A New Peer-to-Peer Topology for Video Streaming Based on Complex Network Theory

A new wave of networks labeled Peer-to-Peer(P2P) networks attracts more researchers and rapidly becomes one of the most popular applications.In order to matching P2 P logical overlay network with physical topology,the position-based topology has been proposed.The proposed topology not only focuses on non-functional characteristics such as scalability,reliability,fault-tolerance,selforganization,decentralization and fairness,but also functional characteristics are addressed as well.The experimental results show that the hybrid complex topology achieves better characteristics than other complex networks' models like small-world and scale-free models;since most of the real-life networks are both scale-free and small-world networks,it may perform well in mimicking the reality.Meanwhile,it reveals that the authors improve average distance,diameter and clustering coefficient versus Chord and CAN topologies.Finally,the authors show that the proposed topology is the most robust model,against failures and attacks for nodes and edges,versus small-world and scale-free networks.

The Spatial Optimization of Eastern China's Crude Oil Pipeline Network upon Cost Minimum

Eastern China＇s crude oil pipeline network is of the largest scale and freight volume in China.Here,we analyze 37 oil pipelines and one railway（38 oil flow channels）,20 oil fields with output of over a million tons of crude oil,and 32 refineries each of which refine over a million tons of crude oil.We construct a supply and demand balance sheet of oil sources and sinks by considering the transportation cost variance of variant pipeline diameters to determine the spatial optimization of Eastern China＇s pipeline network.In 2009,the optimal cost of this network was 34.5% lower than the total actual cost,suggesting that oil flow is overall inefficient and there is huge potential to improve flow efficiency.Within Eastern China,the oil flow of the Northeast network was relatively better than others,but the flow in Northern China is inefficient because all pipelines are underload or noload,and there were similar conditions in the Huanghuai region.We assumed no difference in pipeline transport speed,compared to rail or road transportation,thus transportation distance,rather than time,is the main influential factor under the definite transporting cost of variant pipeline diameters.