A novel SVPWM strategy considering neutral-point potential balancing for three-level NPC inverter

This paper proposes a novel SVPWM （space vector pulse width modulation） strategy for the three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter, based on the particular disposition of all the redundant voltage vectors. The new modulation approach shows superior performance for harmonic voltage and balancing control of neutral-point potential compared to the popular eight-stage centered SVPWM. It realizes suppression of inverter neutral-point potential variation by accurately modifying redundant factor of small vectors pairs, only requiring information of DC-link capacitor voltages and three-phase load currents. This is convenient to apply and is compatible of digital computer realization. Feasibility of the proposed control approach is verified by simulation and experimental results.

A neutral-point potential balance control strategy for three-level inverter based on VSVPWM

The topology of diode neutral-point-clamped(NPC)three-level inverter is prone to neutral-point potential offset.When the sum of three-phase current is zero,the virtual space vector pulse width modulation(VSVPWM)scheme does not cause the neutral-point voltage offset,but it lacks the ability to balance the deviation.For this reason,a neutral-point potential control strategy combining virtual space vector modulation and loop width control is proposed.The neutral-point potential is balanced by introducing the distribution factor for the regions with redundant vectors.For other regions,the potential is controlled by selecting a suitable switching sequence.Meanwhile,the effect on the virtual vector modulation is reduced within the loop width by setting an appropriate loop width,thereby improving the balance effect.The simulation results show that the proposed method has a strong ability to control the offset and has excellent potential balance performance under the conditions of balanced load,unbalanced load and asymmetric capacitance parameters.

A neutral point potential drift control method for NPC three-level inverter

The output current harmonic distortion of a three-level inverter is less than the traditional twolevel inverter.The voltage stress of the semiconductor switch is low.A neutral point potential drift control method is proposed to solve the problem of the neutral point potential drift of the three-level inverter.The interaction mechanism between the neutral point potential and the space voltage vector is presented.The small vector output by the inverter is found to be the root cause of the midpoint potential drift.It is found that the fluctuation of the midpoint potential could be suppressed by increasing the capacitance value of the inverter bus voltage stabilizing capacitor.Furthermore,it inhibits the fluctuation of the midpoint potential.The experimental results verify the efficiency and precision of the proposed method.

A Survey of Unbalanced Flow Diagnostics and Their Application

This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equation, generalized omega-equation, and departure from fields obtained by potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The basic thoery, assumptions as well as implementation and limitations for each of the tools are all discussed. These tools are applied to high—resolution mesoscale model data to assess the role of unbalanced dynamics in the generation of a mesoscale gravity wave event over the East Coast of the United States. Comparison of these tools in this case study shows that these various methods agree to a large extent with each other though they differ in details. Key words Unbalanced flow - Geostrophic adjustment - Gravity waves - Nonlinear balance equation - Potential vorticity inversion - Omega equations - Rossby number This research was conducted under support from NSF grant ATM-9700626 of the United States. The numerical computations described herein were performed on the Cray T90 at the North Carolina Supercomputing Center and the Cray supercomputer at the NCAR Scientific Computing Division, which also provided the initialization fields for the MM5. Thanks are extended to Mark Stoelinga at University of Washington for the RIP post-processing package.

基于新型谐振控制器的辅助逆变器控制策略

随着轨道交通在整个城市交通系统中的作用日益凸显,辅助逆变器的应用也越来越广。本文首先介绍辅助逆变器的几种常见结构,分析其各自优缺点。其次针对分裂电容式逆变器可能出现的中点电位偏移和不平衡负载问题,从本质上对其进行了探讨,提出了一种基于新型谐振控制器的解决方法并对这种控制器的特点和参数设计进行了详细分析。接着本文构建了基于S-Function的仿真模型,通过S-Function最大限度的模拟实际DSP系统的运算时序,验证控制策略的有效性。最后本文进行了中点电位偏移和不平衡负载实验,充分验证了新型谐振控制器在这两方面均具有优越的性能。

三相四线制三电平三桥臂有源滤波器中点平衡控制策略

中点平衡问题是三相四线制三电平三桥臂有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)的一个固有问题,目前在矢量调制中尚无完善的控制理论完全解决此问题。该文通过对各种电流电压状态下每个三维空间矢量对直流中点电位的影响进行分析,提出了"中点控制度"(neutral-point control grades,NPCG)的概念,并给出了NPCG的计算公式;基于NPCG,在α-β-0坐标系下提出一种基于坐标平移原理的新型"三维矢量优化选择调制策略"(optimized3D space vector modulation,O3DSVM),该调制策略能优化选择NPCG值较高的矢量以合成目标矢量,从而达到最大程度控制直流中点电位偏移的目的。仿真分析验证了中点控制度理论及O3DSVM调制策略的正确性和可行性,采用该策略的APF不但中点电位得到了有效控制,且补偿效果良好。

电网不平衡下维也纳整流器控制研究

针对维也纳整流器,设计一种准PIR控制器,实现电网不平衡条件下电流控制。首先在不平衡条件下,提出一种准PIR控制器,通过比例积分跟踪给定电流,通过谐振消除交流分量,实现电流的跟踪控制,该方法能够在电网不平衡条件下实现准确的电流控制。针对维也纳整流器存在的中点振荡和偏移问题,根据中电压矢量和电流方向,提出改变小电压矢量作用时间方法控制中点振荡和偏移。仿真结果表明,电网不平衡下和正常电网情况下能够准确跟踪给定电流。

基于改进Bert模型的建筑事故隐患分类方法研究

在智慧工地项目安全管理过程中,为实现事故隐患排查信息的自动分类识别,提出了建筑事故隐患分类的Bert改进模型。该模型首先将术语多类别加权与单词嵌入方式相结合,其次对focal loss函数采用遗传算法优化类别权重_(αt代替)交叉熵损失函数,再者以Bert模型为基础构建了3种改进型分类算法,实现了隐患语料集的有效分类,最后采用3组算法对语料集进行对比验证。结果表明:ga_Bert+tfidf+focal模型在各隐患类别上的总体F_(1)分别高出其他3类模型5.9%、1.6%和0.66%,达到92.86%,对建筑事故隐患文本分类适用性较好。改进后的Bert模型解决了术语在不同类别标签的文档中具有不同重要性的问题,减缓了在多分类任务中各类别数据分布不均衡对模型分类性能的影响,为建筑企业项目安全管理智能化提供了理论支持。

基于三电平NPC逆变器的并网控制策略

NPC三电平逆变器相对两电平逆变器具有输出电压谐波含量低等优点,在光伏逆变器、储能逆变器等领域具有广泛的应用价值。为了满足NPC三电平逆变器运行工况多样和安全运行的双重要求,提出了三相三线和三相四线NPC三电平逆变器的并网控制策略,包括恒有功/恒直流电压、系统无功闭环、系统负序电流及零序电流闭环控制策略,以及中点电位平衡控制策略,并给出了EMTDC/PSCAD数字仿真和物理样机试验结果,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

基于SVPWM的NPC三电平逆变器简化MPC算法

NPC(二极管中点钳位型)三电平逆变器的传统控制方法由于零矢量参与调制或滚动优化,无法有效降低CMV(共模电压),且计算量大。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于SVPWM(空间矢量脉宽调制)的简化MPC(模型预测控制)算法。首先归一化控制输出电压,通过符号判断和逻辑运算确定所在扇区,将单个周期寻优的27个矢量降阶为10个,解决了计算复杂问题。然后,构建包含中点电位偏差、CMV抑制和开关频率在内的多目标优化函数,滚动寻优最佳矢量作用逆变器,实现CMV的最小化,且开关频率保持恒定。最后,实验验证该方法在相同的硬件条件下能以较少的时间控制多个目标,实现资源的最大化利用。

具有中点电位非对称控制的VSVPWM技术

在降低NPC式三电平逆变器中点电位波动问题时,传统的VSVPWM算法未考虑直流侧电容电压非对称情况。为此,需从理论上探讨对称时的虚拟矢量形式是否适用于非对称状态下的各虚拟矢量。提出了具有中点电位非对称控制的VSVPWM技术,并在引入中点电位不平衡度的基础上通过改进零矢量的持续作用时间实现直流侧电容电压非对称控制。该方法具有较宽的调制比适用范围,并能够精确地控制直流侧电容电压,提高线电压质量,有效降低中点电位波动幅度。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。

Control Method of Three-level Neutral-point-clamped Inverter Based on Voltage Vector Diagram Partition

A new modulation approach was presented for the control of neutral-point （NP） voltage variation in the three-level NP-clamped voltage source inverter, and the average NP current model was established based on vector diagram partition. Thus, theory base was built for balancing control of NP potential. Theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that the proposed method for NP balancing control vector synthe- sizing concept based can make the average NP current zero, and do not influence NP potential within every sample period. The effectiveness of proposed research approach was verified by simulative and experimental results.

Balanced and Unbalanced Components of Moist Atmospheric Flows with Phase Changes

Atmospheric variables(temperature, velocity, etc.) are often decomposed into balanced and unbalanced components that represent low-frequency and high-frequency waves, respectively. Such decompositions can be defined, for instance, in terms of eigenmodes of a linear operator. Traditionally these decompositions ignore phase changes of water since phase changes create a piecewise-linear operator that differs in different phases(cloudy versus non-cloudy). Here we investigate the following question: How can a balanced–unbalanced decomposition be performed in the presence of phase changes? A method is described here motivated by the case of small Froude and Rossby numbers,in which case the asymptotic limit yields precipitating quasi-geostrophic equations with phase changes. Facilitated by its zero-frequency eigenvalue, the balanced component can be found by potential vorticity(PV) inversion, by solving an elliptic partial differential equation(PDE), which includes Heaviside discontinuities due to phase changes. The method is also compared with two simpler methods: one which neglects phase changes, and one which simply treats the raw pressure data as a streamfunction. Tests are shown for both synthetic, idealized data and data from Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model simulations. In comparisons, the phase-change method and no-phase-change method produce substantial differences within cloudy regions, of approximately 5K in potential temperature, due to the presence of clouds and phase changes in the data. A theoretical justification is also derived in the form of a elliptic PDE for the differences in the two streamfunctions.

非平衡磁控溅射系统磁场的半解析法

应用电磁场分析中的一种新方法———半解析法,对一种典型的非平衡磁控溅射系统进行了磁场分析.结果表明,应用半解析法计算,求解变量少、方法简单,而且计算精度高,该方法相对于等效源法有严密的理论依据,标量位函数的表达式为级数解析式,有利于场强的计算,更有利于优化设计.

我国义务教育发展现状与潜力水平评价

缩小义务教育发展差距,是科学发展的内在要求,也是公共财政保障的重点。本文从系统性和适应性出发,对义务教育发展评价指标体系进行优选,并构建能够反映义务教育发展现状和发展潜力的DEA二次相对效益模型。通过对"十二五"期间我国31个省(市、自治区)义务教育发展水平的测度得出,虽然东部义务教育发展现状水平高于中、西部,但义务教育发展潜力水平正好相反。在此基础上,作者针对不同类型的义务教育发展提出相关政策建议。

非线性消去算法在跨音速全速势方程计算中的应用

基于非线性消去技术,构造了跨音速全速势方程的并行非线性求解器.首先详细阐述了跨音速全速势方程及其有限差分格式.其次,借助非线性消去技术,通过隐式消去局部强非线性的方式,改善牛顿迭代法的全局收敛性质,从而在激波存在的情况下达到加速收敛的目的.最后,研究了马赫数、网格大小、处理器个数以及局部子问题求解精度等参数对算法收敛情况和总计算时间的影响.数值结果表明,提出的右侧非线性预条件算法在求解全速势方程时具有很好的鲁棒性和可扩展性.