in forwarding packets to others, and we propose a new collaboration technique which stimulates intermediate nodes to forward packets toward their destination. Some nodes show selfish behavior by denying the forwarding packets to other nodes in commercial networks in an effort to preserve their own energy. This paper applies a technique which is used to prolong the network lifetime, based on a node’s energy and trust value, and additionally incorporates fuzzy logic, which stimulates nodes to forward packets by rewarding cooperation. According to simulation results, the proposed approach surpasses the Nuglets (virtual currency) approach and the Reputation approach in network energy and thus prolongs the network lifetime. Additionally, our proposed approach demonstrates better results in the number of dropped packets, PDR and forwarded packets to neighboring nodes.
文摘在无线传感器网络中,为了提高能量的利用率和增强数据包转发的可靠性,设计了PFAG(Packet ForwardingAlgorithm Based on Auction Game)算法。该算法将数据包转发过程看作一种多阶段拍卖博弈过程,其中源节点作为买方,邻居节点作为卖方。邻居节点根据拍卖博弈模型中的标价函数给出相应标价,源节点通过选择最佳的转发节点以使自己的收益最大化。当数据包转发成功后,源节点退出此次博弈,转发节点作为买方启动新一轮拍卖博弈,依次迭代,直到数据包被成功发送到目的节点。经过这样一个多阶段的拍卖博弈过程,源节点最终可找出一条能耗低、稳定且可靠的包转发路径。仿真结果表明,PFAG算法可有效的降低和平衡网络能耗,具备传输可靠性高和适应网络规模变化性强的特点。
