Neuropsychiatric Symptoms,Parenting Stress and Social Support in Chinese Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Although little is known about the current situation regarding autism spectrum disorder(ASD)in main land China,psychiatric disorders are common among Chinese mothers of preschool children with ASD.Previous studies showed ASD child's behavioral symptoms,maternal anxiety,and maternal depressive symptoms were associated with overall parenting stress in northern China.In the present study,we retrospectively analyzed medical records at the hospital related to neuropsychiatric symptoms,parenting stress and social support in mothers of children with ASD from southern China.A total of 80 mothers of children with ASD were screened.Among them,34 mothers were in low-functioning ASD group(L-ASD group)and 46 mothers were in highfunctioning ASD group(H-ASD group).Identification of the ASD cases was confirmed with a Revised Autism Diagnostic Inventory.Neuropsychiatric symptoms,parenting stress and social support were measured by neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI),parenting stress index short form(PSISF),and multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support(MSPSS).Total mean score of the NPI in the L-ASD group was significantly higher than that in the H-ASD group(P<0.01).The subscale scores of NPI,including depression,anxiety,apathy,irritability,agitation,night time behavior disturbances and change in appetite were significantly higher in the L-ASD group than those in the H-ASD group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Meanwhile,the total PSI-SF scores and the scores of parental distress(PD),parental-child dysfunctional interaction(PCDI)and difficult child(DC)in the L-ASD group were significantly higher than those in the H-ASD group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The total score of MSPSS was also higher in the L-ASD group than in the H-ASD group(P<0.01).This study goes further to show the neuropsychiatric symptoms and parenting stress are significantly higher in mothers of children with ASD,and more social supports are needed for mothers of children with ASD from southern China,especially for mothers of children with low-functioning ASD.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Patients with Parkinson's Disease in Han and Hui Ethnicity

Nenropsychiatric symptoms are common in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)and they are likely to outweigh the motor symptoms and become a major factor affecting the quality of life of PD patients.However,the studies focusing on the non-motor symptoms in Chinese PD patients from different ethnicity are scarce.The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment in Chinese PD patients from Han and Hui populations from central China.Seventy-two Han Chinese PD patients(Han PD group)and 71 age-and sex-matched Hui Chinese PD patients(Hui PD group)were enrolled from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between Sept.2011 and Aug.2014 in the study.The neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment were assessed using Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI)and Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).We found that the proportion of depression,anxiety,apathy,irritability,euphoria and night time behavior disturbances were higher in the Han PD group than in the Hui PD group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).But the proportion of delusion,hallucination,agitation,disinhibition,aberrant motor behavior and change in appetite were not significantly different between the Han PD group and the Hui PD group(P>0.05).The total mean scores of the MMSE from patients in the Han PD group were similar to those in the Hui PD group(P>0.05).However,the subscale scores of recall domain and language domain in the Han PD group were significantly different from those in the Hui PD group(P<0.05).No significant difference was noted in the orientation,memory and calculation domains between the two PD groups(P>0.05).This study first showed the recall domain and language domain were different between the Han PD patients and the Hui PD patients.Depression,anxiety,apathy,irritability,euphoria and night time behavior disturbances were less presented in the Hui PD patients.All these differences may be related to the different ethnicity,which would be helpful for clinical physicians to recognize the different non-motor symptoms in Chinese PD patients with different ethnicity.

Evidence for accuracy of pain assessment and painkillers utilization in neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia in Calabria region,Italy

During the clinical course of dementia,beside cognitive impairment and memory loss,a very complex challenge is posed by the neuropsychiatric symptoms（NPSs）.Accurate evaluation and treatment of pain impacts positively the agitation of demented patients aged ≥ 65 years.To gather information on the utilization of pain killers in demented patients a preliminary survey has been conducted in collaboration with the Calabrian Pharmacovigilance Territorial Service of the health district of Catanzaro（Italy）.The study has taken into consideration the prescriptions of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine during the period ranging from July 2015 to June 2016 and the percentage of patients treated against pain with non steroidal antinflammatory drugs,opioids,and anticonvulsants have been monitored.The latter have been evaluated statistically for difference between the treatment before（pre） and after（post） the settlement of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors（ACh EI） or memantine therapy.The results do support accuracy in painkillers utilization in the course of dementia in the regional population of Calabria（Italy）.

Legacy of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with past COVID-19 infection:A cause of concern

Although primarily affecting the respiratory system,growing attention is being paid to the neuropsychiatric consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections.Acute and sub-acute neuropsychiatric manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disease and their mechanisms are better studied and understood currently than they had been when the pandemic began;however,many months or years will be necessary to fully comprehend how significant the consequences of such complications will be.In this editorial,we discuss the possible long-term sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic,deriving our considerations on experiences drawn from past coronaviruses’outbreaks,such as the SARS and the middle east respiratory syndrome,and from the knowledge of the mechanisms of neurotropism and invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2.Acknowledging the global spread of COVID-19 and the vast number of people affected,to date amounting to many millions,the matter of this pandemic’s neuropsychiatric legacy appears concerning.Public health monitoring strategies and early interventions seem to be necessary to manage the possible emergence of a severe wave of neuropsychiatric distress among the survivors.

Spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms in chronic post-stroke aphasia

BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms(NPS)have been insufficiently examined in persons with aphasia(PWA)because most previous studies exclude participants with language and communication disorders.AIM To report a two-part study consisting of a literature review and an observational study on NPS in post-stroke aphasia.METHODS Study 1 reviewed articles obtained from PubMed,PsycINFO,Google Scholar and Cochrane databases after cross-referencing key words of post-stroke aphasia to NPS and disorders.Study 2 examined language deficits and activities of daily living in 20 PWA(median age:58,range:28-65 years;13 men)with the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised and the Barthel Index,respectively.Informants of these 20 PWA were proxy-evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and domain-specific scales,including the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire-10 item version and the Starkstein Apathy Scale.In addition,an adapted version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was directly administered to the PWA themselves.This observational study is based on the baseline assessment of an intervention clinical trial(EudraCT:2017-002858-36;ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT04134416).RESULTS The literature review revealed a broad spectrum of NPS in PWA,including depression,anxiety,apathy,agitation/aggression,eating and sleep disorders,psychosis,and hypomania/mania.These findings alert to the need for improving assessment and treatment approaches of NPS taking into consideration their frequent occurrence in PWA.Study 2 showed that the 20 participants had mild-to-moderate aphasia severity and were functionally independent.A wide range of comorbid NPS was found in the post-stroke aphasic population(median number of NPS:5,range:1-8).The majority of PWA(75%)had depressive symptoms,followed by agitation/aggression(70%),irritability(70%),anxiety(65%)and appetite/eating symptoms(65%).Half of them also presented symptoms of apathy,whereas euphoria and psychotic symptoms were rare(5%).Domain-specific scales revealed that 45%of participants had apathy and 30%were diagnosed with depression and anxiety.CONCLUSION Concurrent NPS are frequent in the chronic period of post-stroke aphasia.Therefore,further research on reliable and valid assessment tools and treatment for this aphasic population is strongly warranted.

Effectiveness of music intervention on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia:a meta-analysis

Dementia is increasing dramatically with an increasing elderly population.Pharmacological interventions are proven to have limited efficacy to treat many of the features of dementia.In such a situation,non-pharmacological means become important to help people with dementia,especially music therapy.The efficacy of music intervention on cognition has been barely explored in the literature,and the few studies that are available present inconsistent results.The aim of this systematic review is to have a meta-analysis on the effect of music therapy for improvements in cognitive functions as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly with dementia.

Relationship between serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a significant global health issue with increasing incidence owing to aging populations and rising cardiovascular risk factors.In addition to physical impairments,AIS frequently leads to neuropsychiatric co-mplications,such as cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms,which adversely affect patients’quality of life and rehabilitation.Neutrophil ge-latinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)has emerged as a potential biomarker for various conditions,including AIS.This study investigated the association bet-ween serum NGAL levels at admission and neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.METHODS Between January 2022 and December 2023,150 patients with AIS were enrolled.Serum NGAL levels were measured at admission using an enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination,while anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at discharge.The relationship between serum NGAL levels and cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression,adjusted for potential con-founders of age,sex,body mass index,smoking status,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,previous stroke,and stroke severity.RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65.4±10.2 years,and 58%were males.Prevalence rates of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge were 34.7%,28.0%,and 32.0%,respectively.Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment(median:5.6 ng/mL vs 3.2 ng/mL,P<0.001),anxiety(median:5.1 ng/mL vs 3.5 ng/mL,P=0.002),and depressive symptoms(median:5.4 ng/mL vs 3.3 ng/mL,P<0.001),compared to those without these conditions.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum NGAL levels at admission were independently associated with cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42,95%confidence interval(CI):1.18-1.71,P<0.001],anxiety(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.09-1.51,P=0.003),and depressive symptoms(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.16-1.67,P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders.CONCLUSION Elevated serum NGAL levels were independently associated with cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms in patients with AIS;and may function as potential biomarkers for patients at risk.

The Efficacy and Safety of Yokukansankachimpihange for Treating Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study

Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, less evidence is available for the treatment of BPSD with yokukansankachimpihange (YKSCH), which consists of yokukansan and two additional herbal ingredients. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of YKSCH for treating BPSD in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We enrolled outpatients with mild-to-moderate AD who exhibited BPSD and obtained a Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score of >3 including subscale scores for “agitation”, “anxiety”, “irritability”, and “sleep and night-time behavior change”. A daily YKSCH dose of 7.5 g was administered for 12 weeks with concomitant administration of anti-dementia medication. BPSD was evaluated using the NPI at baseline and every 4 weeks during the intervention. We also examined apathy using the Japanese translation of the Apathy Scale, the short version of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and the Modified Crichton Rating Scale for Predicting Activities of Daily Living. Cognitive dysfunction was evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination and the AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive (Japanese version). Five participants were enrolled. The NPI total score tended to decrease between the baseline and 8-week evaluations during the YKSCH intervention (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = 0.063). In terms of the NPI subscale scores, “apathy”, “agitation”, “delusions”, and “sleep and night-time behavior change” decreased after the intervention in those who exhibited each symptom at baseline. There were no significant differences in the other scores examined. No serious adverse events were observed. YKSCH could ameliorate BPSD in patients with mild-to-moderate AD with agitation, anxiety, irritability, and sleep and night-time behavior change, and it was well-tolerated.

Multidimensional assessment of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in patients with low-grade hepatic encephalopathy: A clinical rating scale

AIM： To evaluate the feasibility of a new clinical rating scale for a standardized assessment of cirrhosis-associated neuro-psychiatric symptoms. METHODS： Forty patients with liver cirrhosis （LC, with or without low-grade hepatic encephalopathy） were investigated using a clinical neuro-psychiatric rating scale based on a comprehensive list of neurological, psychomotor, cognitive, affective, behavioral symptoms, and symptoms of disturbed bioregulation. RESULTS： The analysis revealed that the majodty of cirrhotic patients showed, besides characteristic neurological symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy, various psychomotor, affective and bioregulatory symptoms （disturbed sleep and sexual dysfunction）. Patients were impaired in the following subscales： sleep and biorhythm disorder （75.0% of patients）, Parkinsonoid symptoms （25.0%）, affective symptoms （17.5%）, and psychomotor retardation （12.5%）. The increase of total neuro-psychiatric clinical score was significantly associated with the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION： This study suggests that a substantial number of patients with LC and low-grade hepatic encephalopathy manifest various clinical neuro-psychiatric symptoms. The use of a rating scale, which explores clinical dimensions of hepatic encephalopathy, would improve the management of patients with LC.

Gabapentin for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

Objective: To examine the efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Design: A retrospective chart review. Settings: Tertiary care geriatric psychiatry inpatient unit. Participants: 230 patients with BPSD. Measurements: The socio-demographic information, type of behaviors, co-morbid psychiatric and medical diagnoses, daily doses of medications and side-effects were recorded. Results: Of the 230 patients, 22 were treated with gabapentin. Twenty of these patients were on a combination of gabapentin and an antipsychotic medication while two patients were treated with gabapentin monotherapy. Eighteen of the 20 patients in the combination group tolerated the treatments with little or no side effects as did the two patients in the monotherapy group. Conclusions: Gabapentin may be a safe option for the treatment of BPSD in combination with antipsychotic medications. Gabapentin may also be effective as monotherapy in certain patients with BPSD.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the neuropsychiatric status of Wilson’s disease

We have read with interest the Letter to the Editor by Drs.Zhuang and Zhong,who presented the clinical data of 68 patients with Wilson’s disease(WD)who were admitted to the hospital before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and appreciated their findings on hepatic and some extrahepatic manifestations.Nevertheless,given the strong impact of the pandemic on patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders,we would have expected a worsening of the psychiatric and/or neurological impairments in these patients.In contrast,according to the authors,these manifestations remained,somewhat unexpectedly,unchanged.This finding is in contrast with most of the current literature that highlights not only an increased incidence of mental health disorders in the general population but also an exacerbation of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic diseases,especially in those with pre-existing neuropsychiatric disorders,such as WD.Although the study was mainly focused on the hepatic features of WD patients taking anti-copper treatment,a generic and cumulative definition of neurological and psychiatric manifestations,as in this study,does not allow for further considerations.Future studies during and after the pandemic are necessary to clarify the real impact,either direct or indirect,of the COVID-19 pandemic on the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of WD patients.

不同首发年龄精神分裂症患者临床特征及影响因素

目的:探讨不同首发年龄精神分裂症患者的临床特征,以及社会人口学影响因素。方法:根据美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版的精神分裂症诊断标准,选取15~70岁患者2016例,由精神科医生采用简明国际神经精神访谈、精神症状维度评定量表(CRDPSS)和阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)进行诊断和评估。以18岁和25岁作为精神分裂症早发、中发及晚发的分组界值。采用方差分析、多重相关分析和多重线性回归的方法进行统计分析。结果:早发型患者的PANSS量表总分(73.8±28.0)和CRDPSS量表总分(11.7±5.4)均为最高。女性、受教育程度高、汉族、首发年龄较早、起病形式较慢等特征与PANSS量表和CRDPSS量表总分及其各维度分数正关联(标化回归系数:0.04~0.47),收入水平和吸烟与PANSS量表和CRDPSS量表总分及其各维度分数负关联(标化回归系数:-0.04~-0.14)。结论:早发型精神分裂症患者的症状严重程度更高,女性、受教育水平高、早发病、慢性起病是精神分裂症患者症状严重的危险因素。

精神分裂症临床特征及影响因素

目的:探讨精神分裂症临床特征及其相关影响因素。方法:采用方便取样的方式招募铜陵市某二级甲等精神专科医院的精神分裂症患者630例,采用简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)、精神症状维度评定量表(CRDPSS)和阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)进行诊断和评估,采用SAS 9.4进行方差分析、Pearson相关分析和多重线性回归等对数据进行统计分析。结果:不同病程特征的精神分裂症患者的CRDPSS(F=22.46,P<0.01)和PANSS(F=7.99,P<0.01)得分差异有统计学意义,其中持续恶化型患者的CRDPSS总分[(11.88±4.16)分]和PANSS总分[(75.63±23.95)分]均为最高。年龄、性别、受教育水平、家庭人口数、腰臀比、婚姻状况、工作状态、吸烟量、首次诊断年龄、首次治疗年龄、总发作次数、总住院次数、停药次数、起病形式和病程特征等因素与CRDPSS量表和PANSS量表总分及各维度得分有不同程度的关联。结论:持续恶化型精神分裂症患者的临床症状严重程度更高,腰臀比、平均每天吸烟量、停药次数、总住院次数、慢性起病是精神分裂症患者症状严重的危险因素。

Impact of apolipoprotein E isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease:beyond the role of amyloid beta

The impact of apolipoprotein E(ApoE)isoforms on sporadic Alzheimer's disease has long been studied;however,the influences of apolipoprotein E gene(APOE)on healthy and pathological human brains are not fully understood.ApoE exists as three common isoforms(ApoE2,ApoE3,and ApoE4),which differ in two amino acid residues.Traditionally,ApoE binds cholesterol and phospholipids and ApoE isoforms display diffe rent affinities for their receptors,lipids transport and distribution in the brain and periphery.The role of ApoE in the human depends on ApoE isoforms,brain regions,aging,and neural injury.APOE E4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease,considering its role in influencing amyloid-beta metabolism.The exact mechanisms by which APOE gene variants may increase or decrease Alzheimer's disease risk are not fully understood,but APOE was also known to affect directly and indirectly tau-mediated neurodegeneration,lipids metabolism,neurovascular unit,and microglial function.Consistent with the biological function of ApoE,ApoE4 isoform significantly alte red signaling pathways associated with cholesterol homeostasis,transport,and myelination.Also,the rare protective APOE variants confirm that ApoE plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.The objectives of the present mini-review were to describe classical and new roles of various ApoE isoforms in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology beyond the deposition of amyloid-beta and to establish a functional link between APOE,brain function,and memory,from a molecular to a clinical level.APOE genotype also exerted a heterogeneous effect on clinical Alzheimer's disease phenotype and its outcomes.Not only in learning and memory but also in neuro psychiatric symptoms that occur in a premorbid condition.Cla rifying the relationships between Alzheimer's disease-related pathology with neuropsychiatric symptoms,particularly suicidal ideation in Alzheimer's disease patients,may be useful for elucidating also the underlying pathophysiological process and its prognosis.Also,the effects of anti-amyloid-beta drugs,recently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease,could be influenced by the APOE genotype.

营养状况和认知功能在APOE ε4与阿尔茨海默病精神行为症状相关性的中介效应

目的探讨营养状况和认知功能在载脂蛋白E等位基因4(APOEε4)与阿尔茨海默病(AD)精神行为症状(NPS)及其亚型相关性的中介效应。方法连续性收集2021年6月至2023年1月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院阿尔茨海默病生物标志物与生活方式研究(CIBL)队列中293例AD疾病谱[包括遗忘型轻度认知障碍(aMCI)和AD痴呆期]患者,根据是否携带APOEε4将患者分为携带组(107例)和非携带组(186例)。对各NPS亚型患者分别进一步分析入组年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和微型营养评估量表(MNA)评分等差异。采用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行数据处理。根据数据类型,分别采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或χ^(2)检验进行组间比较。将假设检验中有统计学意义的因素定为后面中介效应分析的混杂因素,采用简单中介效应模型分析营养状况和认知功能在APOEε4与NPS及其亚型中的潜在中介作用。结果与对照组相比,携带组患者出现幻觉、淡漠和异常运动行为的比例更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对NPS亚型患者分别进行分析,与非幻觉组相比,幻觉组年龄更大,受教育年限更少,携带APOEε4比例更高,MMSE、MoCA和MNA评分均更低;与非淡漠组相比,淡漠组男性比例更高,携带APOEε4比例更高,MMSE、MoCA和MNA评分均更低;与非异常运动行为组相比,异常运动行为组年龄更大,高脂血症比例更低,携带APOEε4比例更低,MMSE、MoCA及MNA评分更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。校正混杂因素后,MNA评分介导了29.80%(95%CI 0.062~0.522)APOEε4与淡漠的相关性,19.95%(95%CI 0.011~0.419)APOEε4与异常运动行为的相关性。MMSE评分介导APOEε4与幻觉、淡漠和异常运动行为的相关性分别是24.21%(95%CI 0.078~0.573),39.01%(95%IC 0.155~0.914)和23.37%(95%CI 0.068~0.576)。结论对于aMCI和AD患者而言,营养状况和认知功能部分介导了APOEε4和淡漠或异常运动行为的相关性,而认知功能还部分介导了APOEε4和幻觉的相关性。

不同类型轻度认知障碍的认知损害及精神行为症状的比较分析研究

目的探讨不同类型的轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者人口统计学、认知损害和精神行为症状特点。方法对86例MCI患者和40例认知正常对照者进行多项神经心理学量表测试,按照诊断标准确定单领域遗忘型轻度认知功能障(amnestic mild cognitive impairment with single domain,a MCI-SD)组(n=24);多领域遗忘型轻度认知功能障(amnestic mild cognitive impairmen with multiple domain,a MCI-MD)组(n=41);单领域非遗忘型轻度认知功能障(non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment with single domain,na MCI-SD)组(n=6);多领域非遗忘型轻度认知功能障(non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment with multiple domain,na MCI-MD)组(n=15).比较5组的人口统计学、认知损坏及精神行为症状特点.结果与对照组比较,各亚型的MCI女性患病率、起病年龄均偏高,教育程度偏低(P<0.05),在a MCI-SD和a MCI-MD表现明显痴呆家族史(P<0.05)。4种亚型MCI的整体认知功能评分无差异但较对照组均有受损,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(Mo CA)总分在na MCI-SD组和a MCI-SD最高,其次为na MCI-MD组;其中a MCI-MD组的最低.Mo CA亚项视空间与执行能力测试中,a MCI-SD与对照组无差异,而a MCI-MD组和na MCI-MD均较na MCI-SD受损严重且和对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05).各型MCI的NPI与HAMD评分均高于对照组(P<0.05).a MCI-SD抑郁发病率高于na MCI-MD(P<0.05);a MCI-MD组分别高于na MCI-MD和na MCI-SD(P<0.05).淡漠发病率在a MCI-MD最高,a MCI-SD次之,而na MCI-SD和na MCIMD较前两者低.结论不同MCI亚型的认知损坏特点及精神行为症状特征存在差异,进一步揭示了MCI的临床异质性特点,为MCI的正确诊断及病因分型提供详尽的临床依据。

甲状腺功能亢进伴精神神经症状患者脑功能区研究

目的研究原发性甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者基础状态下自发脑功能活动特征及其与甲状腺激素、精神神经症状的相关性。方法 51例未治疗的甲亢患者为病例组,51例健康志愿者为对照组,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)评估患者抑郁焦虑程度,运用静息态功能磁共振(resting-state fMRI,rfMRI)和局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)法,分析其脑部局部一致性,并进行两组比较。结果甲亢组额上回、眶额叶和颞极ReHo值减弱;小脑蚓部ReHo值增强。小脑蚓部ReHo值与HAMA焦虑评分显著相关;额上回ReHo值在不同严重程度焦虑中差异显著,与甲状腺激素(FT3、FT4)及HAMD睡眠障碍因子显著相关;颞极ReHo值也与睡眠障碍因子相关。结论甲亢患者在静息状态下存在异常脑功能区,并与甲状腺激素、情绪障碍相关,可能是其发生精神神经症状的病理生理机制之一。

精神科记忆门诊阿尔茨海默病患者的精神行为症状

目的:探讨精神科记忆门诊阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's Disease,AD)患者精神行为症状特征及相关因素。方法:本研究样本来源于北京大学精神卫生研究所记忆中心2006年3月～2010年3月登记的数据库,共选取完成全套神经心理测查与精神行为评估的AD患者129例。采用神经精神科问卷(Neu-ropsychiatric Inventory,NPI)评定所有被试的精神行为症状。采用简易智力状态检查(Mini-Mental StateExamination,MMSE)和阿尔茨海默病评定量表-认知部分(Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-CognitivePortion,ADAS-Cog)评定认知功能,日常生活活动能力量表(Activities of Daily Living,ADL)评定生活功能状况。依据MMSE评分将被试分为轻度(MMSE≥20,46例)、中度(MMSE=11～19,59例)和重度(MMSE≤10,24例)3组。采用因子分析了解AD患者精神行为症状特征,采用方差分析比较3组间差异。结果:①对AD患者精神行为症状因子分析,得到3个症状群,分别为精神病性症状、额叶释放症状和情感症状。重度AD组NPI总分、精神病性症状因子分和额叶释放症状因子分显著高于轻、中度AD组(均P<0.05)。轻、中、重度AD组间情感症状因子分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②AD患者精神行为症状相关因素:NPI精神病性症状因子、额叶释放症状因子评分与ADAS-Cog记忆、语言、操作能力和注意力等因子分及ADL评分与呈正相关(r=0.28～0.47,P<0.05),NPI情感症状因子分与ADAS-Cog语言和操作能力因子分呈正相关(r=0.19,0.24;P<0.05)。结论:阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状以精神病性、额叶损害和情感症状为主要特征,随疾病严重程度加重而加重。认知和日常生活功能差的阿尔茨海默病患者的精神行为症状更严重。

上海老年期痴呆患者行为和精神症状评估分析

目的了解上海老年期痴呆患者行为和精神症状的发生情况及严重程度。方法在前期老年期痴呆现况调查的基础上,采用神经精神量表(NPI)对1271例确诊的老年期痴呆患者的行为和精神症状(BPSD)进行测评。结果 50.95%的患者近1个月内出现过不同程度的行为和精神症状,32.17%为临床显著性症状(CSD)。对照顾者影响最大的症状是妄想(2.32±1.48),其次是异常的运动行为(2.30±1.31)和幻觉(2.16±1.25)。严重程度的分级为Ⅰ级(轻度)620例、Ⅱ级(中度)238例和Ⅲ级(重度)406例。结论上海老年期痴呆患者BPSD发生率较高,老年期痴呆严重程度的分级标准需结合研究目的进行确定。

保定市社区老年人神经精神症状影响因素分析

目的分析河北省保定市老年人神经精神症状及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对保定市城乡社区2 189名60岁以上老年人采用国际通用的神经科问卷(NPI)评定神经精神症状,并进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果社区60岁以上的老年人神经精神症状患病率为17.77%,文化程度低、独居、收入低、不善于向人倾诉、患有重病、不爱好体育锻炼、退休前身居要职是危险因素。结论社区老年人神经精神症状不容忽视,应有针对性地做好健康教育和心理疏导,改善老年人生活环境,提高生活质量,预防心理和精神问题的发生。