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Threshold-Based Software-Defined Networking(SDN)Solution for Healthcare Systems against Intrusion Attacks
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作者 Laila M.Halman Mohammed J.F.Alenazi 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第2期1469-1483,共15页
The healthcare sector holds valuable and sensitive data.The amount of this data and the need to handle,exchange,and protect it,has been increasing at a fast pace.Due to their nature,software-defined networks(SDNs)are ... The healthcare sector holds valuable and sensitive data.The amount of this data and the need to handle,exchange,and protect it,has been increasing at a fast pace.Due to their nature,software-defined networks(SDNs)are widely used in healthcare systems,as they ensure effective resource utilization,safety,great network management,and monitoring.In this sector,due to the value of thedata,SDNs faceamajor challengeposed byawide range of attacks,such as distributed denial of service(DDoS)and probe attacks.These attacks reduce network performance,causing the degradation of different key performance indicators(KPIs)or,in the worst cases,a network failure which can threaten human lives.This can be significant,especially with the current expansion of portable healthcare that supports mobile and wireless devices for what is called mobile health,or m-health.In this study,we examine the effectiveness of using SDNs for defense against DDoS,as well as their effects on different network KPIs under various scenarios.We propose a threshold-based DDoS classifier(TBDC)technique to classify DDoS attacks in healthcare SDNs,aiming to block traffic considered a hazard in the form of a DDoS attack.We then evaluate the accuracy and performance of the proposed TBDC approach.Our technique shows outstanding performance,increasing the mean throughput by 190.3%,reducing the mean delay by 95%,and reducing packet loss by 99.7%relative to normal,with DDoS attack traffic. 展开更多
关键词 Network resilience network management attack prediction software defined networking(SDN) distributed denial of service(DDoS) healthcare
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College students compete in the National Standardization Olympiad
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《China Standardization》 2024年第6期9-9,共1页
The finals of the “Mo Gan Shan” National Standardization Olympiad of College Students were held on October 12-13 in Huzhou city, Southeast China's Zhejiang province.The competition was guided by SAMR, and hosted... The finals of the “Mo Gan Shan” National Standardization Olympiad of College Students were held on October 12-13 in Huzhou city, Southeast China's Zhejiang province.The competition was guided by SAMR, and hosted by the China Association for Standardization(CAS), China Jiliang University, and the National Standardization League of Universities. Themed “Standards lead the future, innovation fulfills dreams”, the competition aims to stimulate college students' interest and enthusiasm for standardization knowledge, and cultivate standardization talents with international vision and innovation capability. 展开更多
关键词 DREAMS standardization standardization
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Analysis of standardization development of TCM in Sichuan
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作者 Li Gen 《China Standardization》 2024年第5期59-61,共3页
Sichuan province is home to rich traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)resources.Recent years have seen unremitting efforts of TCM standardization in the province.By analyzing the measures and existing problems,this paper ... Sichuan province is home to rich traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)resources.Recent years have seen unremitting efforts of TCM standardization in the province.By analyzing the measures and existing problems,this paper provides recommendations to boost TCM development through standardization. 展开更多
关键词 SICHUAN TCM standardization
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Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique
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作者 Ahmed Mohamed Karara Zeinab El-Sanabary +2 位作者 Mostafa Ali El-Helw Tamer Ahmed Macky Mohamad Amr Salah Eddin Abdelhakim 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2024年第1期61-65,共5页
AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Obser... AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL. 展开更多
关键词 Egyptian population meibomian gland dysfunction non-contact meibography standardization upper lid
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Pudong’s experience of standardization mechanism innovation
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作者 Lyu Xuecheng 《China Standardization》 2024年第6期24-25,共2页
The Pudong New Area has followed the standardization polices of the country,vigorously implemented the standardization strategies,and fulfilled the historical mission of“serving as a pioneer of reform&opening-up ... The Pudong New Area has followed the standardization polices of the country,vigorously implemented the standardization strategies,and fulfilled the historical mission of“serving as a pioneer of reform&opening-up and innovative development”. 展开更多
关键词 HAS standardization MECHANISM
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Dialogue on standards:directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction
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《China Standardization》 2024年第5期28-49,共22页
To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Asso... To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization,was invited as the moderator.Several standardization experts including Song Mingshun,Mai Lyubo,Qiang Yi,Cao Lili,and Huang Manxue from the China Standardization Expert Committee and renowned universities and research institutes in the country were invited as guests to give their insightful views. 展开更多
关键词 DIRECTIONS DISCIPLINE standardization
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Dynamic Networking Method of Vehicles in VANET
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作者 Qingkun Chen Qinmu Wu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期1301-1318,共18页
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)make it easy to transfer information between vehicles,and this feature is utilized to enable collaborative decision-making between vehicles to enhance the safety,economy,and entertainm... Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)make it easy to transfer information between vehicles,and this feature is utilized to enable collaborative decision-making between vehicles to enhance the safety,economy,and entertainment of vehicle operation.The high mobility of vehicles leads to a time-varying topology between vehicles,which makes inter-vehicle information transfer challenging in terms of delay control and ensuring the stability of collaborative decision-making among vehicles.The clustering algorithm is a method aimed at improving the efficiency of VANET communication.Currently,most of the research based on this method focuses on maintaining the stability of vehicle clustering,and few methods focus on the information interaction and collaborative decisionmaking of vehicles in the region.In this context,this paper proposes a networking method for intra-regional vehicle information interaction,through an efficient information transmission mechanism,vehicles can quickly obtain the required information and make more accurate decisions.Firstly,this networking method utilizes DBSCAN and the proposed vehicle scoring model to form clusters,ensuring the stability and adaptability of clusters;secondly,in the process of interacting with the information,the cosine similarity is utilized to check the similarity of the information to eliminate the highly similar information,effectively reducing redundant information;and lastly,in the case of a consensus reached by the cluster,the frequency of broadcasting of information between vehicles is reduced as a way to minimize the waste of communication resources.The proposed method is simulated based on Python and Sumo platforms,and several metrics such as cluster clustering situation,information volume,and state change rate are analyzed.The results show that the method maintains better cluster stability with a 60%and 92%reduction in information overhead compared to the FVC and HCAR algorithms,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 networking VANET messaging optimization
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Analysis of standardization of community security fund management-Taking practice of community security fund management in Wuhou district of Chengdu as an example
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作者 Li Xiaowen Wen Jiahua +1 位作者 Wen Mengchuan Ren Yan 《China Standardization》 2024年第5期56-58,共3页
The Chengdu community security funds refer to the special security funds for urban and rural community development and governance in Chengdu.At present,there are some problems in the use of community security funds,su... The Chengdu community security funds refer to the special security funds for urban and rural community development and governance in Chengdu.At present,there are some problems in the use of community security funds,such as low participation of residents,and low efficiency of fund use.Taking the exploration of standardization of community security fund management in Wuhou district,Chengdu city,as an example,this paper suggests further strengthening the use and management of community security funds by means of standardization,ensuring the democratic,open,and transparent use of funds,and effectively enhancing the supporting role of community security funds in community governance. 展开更多
关键词 community security funds management standardization
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The Caching and Pricing Strategy for Information-Centric Networking with Advertisers’Participation
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作者 Zheng Quan Yan Wenliang +4 位作者 Wu Rong Tan Xiaobin Yang Jian Yuan Liu Xu Zhenghuan 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期283-295,共13页
As users’access to the network has evolved into the acquisition of mass contents instead of IP addresses,the IP network architecture based on end-to-end communication cannot meet users’needs.Therefore,the Informatio... As users’access to the network has evolved into the acquisition of mass contents instead of IP addresses,the IP network architecture based on end-to-end communication cannot meet users’needs.Therefore,the Information-Centric Networking(ICN)came into being.From a technical point of view,ICN is a promising future network architecture.Researching and customizing a reasonable pricing mechanism plays a positive role in promoting the deployment of ICN.The current research on ICN pricing mechanism is focused on paid content.Therefore,we study an ICN pricing model for free content,which uses game theory based on Nash equilibrium to analysis.In this work,advertisers are considered,and an advertiser model is established to describe the economic interaction between advertisers and ICN entities.This solution can formulate the best pricing strategy for all ICN entities and maximize the benefits of each entity.Our extensive analysis and numerical results show that the proposed pricing framework is significantly better than existing solutions when it comes to free content. 展开更多
关键词 ADVERTISERS CACHE free content Information-Centric networking pricing strategy
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Workshop on driving inclusiveness in standardization
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《China Standardization》 2024年第3期61-61,共1页
With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization... With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization,to tackle issues of access and participation in standardization at the national level and discuss and promote best practices. 展开更多
关键词 driving standardization INCLUSIVE
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Parallel session on marine standardization
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作者 曹欣欣(编译) 《China Standardization》 2024年第4期50-51,共2页
The session on marine standardization was successfully held on May 22.Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization(CAS),was invited to deliver a keynote speech.The highlight of her speech is presented a... The session on marine standardization was successfully held on May 22.Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization(CAS),was invited to deliver a keynote speech.The highlight of her speech is presented as follows。 展开更多
关键词 standardization SESSION MARINE
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China and Sri Lanka sign a MoU on standardization
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《China Standardization》 2024年第3期12-12,共1页
Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area... Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area on March 26. 展开更多
关键词 MINISTER standardization SECRETARY
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Open-Source Software Defined Networking Controllers:State-of-the-Art,Challenges and Solutions for Future Network Providers
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作者 Johari Abdul Rahim Rosdiadee Nordin Oluwatosin Ahmed Amodu 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期747-800,共54页
Software Defined Networking(SDN)is programmable by separation of forwarding control through the centralization of the controller.The controller plays the role of the‘brain’that dictates the intelligent part of SDN t... Software Defined Networking(SDN)is programmable by separation of forwarding control through the centralization of the controller.The controller plays the role of the‘brain’that dictates the intelligent part of SDN technology.Various versions of SDN controllers exist as a response to the diverse demands and functions expected of them.There are several SDN controllers available in the open market besides a large number of commercial controllers;some are developed tomeet carrier-grade service levels and one of the recent trends in open-source SDN controllers is the Open Network Operating System(ONOS).This paper presents a comparative study between open source SDN controllers,which are known as Network Controller Platform(NOX),Python-based Network Controller(POX),component-based SDN framework(Ryu),Java-based OpenFlow controller(Floodlight),OpenDayLight(ODL)and ONOS.The discussion is further extended into ONOS architecture,as well as,the evolution of ONOS controllers.This article will review use cases based on ONOS controllers in several application deployments.Moreover,the opportunities and challenges of open source SDN controllers will be discussed,exploring carriergrade ONOS for future real-world deployments,ONOS unique features and identifying the suitable choice of SDN controller for service providers.In addition,we attempt to provide answers to several critical questions relating to the implications of the open-source nature of SDN controllers regarding vendor lock-in,interoperability,and standards compliance,Similarly,real-world use cases of organizations using open-source SDN are highlighted and how the open-source community contributes to the development of SDN controllers.Furthermore,challenges faced by open-source projects,and considerations when choosing an open-source SDN controller are underscored.Then the role of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)in the evolution of open-source SDN controllers in light of recent research is indicated.In addition,the challenges and limitations associated with deploying open-source SDN controllers in production networks,how can they be mitigated,and finally how opensource SDN controllers handle network security and ensure that network configurations and policies are robust and resilient are presented.Potential opportunities and challenges for future Open SDN deployment are outlined to conclude the article. 展开更多
关键词 ONOS open source software SDN software defined networking
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Information Centric Networking Based Cooperative Caching Framework for 5G Communication Systems
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作者 R.Mahaveerakannan Thanarajan Tamilvizhi +2 位作者 Sonia Jenifer Rayen Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf Habib Hamam 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第9期3945-3966,共22页
The demands on conventional communication networks are increasing rapidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia content.In light of the data-centric aspect of contemporary communication,the info... The demands on conventional communication networks are increasing rapidly because of the exponential expansion of connected multimedia content.In light of the data-centric aspect of contemporary communication,the information-centric network(ICN)paradigm offers hope for a solution by emphasizing content retrieval by name instead of location.If 5G networks are to meet the expected data demand surge from expanded connectivity and Internet of Things(IoT)devices,then effective caching solutions will be required tomaximize network throughput andminimize the use of resources.Hence,an ICN-based Cooperative Caching(ICN-CoC)technique has been used to select a cache by considering cache position,content attractiveness,and rate prediction.The findings show that utilizing our suggested approach improves caching regarding the Cache Hit Ratio(CHR)of 84.3%,Average Hop Minimization Ratio(AHMR)of 89.5%,and Mean Access Latency(MAL)of 0.4 s.Within a framework,it suggests improved caching strategies to handle the difficulty of effectively controlling data consumption in 5G networks.These improvements aim to make the network run more smoothly by enhancing content delivery,decreasing latency,and relieving congestion.By improving 5G communication systems’capacity tomanage the demands faced by modern data-centric applications,the research ultimately aids in advancement. 展开更多
关键词 Information-centric networking caching schemes 5G communication non-negative matrix factorization(NMF) weighted clustering algorithm
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Examining the Quality Metrics of a Communication Network with Distributed Software-Defined Networking Architecture
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作者 Khawaja Tahir Mehmood Shahid Atiq +2 位作者 Intisar Ali Sajjad Muhammad Majid Hussain Malik M.Abdul Basit 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第11期1673-1708,共36页
Software-Defined Networking(SDN),with segregated data and control planes,provides faster data routing,stability,and enhanced quality metrics,such as throughput(Th),maximum available bandwidth(Bd(max)),data transfer(DT... Software-Defined Networking(SDN),with segregated data and control planes,provides faster data routing,stability,and enhanced quality metrics,such as throughput(Th),maximum available bandwidth(Bd(max)),data transfer(DTransfer),and reduction in end-to-end delay(D(E-E)).This paper explores the critical work of deploying SDN in large-scale Data Center Networks(DCNs)to enhance its Quality of Service(QoS)parameters,using logically distributed control configurations.There is a noticeable increase in Delay(E-E)when adopting SDN with a unified(single)control structure in big DCNs to handle Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)requests causing a reduction in network quality parameters(Bd(max),Th,DTransfer,D(E-E),etc.).This article examines the network performance in terms of quality matrices(bandwidth,throughput,data transfer,etc.),by establishing a large-scale SDN-based virtual network in the Mininet environment.The SDN network is simulated in three stages:(1)An SDN network with unitary controller-POX to manage the data traffic flow of the network without the server load management algorithm.(2)An SDN network with only one controller to manage the data traffic flow of the network with a server load management algorithm.(3)Deployment of SDN in proposed control arrangement(logically distributed controlled framework)with multiple controllers managing data traffic flow under the proposed Intelligent Sensing Server Load Management(ISSLM)algorithm.As a result of this approach,the network quality parameters in large-scale networks are enhanced. 展开更多
关键词 Software defined networking quality of service hypertext transfer protocol data transfer rate LATENCY maximum available bandwidth server load management
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Networking Observation and Applications of Chinese Ocean Satellites
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作者 ZOU Bin LIU Yuxin 《空间科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期722-730,共9页
This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural la... This paper presents the networking observation capabilities of Chinese ocean satellites and their diverse applications in ocean disaster prevention,ecological monitoring,and resource development.Since the inaugural launch in 2002,China has achieved substantial advancements in ocean satellite technology,forming an observation system composed of the HY-1,HY-2,and HY-3 series satellites.These satellites are integral to global ocean environmental monitoring due to their high resolution,extensive coverage,and frequent observations.Looking forward,China aims to further enhance and expand its ocean satellite capabilities through ongoing projects to support global environmental protection and sustainable development. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese ocean satellites networking observation Ocean forecasting Ocean disaster prevention and mitigation Ocean ecological monitoring Ocean resource development Polar monitoring Terrestrial applications
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Insights into microbiota community dynamics and flavor development mechanism during golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)fermentation based on single-molecule real-time sequencing and molecular networking analysis 被引量:2
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作者 Yueqi Wang Qian Chen +5 位作者 Huan Xiang Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse Shengjun Chen Yongqiang Zhao Laihao Li Yanyan Wu 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期101-114,共14页
Popular fermented golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)is prepared via spontaneous fermentation;however,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its flavor development remain unclear.This study shows the roles of the ... Popular fermented golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)is prepared via spontaneous fermentation;however,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its flavor development remain unclear.This study shows the roles of the complex microbiota and the dynamic changes in microbial community and flavor compounds during fish fermentation.Single-molecule real-time sequencing and molecular networking analysis revealed the correlations among different microbial genera and the relationships between microbial taxa and volatile compounds.Mechanisms underlying flavor development were also elucidated via KEGG based functional annotations.Clostridium,Shewanella,and Staphylococcus were the dominant microbial genera.Forty-nine volatile compounds were detected in the fermented fish samples,with thirteen identified as characteristic volatile compounds(ROAV>1).Volatile profiles resulted from the interactions among the microorganisms and derived enzymes,with the main metabolic pathways being amino acid biosynthesis/metabolism,carbon metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.This study demonstrated the approaches for distinguishing key microbiota associated with volatile compounds and monitoring the industrial production of high-quality fermented fish products. 展开更多
关键词 Fermented golden pomfret Microbiota community Volatile compound Co-occurrence network Metabolic pathway
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PDE Standardization Analysis and Solution of TypicalMechanics Problems
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作者 Ningjie Wang Yihao Wang +1 位作者 Yongle Pei Luxian Li 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期171-186,共16页
A numerical approach is an effective means of solving boundary value problems(BVPs).This study focuses on physical problems with general partial differential equations(PDEs).It investigates the solution approach throu... A numerical approach is an effective means of solving boundary value problems(BVPs).This study focuses on physical problems with general partial differential equations(PDEs).It investigates the solution approach through the standard forms of the PDE module in COMSOL.Two typical mechanics problems are exemplified:The deflection of a thin plate,which can be addressed with the dedicated finite element module,and the stress of a pure bending beamthat cannot be tackled.The procedure for the two problems regarding the three standard forms required by the PDE module is detailed.The results were in good agreement with the literature,indicating that the PDE module provides a promising means to solve complex PDEs,especially for those a dedicated finite element module has yet to be developed. 展开更多
关键词 Three standard forms expression input PDE module deflection solution stress solution
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International Standardization of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology:Overlaps,Gaps and Challenges 被引量:1
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作者 Xiangjuan Jia Jing Xu +3 位作者 Mengwei Han Qing Zhang Lu Zhang Xiaofeng Chen 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2023年第11期1491-1523,共33页
As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process... As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain. 展开更多
关键词 ISO ITU-T IEEE blockchain distributed ledger technology international standard standardization status OVERLAPS GAPS CHALLENGES
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A Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection and Prevention System in Vehicular Named Data Networking 被引量:1
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作者 Arif Hussain Magsi Ali Ghulam +3 位作者 Saifullah Memon Khalid Javeed Musaed Alhussein Imad Rida 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2023年第11期1445-1465,共21页
Named Data Networking(NDN)is gaining a significant attention in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANET)due to its in-network content caching,name-based routing,and mobility-supporting characteristics.Nevertheless,existing ND... Named Data Networking(NDN)is gaining a significant attention in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANET)due to its in-network content caching,name-based routing,and mobility-supporting characteristics.Nevertheless,existing NDN faces three significant challenges,including security,privacy,and routing.In particular,security attacks,such as Content Poisoning Attacks(CPA),can jeopardize legitimate vehicles with malicious content.For instance,attacker host vehicles can serve consumers with invalid information,which has dire consequences,including road accidents.In such a situation,trust in the content-providing vehicles brings a new challenge.On the other hand,ensuring privacy and preventing unauthorized access in vehicular(VNDN)is another challenge.Moreover,NDN’s pull-based content retrieval mechanism is inefficient for delivering emergency messages in VNDN.In this connection,our contribution is threefold.Unlike existing rule-based reputation evaluation,we propose a Machine Learning(ML)-based reputation evaluation mechanism that identifies CPA attackers and legitimate nodes.Based on ML evaluation results,vehicles accept or discard served content.Secondly,we exploit a decentralized blockchain system to ensure vehicles’privacy by maintaining their information in a secure digital ledger.Finally,we improve the default routing mechanism of VNDN from pull to a push-based content dissemination using Publish-Subscribe(Pub-Sub)approach.We implemented and evaluated our ML-based classification model on a publicly accessible BurST-Asutralian dataset for Misbehavior Detection(BurST-ADMA).We used five(05)hybrid ML classifiers,including Logistic Regression,Decision Tree,K-Nearest Neighbors,Random Forest,and Gaussian Naive Bayes.The qualitative results indicate that Random Forest has achieved the highest average accuracy rate of 100%.Our proposed research offers the most accurate solution to detect CPA in VNDN for safe,secure,and reliable vehicle communication. 展开更多
关键词 Named data networking vehicular networks REPUTATION CACHING MACHINE-LEARNING
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