The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden.Although periphera...The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden.Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system,mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair,several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing.Based on the injury type,different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far.Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries,however these approaches own limitations,such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity.Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration,in fact,the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade.Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine,because of the ease of isolation procedures,stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities,which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest.In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models,highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.展开更多
Cell migration is a finely tuned biological process that often involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).EMT is typically characterized by the upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Snail1.This process has ...Cell migration is a finely tuned biological process that often involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).EMT is typically characterized by the upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Snail1.This process has been shown to be of critical importance to normal developmental processes,including neural crest migration and invasion.Interestingly,similar mechanisms are utilized in disease processes,such as tumor metastasis and migration.Notably,EMT and EMT-like processes confer tumor cells with the ability to migrate,invade,and adopt stem cell-like properties that largely account for immunosuppression and tumor recurrence.Therefore,identifying sensitive EMT markers may contribute to cancer prognosis and diagnosis in many facets.Previously,we showed that Elp3 plays an essential role during neural crest migration by stabilizing Snail1.In the current study,we further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer migration.We found that mElp3 exerted an identical function to xElp3 in modulating neural crest migration,and both HAT and SAM domains are imperative during this migratory process.Interestingly,overexpression of mElp3 in SW480 cells promoted cell migration and invasion,and we further showed that Elp3 stabilized Snail1 requiring integrity of both SAM and HAT domains.Our findings warrant further exploration of the specific target of Elp3 in cancer cells.展开更多
Dental stem cells(DSCs)are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues,and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells.The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches ...Dental stem cells(DSCs)are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues,and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells.The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches is attractive due to their simple isolation,high plasticity,immunomodulatory properties,and multipotential abilities.Using appropriate scaffolds loaded with favorable biomolecules,such as growth factors,and cytokines,can improve the proliferation,differentiation,migration,and functional capacity of DSCs and can optimize the cellular morphology to build tissue constructs for specific purposes.An enormous variety of scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering with DSCs.Of these,the scaffolds that particularly mimic tissue-specific micromilieu and loaded with biomolecules favorably regulate angiogenesis,cell-matrix interactions,degradation of extracellular matrix,organized matrix formation,and the mineralization abilities of DSCs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.DSCs represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering,especially for tooth,bone,and neural tissue restoration.The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current developments in the major scaffolding approaches as crucial guidelines for tissue engineering using DSCs and compare their effects in tissue and organ regeneration.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends of follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies from 2002 to 2011 on follic...OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends of follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies from 2002 to 2011 on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, using the key words follicle stem cell or melanocyte stem cell, and neural, neuro or nerve. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed published articles on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience, which were indexed in the Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Distribution of publications on follicle and melanocyte stem cells by years, journals, countries, institutions, institutions in China, and most cited papers. （2） Distribution of publications on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience by years, journals, countries, institutions, and most cited papers. RESULTS： Of the 348 publications from 2002 to 2011 on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, more than half were from American authors and institutes. The most prolific institutions in China for publication of papers on follicle and melanocyte stem cells were the Fourth Military Medical University and Third Military Medical University. The most prolific journals for publication of papers on follicle and melanocyte stem cells were the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Pigment Cell ＆ Melanoma Research. Of the 63 publications from 2002 to 2011 on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, more than half were from American authors and institutes, and no papers were from Chinese authors and institutes. The most prolific journals for publication of papers on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience were the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Pigment Cell ＆ Melanoma Research. CONCLUSION： Based on our analysis of the literature and research trends, we found that follicle stem cells might offer further benefits in neural regenerative medicine.展开更多
Neogenin is a transmembrane receptor critical for multiple cellular processes,including neurogenesis,astrogliogenesis,endochondral bone formation,and iron homeostasis.Here we present evidence that loss of neogenin con...Neogenin is a transmembrane receptor critical for multiple cellular processes,including neurogenesis,astrogliogenesis,endochondral bone formation,and iron homeostasis.Here we present evidence that loss of neogenin contributes to pathogenesis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV)formation,a genetic disorder accounting for^5% of blindness in the USA.Selective loss of neogenin in neural crest cells(as observed in Wntl-Cre;Neofff mice),but not neural stem cells(as observed in GFAP-Cre and Nestin-Cre;Neo^f/f mice),resulted in a dysregulation of neural crest cell migration or delamination,exhibiting features of PHPV-like pathology(e.g.elevated retrolental mass),unclosed retinal fissure,and microphthalmia.These results demonstrate an unrecognized function of neogenin in preventing PHPV pathogenesis,implicating neogenin regulation of neural crest cell delamination/migration and retinal fissure formation as potential underlying mechanisms of PHPV.展开更多
The TBX1 gene is considered to be the most important gene in the aetiology of DiGeorge syndrome （DGS）.DGS is a human disorder characterised by a number of phenotypic features involving abnormal development of pharyn...The TBX1 gene is considered to be the most important gene in the aetiology of DiGeorge syndrome （DGS）.DGS is a human disorder characterised by a number of phenotypic features involving abnormal development of pharyngeal arches, facial dysmorphogenesis and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. Retinoic acid （RA） deficiency also produces DGS-like phenotypes. The affectd tissues in DGS are derivatives of neural crest cells （NCCs）, which originate from the border between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm, migrate to specific destinations in the body, and generate a variety of derivatives. In our study, we have explored the hypothesis that tbxl affects NCC development in zebrafish by regulating RA signaling.展开更多
The cranial neural crest(CNC)cells play a vital role in craniofacial development and regeneration.They are multi-potent progenitors,being able to differentiate into various types of tissues.Both pre-migratory and post...The cranial neural crest(CNC)cells play a vital role in craniofacial development and regeneration.They are multi-potent progenitors,being able to differentiate into various types of tissues.Both pre-migratory and post-migratory CNC cells are plastic,taking on diverse fates by responding to different inductive signals.However,what sustains the multipotency ofCNCcells andderivatives remains largely unknown.In this study,we present evidence that FGF8 signaling is able to sustain progenitor status and multipotency of CNC-derived mesenchymal cells both in vivo and in vitro.We show that augmented FGF8 signaling in pre-migratory CNC cells prevents cell differentiation and organogenesis in the craniofacial region by maintaining their progenitor status.CNC-derived mesenchymal cells with Fgf8 overexpression or control cells in the presence of exogenous FGF8 exhibit prolonged survival,proliferation,and multi-potent differentiation capability in cell cultures.Remarkably,exogenous FGF8 also sustains the capability of CNC-derived mesenchymal cells to participate in organogenesis such as odontogenesis.Furthermore,FGF8-mediated signaling strongly promotes adipogenesis but inhibits osteogenesis of CNC-derived mesenchymal cells in vitro.Our results reveal a specific role for FGF8 in the maintenance of progenitor status and in fate determination of CNC cells,implicating a potential application in expansion and fate manipulation of CNC-derived cells in stem cell-based craniofacial regeneration.展开更多
文摘The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social burden.Although peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system,mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair,several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after healing.Based on the injury type,different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so far.Nerve grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries,however these approaches own limitations,such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site morbidity.Cell based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration,in fact,the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last decade.Dental pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine,because of the ease of isolation procedures,stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities,which are due to the embryological origin from neural crest.In this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models,highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81760503 and 81760660)the Applied Basic Research Key Project of Yunnan(Grant Nos.2018FE001(-318)and 2018FE001(-123))the Yunnan Health Science and Technology Plan Projects(Grant No.2016NS207).
文摘Cell migration is a finely tuned biological process that often involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).EMT is typically characterized by the upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Snail1.This process has been shown to be of critical importance to normal developmental processes,including neural crest migration and invasion.Interestingly,similar mechanisms are utilized in disease processes,such as tumor metastasis and migration.Notably,EMT and EMT-like processes confer tumor cells with the ability to migrate,invade,and adopt stem cell-like properties that largely account for immunosuppression and tumor recurrence.Therefore,identifying sensitive EMT markers may contribute to cancer prognosis and diagnosis in many facets.Previously,we showed that Elp3 plays an essential role during neural crest migration by stabilizing Snail1.In the current study,we further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer migration.We found that mElp3 exerted an identical function to xElp3 in modulating neural crest migration,and both HAT and SAM domains are imperative during this migratory process.Interestingly,overexpression of mElp3 in SW480 cells promoted cell migration and invasion,and we further showed that Elp3 stabilized Snail1 requiring integrity of both SAM and HAT domains.Our findings warrant further exploration of the specific target of Elp3 in cancer cells.
文摘Dental stem cells(DSCs)are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues,and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells.The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches is attractive due to their simple isolation,high plasticity,immunomodulatory properties,and multipotential abilities.Using appropriate scaffolds loaded with favorable biomolecules,such as growth factors,and cytokines,can improve the proliferation,differentiation,migration,and functional capacity of DSCs and can optimize the cellular morphology to build tissue constructs for specific purposes.An enormous variety of scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering with DSCs.Of these,the scaffolds that particularly mimic tissue-specific micromilieu and loaded with biomolecules favorably regulate angiogenesis,cell-matrix interactions,degradation of extracellular matrix,organized matrix formation,and the mineralization abilities of DSCs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.DSCs represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering,especially for tooth,bone,and neural tissue restoration.The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current developments in the major scaffolding approaches as crucial guidelines for tissue engineering using DSCs and compare their effects in tissue and organ regeneration.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends of follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies from 2002 to 2011 on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, using the key words follicle stem cell or melanocyte stem cell, and neural, neuro or nerve. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed published articles on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, and their application in neuroscience, which were indexed in the Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） a number of corrected papers from the total number of articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Distribution of publications on follicle and melanocyte stem cells by years, journals, countries, institutions, institutions in China, and most cited papers. （2） Distribution of publications on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience by years, journals, countries, institutions, and most cited papers. RESULTS： Of the 348 publications from 2002 to 2011 on follicle and melanocyte stem cells, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, more than half were from American authors and institutes. The most prolific institutions in China for publication of papers on follicle and melanocyte stem cells were the Fourth Military Medical University and Third Military Medical University. The most prolific journals for publication of papers on follicle and melanocyte stem cells were the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Pigment Cell ＆ Melanoma Research. Of the 63 publications from 2002 to 2011 on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience, which were retrieved from the Web of Science, more than half were from American authors and institutes, and no papers were from Chinese authors and institutes. The most prolific journals for publication of papers on the application of follicle and melanocyte stem cells in neuroscience were the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Pigment Cell ＆ Melanoma Research. CONCLUSION： Based on our analysis of the literature and research trends, we found that follicle stem cells might offer further benefits in neural regenerative medicine.
文摘Neogenin is a transmembrane receptor critical for multiple cellular processes,including neurogenesis,astrogliogenesis,endochondral bone formation,and iron homeostasis.Here we present evidence that loss of neogenin contributes to pathogenesis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous(PHPV)formation,a genetic disorder accounting for^5% of blindness in the USA.Selective loss of neogenin in neural crest cells(as observed in Wntl-Cre;Neofff mice),but not neural stem cells(as observed in GFAP-Cre and Nestin-Cre;Neo^f/f mice),resulted in a dysregulation of neural crest cell migration or delamination,exhibiting features of PHPV-like pathology(e.g.elevated retrolental mass),unclosed retinal fissure,and microphthalmia.These results demonstrate an unrecognized function of neogenin in preventing PHPV pathogenesis,implicating neogenin regulation of neural crest cell delamination/migration and retinal fissure formation as potential underlying mechanisms of PHPV.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30772352 and No. 30972959）.
文摘The TBX1 gene is considered to be the most important gene in the aetiology of DiGeorge syndrome （DGS）.DGS is a human disorder characterised by a number of phenotypic features involving abnormal development of pharyngeal arches, facial dysmorphogenesis and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. Retinoic acid （RA） deficiency also produces DGS-like phenotypes. The affectd tissues in DGS are derivatives of neural crest cells （NCCs）, which originate from the border between the neural plate and non-neural ectoderm, migrate to specific destinations in the body, and generate a variety of derivatives. In our study, we have explored the hypothesis that tbxl affects NCC development in zebrafish by regulating RA signaling.
基金This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health(R01DE24152 and R01DE14044 to Y.C.)the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB944800)to W.T.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371134)to T.H.
文摘The cranial neural crest(CNC)cells play a vital role in craniofacial development and regeneration.They are multi-potent progenitors,being able to differentiate into various types of tissues.Both pre-migratory and post-migratory CNC cells are plastic,taking on diverse fates by responding to different inductive signals.However,what sustains the multipotency ofCNCcells andderivatives remains largely unknown.In this study,we present evidence that FGF8 signaling is able to sustain progenitor status and multipotency of CNC-derived mesenchymal cells both in vivo and in vitro.We show that augmented FGF8 signaling in pre-migratory CNC cells prevents cell differentiation and organogenesis in the craniofacial region by maintaining their progenitor status.CNC-derived mesenchymal cells with Fgf8 overexpression or control cells in the presence of exogenous FGF8 exhibit prolonged survival,proliferation,and multi-potent differentiation capability in cell cultures.Remarkably,exogenous FGF8 also sustains the capability of CNC-derived mesenchymal cells to participate in organogenesis such as odontogenesis.Furthermore,FGF8-mediated signaling strongly promotes adipogenesis but inhibits osteogenesis of CNC-derived mesenchymal cells in vitro.Our results reveal a specific role for FGF8 in the maintenance of progenitor status and in fate determination of CNC cells,implicating a potential application in expansion and fate manipulation of CNC-derived cells in stem cell-based craniofacial regeneration.
