Lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases,or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders....Lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases,or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.Mitochondrial dysfunction,lipofuscin accumulation,autophagy disruption,and ferroptosis have been implicated as the critical pathomechanisms of lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in these disorders.Currently,the connection between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation and the initial cause or consequence in neurodegeneration processes is unclear.In this review,we have compiled the known mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation triggers iron accumulation and lipofuscin formation,and the effect of iron overload on lipid peroxidation and cellular function.The vicious cycle established between both pathological alterations may lead to the development of neurodegeneration.Therefore,the investigation of these mechanisms is essential for exploring therapeutic strategies to restrict neurodegeneration.In addition,we discuss the interplay between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in neurodegeneration,particularly in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration,a rare neurodegenerative disease with autosomal recessive inheritance,which belongs to the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.展开更多
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal g...Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal ganglia.The predominant clinical symptoms include spasticity,progressive dystonia,Parkinson's disease-like symptoms,neuropsychiatric alterations,and retinal degeneration.Among the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders,the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration(PKAN) caused by defects in the gene encoding the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2(PANK2)which catalyzed the first reaction of the coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway.Currently there is no effective treatment to prevent the inexorable course of these disorders.The aim of this review is to open up a discussion on the utility of using cellular models derived from patients as a valuable tool for the development of precision medicine in PKAN.Recently,we have described that dermal fibroblasts obtained from PKAN patients can manifest the main pathological changes of the disease such as intracellular iron accumulation accompanied by large amounts of lipofuscin granules,mitochondrial dysfunction and a pronounced increase of markers of oxidative stress.In addition,PKAN fibroblasts showed a morphological senescence-like phenotype.Interestingly,pantothenate supplementation,the substrate of the PANK2 enzyme,corrected all pathophysiological alterations in responder PKAN fibroblasts with low/residual PANK2 enzyme expression.However,pantothenate treatment had no favourable effect on PKAN fibroblasts harbouring mutations associated with the expression of a truncated/incomplete protein.The correction of pathological alterations by pantothenate in individual mutations was also verified in induced neurons obtained by direct reprograming of PKAN fibroblasts.Our observations indicate that pantothenate supplementation can increase/stabilize the expression levels of PANK2 in specific mutations.Fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients can provide a useful tool for recognizing PKAN patients who can respond to pantothenate treatment.The presence of low but significant PANK2 expression which can be increased in particular mutations gives valuable information which can support the treatment with high dose of pantothenate.The evaluation of personalized treatments in vitro of fibroblasts and neuronal cells derived from PKAN patients with a wide range of pharmacological options currently available,and monitoring its effect on the pathophysiological changes,can help for a better therapeutic strategy.In addition,these cell models will be also useful for testing the efficacy of new therapeutic options developed in the future.展开更多
目的探讨中国脑内铁沉积神经变性病(neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation,NBIA)患者的临床特点及PLA2G6基因的突变特点。方法对3个NBIA家系、6个散发性NBIA患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合DNA直接...目的探讨中国脑内铁沉积神经变性病(neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation,NBIA)患者的临床特点及PLA2G6基因的突变特点。方法对3个NBIA家系、6个散发性NBIA患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合DNA直接序列分析方法,对NBIA患者进行PLA2G6基因突变研究。结果所有患者主要表现为锥体外系症状;头部MRI T2加权像表现双侧苍白球、黑质等部位对称性低信号,其中1家系在苍白球低信号区的前内侧出现高信号,即"虎眼征";本组NBIA患者未发现PLA2G6基因的致病突变,共发现7个多态,分别为c.C511T、c.G87A、IVS2+16C→T、IVS4+71A→G、IVS5+43C→T、IVS6+19G→A、和IVS15+55G→A,其中2个(c.C511T、IVS6+19G→A)为新发现的多态。结论根据临床和头部MRI特征可临床诊断NBIA,中国人NBIA患者PLA2G6基因突变可能罕见。展开更多
目的探讨苍白球黑质红核色素变性病(neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation,NBIA)的临床特征及相关致病基因突变。方法回顾性分析同一NBIA家系的临床特征,应用PCR结合DNA直接测序法进行PLA2G6基因突变检测。结果 NBIA的主要...目的探讨苍白球黑质红核色素变性病(neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation,NBIA)的临床特征及相关致病基因突变。方法回顾性分析同一NBIA家系的临床特征,应用PCR结合DNA直接测序法进行PLA2G6基因突变检测。结果 NBIA的主要临床表现为锥体外系症状;影像学表现为头部MRI T2加权像呈双侧苍白球、黑质部位对称性低信号,苍白球低信号区的前内侧出现高信号;NBIA家系患者未发现PLA2G6基因的致病突变,发现1个多态,为c.G87A。结论 NBIA临床诊断可根据临床表现及影像学特征表现,中国人NBIA患者PLA2G6基因突变可能罕见。展开更多
基金supported by FIS PI16/00786(2016)and FIS PI19/00377(2019)grantsthe Ministerio de Sanidad,Spain and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER Unión Europea)Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport.This activity has been co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)and by the Regional Ministry of Economic Transformation,Industry,Knowledge and Universities of the Junta de Andalucía,within the framework of the ERDF Andalusia operational program 2014-2020 Thematic objective“01-Reinforcement of research,technological development and innovation”through the reference research project CTS-5725 and PY18-850(to JASA).
文摘Lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases,or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.Mitochondrial dysfunction,lipofuscin accumulation,autophagy disruption,and ferroptosis have been implicated as the critical pathomechanisms of lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in these disorders.Currently,the connection between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation and the initial cause or consequence in neurodegeneration processes is unclear.In this review,we have compiled the known mechanisms by which lipid peroxidation triggers iron accumulation and lipofuscin formation,and the effect of iron overload on lipid peroxidation and cellular function.The vicious cycle established between both pathological alterations may lead to the development of neurodegeneration.Therefore,the investigation of these mechanisms is essential for exploring therapeutic strategies to restrict neurodegeneration.In addition,we discuss the interplay between lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation in neurodegeneration,particularly in PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration,a rare neurodegenerative disease with autosomal recessive inheritance,which belongs to the group of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders.
基金supported by FIS PI16/00786 grant,Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ,Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER-Unión Europea),Proyectos de Investigación de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía CTS-5725AEPMI(Asociación de Enfermos de Patología Mitocondrial) and ENACH(Asociación de Enfermos de Neurodegeneración con Acumulación Cerebral de Hierro)(to JASA)
文摘Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal ganglia.The predominant clinical symptoms include spasticity,progressive dystonia,Parkinson's disease-like symptoms,neuropsychiatric alterations,and retinal degeneration.Among the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders,the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration(PKAN) caused by defects in the gene encoding the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2(PANK2)which catalyzed the first reaction of the coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway.Currently there is no effective treatment to prevent the inexorable course of these disorders.The aim of this review is to open up a discussion on the utility of using cellular models derived from patients as a valuable tool for the development of precision medicine in PKAN.Recently,we have described that dermal fibroblasts obtained from PKAN patients can manifest the main pathological changes of the disease such as intracellular iron accumulation accompanied by large amounts of lipofuscin granules,mitochondrial dysfunction and a pronounced increase of markers of oxidative stress.In addition,PKAN fibroblasts showed a morphological senescence-like phenotype.Interestingly,pantothenate supplementation,the substrate of the PANK2 enzyme,corrected all pathophysiological alterations in responder PKAN fibroblasts with low/residual PANK2 enzyme expression.However,pantothenate treatment had no favourable effect on PKAN fibroblasts harbouring mutations associated with the expression of a truncated/incomplete protein.The correction of pathological alterations by pantothenate in individual mutations was also verified in induced neurons obtained by direct reprograming of PKAN fibroblasts.Our observations indicate that pantothenate supplementation can increase/stabilize the expression levels of PANK2 in specific mutations.Fibroblasts and induced neurons derived from patients can provide a useful tool for recognizing PKAN patients who can respond to pantothenate treatment.The presence of low but significant PANK2 expression which can be increased in particular mutations gives valuable information which can support the treatment with high dose of pantothenate.The evaluation of personalized treatments in vitro of fibroblasts and neuronal cells derived from PKAN patients with a wide range of pharmacological options currently available,and monitoring its effect on the pathophysiological changes,can help for a better therapeutic strategy.In addition,these cell models will be also useful for testing the efficacy of new therapeutic options developed in the future.
文摘目的探讨中国脑内铁沉积神经变性病(neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation,NBIA)患者的临床特点及PLA2G6基因的突变特点。方法对3个NBIA家系、6个散发性NBIA患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)结合DNA直接序列分析方法,对NBIA患者进行PLA2G6基因突变研究。结果所有患者主要表现为锥体外系症状;头部MRI T2加权像表现双侧苍白球、黑质等部位对称性低信号,其中1家系在苍白球低信号区的前内侧出现高信号,即"虎眼征";本组NBIA患者未发现PLA2G6基因的致病突变,共发现7个多态,分别为c.C511T、c.G87A、IVS2+16C→T、IVS4+71A→G、IVS5+43C→T、IVS6+19G→A、和IVS15+55G→A,其中2个(c.C511T、IVS6+19G→A)为新发现的多态。结论根据临床和头部MRI特征可临床诊断NBIA,中国人NBIA患者PLA2G6基因突变可能罕见。
文摘目的探讨苍白球黑质红核色素变性病(neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation,NBIA)的临床特征及相关致病基因突变。方法回顾性分析同一NBIA家系的临床特征,应用PCR结合DNA直接测序法进行PLA2G6基因突变检测。结果 NBIA的主要临床表现为锥体外系症状;影像学表现为头部MRI T2加权像呈双侧苍白球、黑质部位对称性低信号,苍白球低信号区的前内侧出现高信号;NBIA家系患者未发现PLA2G6基因的致病突变,发现1个多态,为c.G87A。结论 NBIA临床诊断可根据临床表现及影像学特征表现,中国人NBIA患者PLA2G6基因突变可能罕见。
