Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions.Therefore,they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiological...Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions.Therefore,they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically.Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress;the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis.As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia,acidosis occurs.The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers.The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers,ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies.In particular,in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses,the new biomarkers could be useful.Moreover,they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance.Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells,which require a high vascular supply.展开更多
Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NETs)are rare tumors that are increasing in incidence.NETs are characterized by heterogeneous biological behaviour,clinical presentation and course.A sensitive and specific diagnostic and prog...Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NETs)are rare tumors that are increasing in incidence.NETs are characterized by heterogeneous biological behaviour,clinical presentation and course.A sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic circulating biomarker useful for all sites,grading and staging of neuroendocrine tumors is still an unmet need.The aim of this article was to review current neuroendocrine and oncologic scientific society guidelines and position statements,and propose recommendations for the most frequent clinical practice queries on circulating neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers.The authors searched for NCCN,NANETS,ESMO,ENETS,UKINETS,AME management guidelines or position statements available from PubMed up to 7th January 2016.From these results we chose guidelines or position statements published by scientific societies or institutions in USA,Europe and Italy with recognized expertise in neuroendocrine tumor patient management.The authors present suggestions for clinical practice based on this analysis.展开更多
文摘Neoplasms can be considered as a group of aberrant cells that need more vascular supply to fulfill all their functions.Therefore,they promote angiogenesis through the same neovascularization pathway used physiologically.Angiogenesis is a process characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of oxygen caused by the tumor and oxidative stress;the latter being one of the most powerful stimuli of angiogenesis.As a result of altered tumor metabolism due to hypoxia,acidosis occurs.The angiogenic process and oxidative stress can be detected by measuring serum and tissue biomarkers.The study of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and oxidative stress could lead to the identification of new biomarkers,ameliorating the selection of patients with neoplasms and the prediction of their response to possible anti-tumor therapies.In particular,in the treatment of patients with similar clinical tumor phenotypes but different prognoses,the new biomarkers could be useful.Moreover,they may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying drug resistance.Experimental studies show that blocking the vascular supply results in antiproliferative activity in vivo in neuroendocrine tumor cells,which require a high vascular supply.
文摘Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NETs)are rare tumors that are increasing in incidence.NETs are characterized by heterogeneous biological behaviour,clinical presentation and course.A sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic circulating biomarker useful for all sites,grading and staging of neuroendocrine tumors is still an unmet need.The aim of this article was to review current neuroendocrine and oncologic scientific society guidelines and position statements,and propose recommendations for the most frequent clinical practice queries on circulating neuroendocrine tumors biomarkers.The authors searched for NCCN,NANETS,ESMO,ENETS,UKINETS,AME management guidelines or position statements available from PubMed up to 7th January 2016.From these results we chose guidelines or position statements published by scientific societies or institutions in USA,Europe and Italy with recognized expertise in neuroendocrine tumor patient management.The authors present suggestions for clinical practice based on this analysis.
