Identification of hub genes associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus:A pilot bioinformatics study

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is related to various extragastric diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,the possible mechanisms connecting H.pylori infection and T2DM remain unknown.AIM To explore potential molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.METHODS We extracted gene expression arrays from three online datasets(GSE60427,GSE27411 and GSE115601).Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)commonly present in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM were identified.Hub genes were validated using human gastric biopsy samples.Correlations between hub genes and immune cell infiltration,miRNAs,and transcription factors(TFs)were further analyzed.RESULTS A total of 67 DEGs were commonly presented in patients with H.pylori infection and T2DM.Five significantly upregulated hub genes,including TLR4,ITGAM,C5AR1,FCER1G,and FCGR2A,were finally identified,all of which are closely related to immune cell infiltration.The gene-miRNA analysis detected 13 miRNAs with at least two gene cross-links.TF-gene interaction networks showed that TLR4 was coregulated by 26 TFs,the largest number of TFs among the 5 hub genes.CONCLUSION We identified five hub genes that may have molecular connections between H.pylori infection and T2DM.This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of H.pylori-induced onset of T2DM.

Hsa-miR-650通过靶向RAC1抑制NF2阴性脑膜瘤的生长

目的本文旨在确定NF2表达阴性脑膜瘤中潜在的miRNA-mRNA轴,研究它们的靶向关系,并确定它们的生物学功能。方法从基因表达数据库(GEO)下载包含与NF2阴性脑膜瘤相关数据的GSE17792数据集。使用R软件中的limma包确定差异表达的mi RNA(De MiRNAs)。应用miRWalk 2.0数据库获取De MiRNAs的靶基因。利用相互作用基因检索工具(STRING)数据库构建蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并通过Cytoscape软件确定核心基因。对筛选出的miRNA进一步验证其表达和生物学作用。结果在NF2阴性脑膜瘤肿瘤样本与蛛网膜组织对照组比较中发现了86个差异mi RNA,其中包括52个上调的mi RNAs和34个下调的miRNAs。在这些差异miRNA中鉴定出与274个靶基因相关的14个mi RNAs,并基于这些数据构建miRNA-靶基因网络。通过cyto Hubba分析显示,在PPI网络中有两个mi RNAs(hsa-miR-650和hsa-miR-623)位于前20个关键核心基因之中。进一步的定量逆转录PCR(q RT-PCR)实验证实,相对于正常脑组织,hsa-miR-650在NF2阴性脑膜瘤中的表达显著增高。下调hsa-miR-650抑制了NF2阴性脑膜瘤细胞的增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。最后,确定RAC1是hsa-miR-650的靶基因。结论Hsa-miR-650作为肿瘤促进剂,可能作为治疗NF2阴性脑膜瘤患者的治疗靶点。

Functional analysis of the novel mitochondrial tRNA^(Trp)and tRNA^(Ser(AGY))variants associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Mutations in mitochondrial tRNA(mt-tRNA)genes that result in mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).We previously reported a large Chinese pedigree with maternally inherited T2DM that harbors novel mt-tRNA^(Trp)A5514G and tRNA^(Ser(AGY))C12237T variants,however,the effects of these mt-tRNA variants on T2DM progression are largely unknown.AIM To assess the potential pathogenicity of T2DM-associated m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants at genetic,molecular,and biochemical levels.METHODS Cytoplasmic hybrid(cybrid)cells carrying both m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants,and healthy control cells without these mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)variants were generated using trans-mitochondrial technology.Mitochondrial features,including mt-tRNA steady-state level,levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),reactive oxygen species(ROS),mtDNA copy number,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)/NADH ratio,enzymatic activities of respiratory chain complexes(RCCs),8-hydroxy-deoxyguanine(8-OhdG),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were examined in cell lines with and without these mt-tRNA variants.RESULTS Compared with control cells,the m.A5514G variant caused an approximately 35%reduction in the steady-state level of mt-tRNA^(Trp)(P<0.0001);however,the m.C12237T variant did not affect the mt-tRNA^(Ser(AGY))steady-state level(P=0.5849).Biochemical analysis revealed that cells with both m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants exhibited more severe mitochondrial dysfunctions and elevated oxidative stress than control cells:ATP,MMP,NAD+/NADH ratio,enzyme activities of RCCs and SOD levels were markedly decreased in mutant cells(P<0.05 for all measures).By contrast,the levels of ROS,8-OhdG and MDA were significantly increased(P<0.05 for all measures),but mtDNA copy number was not affected by m.A5514G and m.C12237T variants(P=0.5942).CONCLUSION The m.A5514G variant impaired mt-tRNA^(Trp)metabolism,which subsequently caused mitochondrial dysfunction.The m.C12237T variant did not alter the steady-state level of mt-tRNA^(Ser(AGY)),indicating that it may be a modifier of the m.A5514G variant.The m.A5514G variant may exacerbate the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM in this Chinese pedigree.

Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes(T2D).There are no typical symptoms in the early stage,and the disease will progress to moderate and late stage when albuminuria reaches a high level.Treatment is difficult and the prognosis is poor.At present,the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease is still unclear,and it is believed that it is associated with genetic and environmental factors.AIM To explore the relationship between the glucokinase regulatory protein(GCKR)gene rs780094 polymorphism and T2D with albuminuria.METHODS We selected 252 patients(126 males and 126 females)with T2D admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2020,and 66 healthy people(44 females and 22 males).According to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,the subjects were divided into group I(control),group II(T2D with normoalbuminuria),group III(T2D with microalbuminuria),and group IV(T2D with macroalbuminuria).Additionly,the subjects were divided into group M(normal group)or group N(albuminuria group)according to whether they developed albuminuria.We detected the GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism(C/T)of all subjects,and measured the correlation between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism(C/T)and T2D with albuminuria.RESULTS Gene distribution and genotype distribution among groups I-IV accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Genotype frequency was significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.048, χ^(2)= 7.906). T allele frequency in groups II, III, and IV was significantly higherthan that in group I. Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for T2D with albuminuria showed that the CT +TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.710, 95% confidence interval: 1.172-2.493) was a risk factor.CONCLUSION CT + TT genotype is a risk factor for T2D with albuminuria. In the future, we can assess the risk of individualscarrying susceptible genes to delay the onset of T2D.

Clinical and genetic features of Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2 with multiple electrolyte disturbances:A case report

BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism,which can be sporadic or a component of an inherited syndrome,is the most common cause of hypocalcemia.If hypocalcemia is accompanied by other electrolyte disturbances,such as hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia,then the cause,such as renal tubular disease,should be carefully identified.CASE SUMMARY An 18-year-old female visited our clinic because of short stature and facial deformities,including typical phenotypes,such as low ear position,depression of the nasal bridge,small hands and feet,and loss of dentition.The lab results suggested normal parathyroid hormone but hypocalcemia.In addition,multiple electrolyte disturbances were found,including hypokalemia,hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.The physical signs showed a short fourth metatarsal bone of both feet.The X-ray images showed cortical thickening of long bones and narrowing of the medulla of the lumen.Cranial computed tomography indicated calcification in the bilateral basal ganglia.Finally,the genetic investigation showed a de novo heterogenous mutation of“FAM111A”(c.G1706A:p.R569H).Through a review of previously reported cases,the mutation was found to be the most common mutation site in Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2(KCS2)cases reported thus far(16/23,69.6%).The mutation was slightly more prevalent in females than in males(11/16,68.8%).Except for hypocalcemia,other clinical manifestations are heterogeneous.CONCLUSION As a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease of hypoparathyroidism,the clinical manifestations of KCS2 are atypical and diverse.This girl presented with short stature,facial deformities and skeletal deformities.The laboratory results revealed hypocalcemia as the main electrolyte disturbance.Even though her family members showed normal phenotypes,gene detection was performed to find the mutation of the FAM111A gene and confirmed the diagnosis of KCS2.

Roles of the Apolipoprotein E Gene and Its Polymorphisms in the Etiopathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Atherosclerotic Complication in Senegalese Females

Lipid metabolism disorders would be among the components responsible for the risk of the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in lipid metabolism. We studied the involvement of the APOE gene in the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed in each participant. APOE genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP. Arterial stiffness was studied using a pOpmetre® which evaluates the pulse wave velocity (ft-PWV). Endothelial dysfunction was studied using an EndoPAT2000® which measures endothelium-dependent vasodilation (RHI). In control subjects, the ε3 allele was associated with an increase in fasting blood glucose (r = 2.36, p = 0.018), and a decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (r = −2.17, p = 0.03), and ε4 was associated with an increase in total cholesterol (r = 2.59, p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = 2.84, p = 0.004), and No-HDL cholesterol (r = 2.74, p = 0.006). In type 2 diabetes subjects, the ε2 was associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (r = −2.25, p = 0.02). The ε3 was associated with a decrease in ft-PWV (r = −2.26, p = 0.024) while the ε4 was associated with an increase in ft-PWV (r = 2.52, p = 0.012). Carrying the ε2ε3 genotype would have in 99% a limited risk of developing T2DM, and in event of T2DM, only 1 to 2% would have a significant risk of developing atherosclerosis, which would be severe in 17%. Of the ε2ε4 genotype, 93% had a limited or even possible risk of developing T2DM, the remaining 7% had a very high risk of developing T2DM. Diabetics carrying ε2ε4 had in 7% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis. The latter had a 20% very high risk of being very severe. Subjects carrying the ε3ε4 genotype had a 67% possible or even probable risk of developing T2DM and in the event of diabetes, there was in 34% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis which will not have even the time to evolve towards severity. For subjects carrying the ε3ε3, the risk of developing T2DM and athérosclerosis was higher than that of the ε2ε3, and ε2ε4 genotypes but lower than that ε3ε4 genotype. The physio-pathological role of the APOE gene and the impacts of its polymorphisms are important in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Neurofibromatosis type 2 gene mutation and progesterone receptor messenger RNA expression in the pathogenesis of sporadic orbitocranial meningioma

AIM: To investigate neurofibromatosis type 2(NF2) gene mutation at mRNA levels in sporadic orbitocranial meningioma and its association with progesterone receptor(PR) mR NA expression.METHODS: This was a case-control study. Thirty-four sporadic meningioma patients with no familial NF2-related meningioma history were recruited. They were interviewed for their obstetric, gynecologic, and contraception history. PR investigation was performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). NF2 mutation was investigated using Qbiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Assay at NF2 mRNA level after its cDNA extraction(four mRNA mutation cytoband coordinates for nucleotide change: c.634 C>T/p.Q212, c.655 G>A/p.V219 M, c.784 C>T/p.R262 and c.1228 C>T/p. Q410). RESULTS: After mutation analysis at mRNA level, NF2 gene mutation was found in 35.29% patients. Non-mutation group was strongly associated with exogenous hormonal exposure(non-mutation vs mutation: 95.5% vs 83.3%, P<0.001). PR mR NA was found significantly lower in nonmutation group(P=0.033) which presumed as long term exogenous progesterone exposure. However, mutation group was associated with higher rate of progression to gradeⅡ(mutation vs non-mutation, 18.2% vs 5%, P<0.001) and was associated more in fibrous and anaplastic tumor tissue.CONCLUSION: NF2 mutation-meningioma is associated with higher grade of meningioma. Non NF2 mutationmeningioma is strongly associated with exogenous progesterone exposure and lower PR expression.

奇异南星挥发油通过miR-762/NF2轴对甲状腺癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响

目的探讨奇异南星挥发油(ADVO)对甲状腺癌细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及可能作用机制。方法用含不同浓度ADVO培养液培养甲状腺癌TPC-1细胞48 h,CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,筛选最适作用浓度;TPC-1细胞分为空白组(常规培养)、ADVO组(60μg/mL ADVO)、miR-762 mimics组(转染miR-762 mimics)、miR-762 mimics NC组(转染miR-762 mimics NC)、ADVO+miR-762 mimics组(60μg/mL ADVO+转染miR-762 mimics)、ADVO+miR-762 mimics NC组(60μg/mL ADVO+转染miR-762 mimics NC)并培养,行CCK-8法、流式细胞术、Transwell小室实验;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-762与2型神经纤维瘤(Neurofibromatosis type 2,NF2)基因的靶向关系;RT-qPCR法检测miR-762及NF2 mRNA相对表达水平;Western blot实验检测Merlin、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)、p-YAP1、裂解半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(C-caspase-3)、E钙粘附蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)相对表达水平。结果TPC-1细胞存活率随ADVO作用浓度增大而降低(P<0.05),60μg/mL ADVO浓度作用下的细胞存活率接近50%;与空白组比较,ADVO组细胞存活率、miR-762及YAP1、Vimentin蛋白相对表达水平降低,细胞凋亡率、NF2 mRNA与Merlin、p-YAP1、C-caspase-3和E-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平升高、细胞迁移及侵袭数减少(P<0.05),miR-762 mimics组细胞存活率、miR-762及YAP1、Vimentin蛋白相对表达水平升高,细胞凋亡率、NF2 mRNA与Merlin、p-YAP1、C-caspase-3和E-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平降低、细胞迁移及侵袭数增加(P<0.05);ADVO可减弱miR-762过表达的作用效果,抑制TPC-1细胞恶性生物学行为(P<0.05);经生物信息学预测和双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证,NF2基因可能为miR-762的潜在靶基因。结论ADVO可抑制TPC-1细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移并促进其凋亡,其作用机制可能与抑制miR-762表达并提高其靶基因NF2编码Merlin蛋白水平,激活相关抑癌信号有关。

腺苷脱氨酶2缺乏症临床特征与基因型分析

目的总结3例腺苷脱氨酶2(ADA 2)缺乏症患儿的临床特征及基因型特点,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析3例ADA2缺乏症患儿的临床特点并利用全外显子测序进行遗传学分析。利用试剂盒测定患儿血浆中ADA2酶的活性。总结该病的临床及基因型特征。结果本组3例患儿均存在ADA2基因变异,例1以反复发热、皮疹、惊厥为主要临床表现,合并脑卒中,伴炎症指标明显升高,ADA2基因存在复合杂合变异:c.139G>T和c.484T>C突变。例2以反复发热、皮疹为主要临床表现,病程中合并消化道穿孔、脑卒中,炎症指标明显升高。WES检测发现ADA2基因存在c.916C>T及c.1069G>A复合杂合突变。例3以反复发热、咳嗽为主要临床表现,合并心肌炎,伴免疫功能明显下降;WES检测发现患者ADA2基因存在c.849T>G纯合突变。血浆ADA2酶活性测定发现例1和2酶活性显著降低。结论ADA2缺乏症国内罕见,临床特征多变,掌握其临床特征及基因特点,有助于提高诊断水平。

2型糖尿病合并骨质疏松患者PTH及ER基因多态性分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)患者甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)及雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)基因多态性特点。方法选取2022年11月至2023年10月在昆明市第一人民医院内分泌科住院的来自昆明地区T2DM患者110例,根据骨密度结果将其分组为T2DM无OP组(n=68,T≥-1.0)、T2DM伴OP组(n=42,T≤-2.5),检测其PTH及ER基因型及等位基因频率,比较其与性别、身高、体重等临床指标间的差异。结果回归分析显示,T2DM合并OP与患者性别、体重相关(P<0.05),而PTH基因、ER基因多态性则无相关性(P>0.05)。结论性别和体重是T2DM患者骨质疏松发生的独立危险因素;PTH基因、ER基因多态性与昆明地区T2DM伴OP的遗传易感性无关。

木糖醇通过调节PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/NF-κB通路改善2型糖尿病小鼠肾损伤

目的探究木糖醇改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)肾损伤的作用机制。方法将小鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病对照组(DC组)、10%木糖醇组(DX10组)、20%木糖醇组(DX20组),每组6只。除NC组外,其余各组小鼠均用链脲佐菌素(40 mg/kg)构建T2DM模型。造模成功后,在正常饲料中加入不同比例的木糖醇连续喂养8周。通过试剂盒检测小鼠空腹血糖(FBG);采用ELISA法测定血清中白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;比色法检测肾组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC);苏木精-伊红(H-E)染色观察肾组织的形态学变化;Western-blot法检测小鼠肾组织p-PI3K、PI3K、p-Akt、Akt、p-FoxO1、FoxO1、NF-κB、ICAM-1、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达情况。结果(1)与NC组比较,DC组FBG升高(P<0.01),木糖醇干预后下降,且DX20组下降更显著(P<0.05);(2)与NC组比较,DC组IL-6和TNF-α分泌增加(P<0.0001),木糖醇干预后均下降,且DX20组下降更显著(P<0.0001);(3)与NC组比较,DC组CAT和T-AOC活性下降、MDA含量升高(P<0.01),木糖醇干预后,CAT和T-AOC活性升高而MDA含量降低(P<0.05),且DX20组变化更显著(P<0.05);(4)H-E染色显示,木糖醇干预可改善小鼠糖尿病肾损伤,且DX20组效果更佳(P<0.05);(5)Western-blot检测显示,与NC组比较,DC组小鼠肾组织中p-PI3K、p-Akt、p-FoxO1和Bcl-2/Bax均降低(P<0.0001,P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.001)、NF-κB入核增多(P<0.0001)、ICAM-1升高(P<0.01);与DC组比较,木糖醇干预可逆转相关蛋白的变化,且DX20组变化更显著(P<0.05)。结论木糖醇可通过活化PI3K/Akt/FoxO1及抑制NF-κB通路改善T2DM小鼠肾损伤。

PXR基因单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病患病风险的关系

目的探讨孕烷X受体(PXR)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患病风险的关系。方法选择T2DM患者285例(观察组)、同期体检健康的志愿者230例(对照组),采集所有研究对象空腹外周静脉血,提取基因组DNA,然后对PXR基因rs1523127、rs3814055、rs6785049位点进行测序和基因分型;采用ELISA法检测血清PXR、葡萄糖转运体2(GLUT2)、葡萄糖激酶(GCK)。比较两组PXR基因rs1523127、rs3814055、rs6785049位点基因型及等位基因频率,以及血清PXR、GLUT2、GCK水平。分析PXR基因SNP与T2DM患病风险的关系。结果经Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡检验,两组PXR基因不同位点基因型、等位基因频率均符合遗传平衡定律。两组PXR基因rs1523127、rs6785049位点基因型及等位基因频率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。观察组PXR基因rs3814055位点CT/TT基因型及T等位基因频率均高于对照组(P均<0.05),携带CT、TT基因型者罹患T2DM的优势比(OR)分别为携带CC基因型者的1.591、2.398倍,携带T等位基因者罹患T2DM的OR为携带C等位基因者的1.638倍。观察组血清PXR水平高于对照组,血清GLUT2、GCK水平低于对照组(P均<0.05)。T2DM患者PXR基因rs3814055位点CT/TT基因型者血清PXR水平高于CC基因型者,血清GLUT2、GCK水平低于CC基因型者(P均<0.05)。结论PXR基因rs3814055位点C等位基因突变为T等位基因能够增加其转录活性,抑制血清GLUT2、GCK水平,使其糖耐量受损,进而增加T2DM的患病风险。

血清HbA1c、LAG-3与2型糖尿病患者合并甲状腺结节的相关性

目的探究血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、淋巴细胞活化基因-3(LAG-3)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并甲状腺结节的相关性。方法纳入河北医科大学第三医院2021年7月至2022年7月收治的T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者120例,设为研究组;同期选取单纯T2DM患者(无甲状腺结节)100例作为对照组。根据甲状腺结节的病理学检查结果将研究组分为良性结节组(85例)和恶性结节组(35例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测所有研究对象血清LAG-3水平;全自动糖化血红蛋白分析仪检测所有研究对象HbA1c水平。采用Spearman法分析T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者血清中HbA1c、LAG-3与甲状腺影像报告与数据系统(TI-RADS)评分的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM合并甲状腺结节的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HbA1c、LAG-3水平对T2DM合并甲状腺结节的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,研究组HbA1c水平升高(P<0.05),LAG-3水平降低(P<0.05)。与良性结节组比较,恶性结节组血清中LAG-3水平降低(P<0.05),HbA1c水平升高(P<0.05)。Spearman法分析结果显示,T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者HbA1c水平与TI-RADS评分呈正相关(r=0.378,P<0.001);血清LAG-3水平与TI-RADS评分呈负相关(r=-0.472,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,HbA1c是T2DM患者发生甲状腺结节的危险因素(P<0.05),LAG-3是T2DM患者发生甲状腺结节的保护因素(P<0.05)。HbA1c、LAG-3联合诊断T2DM合并甲状腺结节优于二者单独诊断(Z二者联合-HbA1c=2.542,P=0.011;Z二者联合-LAG-3=3.098,P=0.002)。结论T2DM合并甲状腺结节患者血清LAG-3水平明显降低,HbA1c水平明显升高,二者与甲状腺结节的恶性程度有关。

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术的灵芝改善2型糖尿病作用机制

目的应用网络药理学方法探讨灵芝在改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)中的作用机制。方法通过TCMSP筛选灵芝化学成分,使用SWISS Target Prediction导入主要成分的SMILE name获取单个基因名;结合DisGeNET和GeneCards获取疾病基因;利用Venn数据库筛选出交集靶点;在微生信平台构建活性成分和疾病靶点网络;利用STRING和Cytoscape数据库构建PPI网络;使用DAVID数据库进行GO和KEGG功能富集分析;使用AutoDock数据库进行分子对接。结果灵芝和2型糖尿病的共同靶点有146个;PPI网络包含灵芝和2型糖尿病共同目标有146个节点和2201条“边”;筛选出灵芝5个活性成分及与T2DM相关靶点146个;重要活性成分包括Methyl lucidenate F、环氧灵芝醇A、赤灵芝酸E、赤芝酮A、Methyl lucidenate Q,核心靶点包括PGR、PTPN1、NR3C2等;KEGG主要通路富集于卵母细胞减数分裂、NF-kappa B信号通路、长寿调节途径等;分子对接结果显示,化合物和重要靶位之间具有很强的融合作用。结论本研究进一步发现了灵芝中含有Methyl lucidenate F、环氧灵芝醇A、赤紫芝酸e、赤芝酸A、Methyl lucidenate Q等活性成分,为灵芝治疗2型糖尿病的核心组分,通过控制关键治疗靶点NR3C2和HSD11B2,影响NF-kappaB binding信息通路,从而达到改善2型糖尿病的效果。

一个格里塞利综合征2型家系分析

目的探讨由RAB27A基因缺陷导致的格里塞利综合征2型(Griscelli syndrome type 2,GS2)的临床及免疫学特征。方法收集1家系2例GS2患儿组成的临床资料、生化检查及病理活检结果,采集头发显微镜检查,抽取外周静脉血进行免疫系统基因外显子阵列测序,桑格测序验证患儿及父母RAB27A基因突变位点,采用蛋白印迹法检测外周血单个核细胞RAB27A蛋白表达水平,采用流式细胞术进行CTL细胞及NK细胞毒性功能检测,健康对照为正常同龄儿童。结果2例患者为亲兄妹,生后均表现毛发色素减退合,均以反复发热、反复呼吸道感染合并噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(HLH)为主要临床表现,妹妹伴全身弥漫靶形损害样皮疹。2例患者头发内均有不规则黑色素团块堆积,妹妹皮损组织病理示表皮基底层黑色素细胞不规则分布,RAB27A基因5号外显子发生c.377 delC纯合移码突变,其父母为近亲结婚,均为携带者,2例患儿RAB27A蛋白表达均明显降低,NK细胞及CTL的细胞毒功能均受损。2例患儿均未接受化疗及造血干细胞移植(HSCT),先后因HLH死亡。结论GS2的确诊依赖临床表现及基因检测,免疫功能检测亦有助于诊断,同种异体造血干细胞移植是目前根治GS2的唯一方法。

绝经后2型糖尿病患者护骨因子基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点多态性及突变与骨代谢的关系

目的探讨绝经后2型糖尿病患者护骨因子(OPG)基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点多态性及突变与骨代谢的关系。方法选取2020年10月至2021年10月就诊于石河子大学第一附属医院的绝经后女性200例,根据病情分为糖耐量及骨量正常组(A组,52例)、糖耐量正常但骨量异常组(B组,43例)、骨量正常的2型糖尿病组(C组,47例)、2型糖尿病合并骨量异常组(D组,58例)。收集患者年龄、身高、体重、绝经年限等基线资料,计算BMI、腰臀比。用罗氏全自动生化分析仪测定甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、空腹血糖(FPG)等生物化学指标,HPLC测量糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),双能X线测量L1~4椎体及股骨颈骨密度,飞行时间质谱测定OPG基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点多态性及基因型分型。采用多元线性回归分析筛选骨密度的影响因素。使用SHEsis软件进行单核苷酸多态性位点的连锁不平衡分析及单体型分析。结果4组间年龄、BMI、腰臀比存在差异(P<0.05)。与A组、B组相比,C组、D组的FPG、HbA1c水平均升高(均P<0.05);与B组相比,C组HDL-C水平升高、ALP水平降低(均P<0.05);与C组相比,D组ALP水平升高(P<0.05);与A组、C组相比,B组、D组的L_(1~4)椎体骨密度及股骨颈骨密度水平均降低(均P<0.05)。OPG基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。rs4355801位点基因型及等位基因频率分布组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);与A组相比,C组、D组rs6993813位点基因型分布均存在差异(均P<0.05),而等位基因频率分布在各组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。C组rs4355801位点突变型患者FPG、HbA1c水平均低于野生型患者(均P<0.05),D组rs4355801位点突变型患者L_(1~4)椎体骨密度水平高于野生型患者(P<0.05),D组rs6993813位点突变型患者血磷水平低于野生型患者、股骨颈骨密度水平高于野生型患者(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,绝经年限增加及BMI、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C降低是绝经后女性L_(1~4)椎体骨密度降低的危险因素,绝经年限增加、HDL-C降低、血磷降低是股骨颈骨密度降低的危险因素;rs4355801位点AG基因型是绝经后女性L_(1~4)椎体骨密度、股骨颈骨密度增加的保护因素(均P<0.05)。rs4355801、rs6993813位点野生型与突变型绝经后女性骨密度的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。OPG基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点之间存在明显连锁不平衡关系(D’>0.9,r^(2)>0.3);携带GT单体型的绝经后女性骨量异常风险增高(P<0.05),携带AT单体型的绝经后女性骨量异常风险降低(P<0.05)。OPG基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点的交互作用未对绝经后女性骨密度产生影响(均P>0.05)。结论rs4355801位点突变可能参与了绝经后女性的骨代谢、糖代谢,rs6993813位点突变及多态性参与了绝经后女性的骨代谢。OPG基因rs4355801、rs6993813位点的明显连锁关系可能影响绝经后女性的骨密度。

Association of gene variants with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes among Omanis

AIM:To investigate the association of 10 known common gene variants with susceptibility to type 2diabetes mellitus(T2D)among Omanis.METHODS:Using case-control design,a total of992 diabetic patients and 294 normoglycemic Omani Arabs were genotyped,by an allelic discrimination assay-by-design TaqMan method on fast real time polymerase chain reaction system,for the following gene variants:KCNJ11(rs5219),TCF7L2(rs7903146),CDKAL1(rs10946398),CDKN2A/B(rs10811661),FTO(rs9939609 and rs8050136),IGF2BP2(rs4402960),SLC30A8(rs13266634)CAPN10(rs3792267)and HHEX(rs1111875).T2D patients were recruited from the Diabetes Clinic(n=243)and inpatients(n=749)at Sultan Qaboos Univesity Hospital(SQUH),Muscat,Oman.Adult control participants(n=294)were volunteers from the community and from those visiting Family Medicine Clinic at SQU,for regular medical checkup.The difficulty in recruiting Omani participants with no family history of diabetes was the main reason behind the small number of control participants in this study.Almost all volunteers questioned had a relativewith diabetes mellitus.Inspite of the small number of normoglycemic controls in this study,this sample was sufficient for detection of genes and loci for common alleles influencing T2D with an odds ratio of≥1.3reaching at least 80%power.Data was collected from June 2010 to February 2012.RESULTS:Using binary logistic regression analysis,four gene variants showed significant association with T2D risk:KCNJ11(rs5219,P=5.8×10^(-6),OR=1.74),TCF7L2(rs7903146,P=0.001,OR=1.46),CDKAL1(rs10946398,P=0.002,OR=1.44)and CDKN2A/B(rs10811661,P=0.020,OR=1.40).The fixation index analysis of these four gene variants indicated significant genetic differentiation between diabetics and controls{[KCNJ11(rs5219),P<0.001],[TCF7L2(rs7903146),P<0.001],[CDKAL1(rs10946398),P<0.05],[CDKN2A/B(rs10811661),P<0.05]}.The highest genotype variation%between diabetics and controls was found at KCNJ11(2.07%)and TCF7L2(1.62%).This study was not able to detect an association of T2D risk with gene variants of IGF2BP2(rs4402960),SLC30A8(rs13266634),CAPN10(rs3792267)and HHEX(rs1111875).Moreover,no association was found between FTO gene variants(rs9939609 and rs8050136)and T2D risk.However,T2D risk was found to be significantly associated with obesity(P=0.002,OR=2.22);and with the Waist-to-Hip ratio(n=532,P=1.9×10^(-7),OR=2.4),[among males(n=234,P=1.2×10^(-4),OR=2.0)and females(n=298,P=0.001,OR=6.3)].CONCLUSION:Results confirmed the association of KCNJ11(rs5219),TCF7L2(rs7903146),CDKAL1(rs10946398)and CDKN2A/B(rs10811661)gene variants with susceptibility to T2D among Omani Arabs.

儿童2型神经纤维瘤并肝豆状核变性一例报告并文献复习

目的探讨1例2型儿童神经纤维瘤并肝豆状核变性的临床特点及基因突变情况。方法收集分析2型神经纤维瘤并肝豆状核变性患儿的临床资料及基因结果。结果患儿,男,5岁11个月龄,因不自主左眼睑下垂4天就诊,既往有眼球震颤、左侧内斜和视力下降。DNA测序显示ATP7B基因存在复合杂合突变,该变异为已知致病突变,其中16号外显子上的c.3443T>C错义突变,遗传自表型正常母亲;12号外显子上的c.2804C>T错义突变,遗传自表型正常父亲。NF2基因存在c.1009C>T(p.Gln337*)无义突变,该变异未见文献报道。结论确诊了1例2型神经纤维瘤并肝豆状核变性儿童,丰富了人类基因突变数据库,同时临床医生需提高对基因报告解读的重视和认识。

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism C677T is Associated with Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Objective Chronic cardiovascular diseases induced by long-term poor blood glucose control are the main cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Previous researches report that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene(MTHFR)polymorphisms might influence the occurrence of coronary heart disease(CHD)in T2DM patients.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether MTHFR C677T and A1298C mutations are associated with the risk of CHD inT2DM patients.Methods A total of 197 subjects with T2DM were studied,of which 95 patients with CHD.The genotypes of MTHFR C677T and A1298C were analyzed by using dideoxy chain-termination method,and compared between patients with CHD and those without CHD.Results We found that the frequency of the 677T allele was significantly higher in T2DM patients with CHD than those without CHD(P=0.011).However,there was no significant difference in any of the examined haplotypes between T2DM patients with and without CHD.Furthermore,the 677T allele was associated with a higher risk of CHD development in diabetic patients with lower homocysteine(Hey)levels(≤15μmol/L)(P=0.006),while no effect of MTHFR gene polymorphism on the incidence of CHD was found in patients with higher Hey levels(>15 μmol/L)(P=0.491).Conclusion The MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of CHD of diabetic patients and could be used as an effective marker for CHD in Chinese diabetic populations with normal Hey levels.

基于高通量测序研究清润方改善2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗的作用机制

目的:基于高通量转录组测序(RNA-seq)研究清润方改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗的作用机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养联合链脲佐菌素腹腔注射构建T2DM大鼠模型,将成模大鼠采用随机数字表随机分为模型组,二甲双胍组(150 mg/kg),清润方大(11.2 g/kg)、中(5.6 g/kg)、小(2.8 g/kg)剂量组,另设正常组,灌胃干预8周。观察空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)变化,利用RNA-seq结合生物信息学分析筛选差异表达的长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)、微RNA(miRNA)、信使RNA(mRNA),对差异基因进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析及qPCR验证,构建竞争性内源性RNA(ceRNA)调控网络。结果:与模型组比较,干预第6、8周清润方大剂量组FBG明显降低(P<0.05);第8周清润方各剂量组IRI降低(P<0.01),清润方大、小剂量组ISI升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。通过差异表达筛选得到85个关键mRNA、12个miRNA、37个lncRNA,通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络得到12个核心基因,并构建lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA网络。KEGG富集分析显示,差异基因主要涉及Janus激酶/信号转导及转录活化因子(JAK-STAT)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢等通路。结论:清润方可能通过lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA网络调控CYP2、Acer2等基因,并影响Lpin1、Insig1等基因和PPAR、JAK-STAT、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢等信号通路,改善2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏胰岛素抵抗。