Research on Magnetically Coupled Resonant Detection Method for Breakpoint of Four Mesh Grounding Grid

Magnetically coupled resonant technology is a novel method for solving the breakpoint locating of power grounding grid.But the method can only detect breakpoints of a single mesh grounding grid at present.In this paper,a magnetically coupled resonant detection method for four-hole grounding grid breakpoint is proposed.Firstly,the equivalent circuit model of the four mesh grounding grid with two types of breakpoints,namely edge branch and intermediate branch,is established.The input impedance and phase angle of the system are obtained by analyzing the equivalent capacitance and equivalent resistance in the model.Secondly,the magnetically coupled resonant physical process of grounding grid faults is solved via HFSS software.The magnetic field intensity and phase frequency characteristic curves of four mesh holes with different branches and positions of breakpoints and different corrosion degrees are studied,and an experimental system is built to verify the feasibility.The results show that under the condition of grounding grid buried depth of 0.5 m and input frequency of 1~15MHz,and there is an inverse relationship between equivalent capacitance and distortion frequency,the phase angle is positively correlated with the degree of corrosion of grounding grid,and the error of signal distortion frequency can be positioned at 5%.This paper provides some ideas for the application of magnetic coupling grounding grid detection technology.

Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.

Small-current grounding fault location method based on transient main resonance frequency analysis

The small-current grounding fault in distribution network is hard to be located because of its weak fault features.To accurately locate the faults,the transient process is analyzed in this paper.Through the study we take that the main resonant frequency and its corresponding component is related to the fault distance.Based on this,a fault location method based on double-end wavelet energy ratio at the scale corresponding to the main resonant frequency is proposed.And back propagation neural network(BPNN)is selected to fit the non-linear relationship between the wavelet energy ratio and fault distance.The performance of this proposed method has been verified in different scenarios of a simulation model in PSCAD/EMTDC.

OPTIMIZATION DESIGN FOR SUPPRESSING "GROUND RESONANCE" OF THE HELICOPTER

The design problem for suppressing 'ground resonance' of the helicopter, with which few researchers have concerned so far, is studied in this paper. Based on the ideas of pole region placement in control theory and of optimization, the method for optimally designing the stiffness and damping parameters of the system with satisfying specified requirements is presented. The effective design criteria and procedures are presented according to the principle of 'ground resonance'.For illustrating the method presented in this paper three typical calculation modes are studied. The results are satisfactory.

A STUDY ON MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE HELICOPTER "GROUND RESONANCE

The key problem to the calculation and optimization design of the helicopter 'Ground Resonance' is to correctly build up a mechanical model. In the past, the literature was only concerned with the lag modes of the rotor blade and the flap modes were neglected. But such approaches should be reconsidered now. In order to study the influences of rotating multiblades rotor on the degrees of freedom and also the flap ''Ground Resonance' of a helicopter, it is necessary to consider not only the lag degrees of freedom but also the flap degrees of freedom. Using Lagrangian equation a dynamical equation of the space model for helicopter 'Ground Resonance'is deduced for the first time. Some computation results show that the mechanical model including both lag DOF and flap DOF is more reasonable.

Comparing High-resistance Grounding Method with Resonance Grounding Method for Large Generators

For large generators, the problem of high-resistance grounding method and the advantages of resonance, grounding method are discussed in detail, and an overall comparison is given in this paper. It is recommended that the latter should be adopted so as to increase the operation reliability of large generators and power systems.

Dynamic shear modulus of undisturbed soil under different consolidation ratios and its effects on surface ground motion

The dynamic shear modulus for three types of undisturbed soil under different consolidation ratios is presented by using the resonant column test method. Its effects on surface ground motion is illustrated by calculation. The test results indicate that the power function is a suitable form for describing the relationship between the ratio of the maximum dynamic shear modulus due to anisotropic and isotropic consolidations and the increment of the consolidation ratio. When compared to sand, the increment of the maximum dynamic shear modulus for undisturbed soil due to anisotropic consolidation is much larger. Using a one-dimensional equivalent linearization method, the earthquake influence factor and the characteristic period of the surface acceleration are calculated for two soil layers subjected to several typical earthquake waves. The calculated results show that the difference in nonlinear properties due to different consolidation ratios is generally not very notable, but the degree of its influence on the surface acceleration spectrum is remarkable for the occurrence of strong earthquakes. When compared to isotropic consolidation, the consideration of actual anisotropic consolidation causes the characteristic period to decrease and the earthquake influence factor to increase.

Metamaterial-Based Compact Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for 5G and Beyond

In this paper,a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure(DGS)is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna.The unit cell antenna causes even or odd mode resonances similar to the unit cell structure depending on the orientation of the microstrip feed used to excite the unit cell.However,the orientation which gives low-frequency resonance is considered here.The unit cell antenna is then loaded with a meander line which is parallel to the split bearing side and connects the other two sides orthogonal to the split bearing side.This modified structure excites another mode of resonance at high frequency when a meander line defect is loaded on the metallic ground plane.Specific parameters of the meander line structure,the DGS shape,and the unit cell are optimized to place these two resonances at different frequencies with proper frequency intervals to enhance the bandwidth.Finally,the feed is placed in an offset position for better impedance matching without affecting the bandwidth The compact dimension of the antenna is 0.25λL×0.23λL×0.02λL,whereλL is the free space wavelength with respect to the center frequency of the impedance bandwidth.The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured.Experimental results reveal that the modified design gives monopole like radiation patterns which achieves a fractional operating bandwidth of 26.6%,from 3.26 to 4.26 GHz for|S11|<−10 dB and a pick gain of 1.26 dBi is realized.In addition,the simulated and measured crosspolarization levels are both less than−15 dB in the horizontal plane.

Effect of Partial Ground Plane Removal on the Radiation Characteristics of a Microstrip Antenna

This study presents a new, simple method for reducing the back-lobe radiation of a microstrip antenna (MSA) by a partially removed ground plane of the antenna. The effect of the partial ground plane removal in different configurations on the radiation characteristics of a MSA are investigated numerically. The partial ground plane removal reduces the backlobe radiation of the MSA by suppressing the surface wave diffraction from the edges of the antenna ground plane. For further improving the front-to-back (F/B) ratio of the MSA, a new soft-surface configuration consisting of an array of stand-up split ring resonators (SRRs) are placed on a bare dielectric substrate near the two ground plane edges. Compared to the F/B ratio of a conventional MSA with a full ground plane of the same size, an improved F/B ratio of 9.7 dB has been achieved experimentally for our proposed MSA.

基于零序特征参量差异的谐振接地系统熄弧时刻判别方法

在谐振接地系统中,熄弧时刻的准确判别对于接地故障的选线、消弧效果评估以及熄弧后暂态信息提取和利用具有指导意义。该文针对谐振接地系统单相接地故障,分析了故障点工频电流熄弧前后的故障电气特征,并利用母线零序电压和消弧线圈电流,通过求取其信号的一阶导数及其平方信号的二阶导数,构造两种特征参量。研究发现该特征参量在熄弧前为常数,熄弧后发生明显变化,据此可形成相应的熄弧时刻判别的基本判据。考虑到系统实际运行中各种因素的影响,在此基础上形成熄弧时刻判别的附加判据,从而最终提出基于零序特征参量差异的谐振接地系统熄弧时刻判别方法。通过Mat Lab/Simulink仿真和现场实测,验证了该熄弧时刻判别方法的有效性和准确性。

并阻尼谐振接地系统对地参数测量与高阻故障选线新方法

针对谐振接地系统对地参数测量不准确以及高阻接地故障选线困难的问题,提出了并阻尼谐振接地系统对地参数测量与高阻故障选线新方法。基于消弧线圈并联阻尼电阻的投切特性,利用投切阻尼电阻前后零序电压幅值与相位的变化关系,测量系统对地电导与电容参数。在系统正常运行时,通过调整并联阻尼电阻值大小,测量各馈线零序导纳值。在发生接地故障后退出阻尼电阻,测量故障后各馈线零序导纳值,可消除系统参数不对称、互感器采样不同步的影响,主动构造故障前后各馈线的零序导纳相角差,实现故障线路的准确判别。在PSCAD仿真环境下对所提方法进行验证,结果表明:所提方法能够精确测量对地电导与电容参数,测量相对误差不高于0.6%;在不同馈线、不同过渡电阻下发生接地故障时,能准确判别故障线路,耐过渡电阻能力达10 kΩ。

基于多维波形差异度聚类分析的配电网故障区段定位方法

谐振接地系统运行环境繁杂,单相接地故障发生状态多变,基于单一特征量的传统配电网故障区段定位方法存在各自的定位判别盲区,方法可靠性和适用性难以保障。针对上述问题提出了一种无需整定的基于多维波形差异度聚类分析的配电网故障区段定位方法。依据故障点上下游各检测点零序电流暂态及稳态分量的波形差异性特征,通过离散Fréchet距离算法量化相邻检测点间的暂态及稳态波形差异度,并采用模糊C均值算法(fuzzyC-means,FCM)综合多特征信息以区分正常区段与故障区段,有效消除了单一特征定位盲区,实现故障区段自适应准确定位。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真结果以及10kV真型实验结果表明所提方法不仅保证了在不同故障工况下的定位可靠性和适用性,还具有耐高阻能力强、抗噪性高等优点。

试验模态分析方法及其在航空飞行器中的应用综述

试验模态分析是通过试验测定结构固有振动特性的方法,其分析结果主要用于结构动力学模型修正,并为结构动力学分析、气动弹性分析和振动控制设计提供数据支撑。本文系统梳理了国内外有关试验模态分析方法的研究进展,从经典试验模态分析方法和现代试验模态分析方法两方面展开,总结了经典的相位共振法和相位分离法两大主流方法的基本原理,对近年来发展的试验模态分析方法进行了简单介绍,归纳了不同模态分析方法的特点。最后指出了试验模态分析方法现今存在的问题与未来可能的发展趋势。

探地雷达介质谐振天线的原理研究

为了增加探地雷达的探测深度,提高探地雷达增益,本文从物理学中周期性力作用下的阻尼振动的角度出发,推导周期信号作用下电磁波在介质谐振天线中的谐振过程,阐述了天线的基本工作原理,并对其谐振放大作用进行了仿真.研究发现,在周期信号作用下,天线谐振腔内的信号通过谐振形成驻波实现能量增强,证明了以时间换取能量是可行的.这种谐振放大作用使天线具有更高的辐射功率,对解决探地雷达的探深问题具有重要意义.

Fault Line Detection Using Waveform Fusion and One-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network in Resonant Grounding Distribution Systems

Effective features are essential for fault diagnosis.Due to the faint characteristics of a single line-to-ground(SLG)fault,fault line detection has become a challenge in resonant grounding distribution systems.This paper proposes a novel fault line detection method using waveform fusion and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks(1-D CNN).After an SLG fault occurs,the first-half waves of zero-sequence currents are collected and superimposed with each other to achieve waveform fusion.The compelling feature of fused waveforms is extracted by 1-D CNN to determine whether the fused waveform source contains the fault line.Then,the 1-D CNN output is used to update the value of the counter in order to identify the fault line.Given the lack of fault data in existing distribution systems,the proposed method only needs a small quantity of data for model training and fault line detection.In addition,the proposed method owns fault-tolerant performance.Even if a few samples are misjudged,the fault line can still be detected correctly based on the full output results of 1-D CNN.Experimental results verified that the proposed method can work effectively under various fault conditions.

Faulty Feeder Identification and Fault Area Localization in Resonant Grounding System Based on Wavelet Packet and Bayesian Classifier

Accurate fault area localization is a challenging problem in resonant grounding systems(RGSs).Accordingly,this paper proposes a novel two-stage localization method for single-phase earth faults in RGSs.Firstly,a faulty feeder identification algorithm based on a Bayesian classifier is proposed.Three characteristic parameters of the RGS(the energy ratio,impedance factor,and energy spectrum entropy)are calculated based on the zero-sequence current(ZSC)of each feeder using wavelet packet transformations.Then,the values of three parameters are sent to a pre-trained Bayesian classifier to recognize the exact fault mode.With this result,the faulty feeder can be finally identified.To find the exact fault area on the faulty feeder,a localization method based on the similarity comparison of dominant frequency-band waveforms is proposed in an RGS equipped with feeder terminal units(FTUs).The FTUs can provide the information on the ZSC at their locations.Through wavelet-packet transformation,ZSC dominant frequency-band waveforms can be obtained at all FTU points.Similarities of the waveforms of characteristics at all FTU points are calculated and compared.The neighboring FTU points with the maximum diversity are the faulty sections finally determined.The proposed method exhibits higher accuracy in both faulty feeder identification and fault area localization compared to the previous methods.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing simulation and experimental results.

基于多频带多特征融合的配电网单相接地故障选段方法

针对现有配电网单相接地故障选段方法存在的通信负担重、阈值设置困难及故障特征量单一等问题,提出一种基于多频带多特征融合的配电网单相接地故障选段方法。首先,利用小波包变换分别对故障后首半个工频周期的零序电压导数和零序电流进行分解和重构,得到原始波形的不同频带分量。其次,根据不同频带分量间的极性关系分别引入伏安特性特征向量与零序功率累加和作为故障特征。最后,筛选特征频带并构造基于特征频带与故障特征融合的选段判据。仿真实验及现场数据验证结果表明,所提方法能够有效实现单相接地故障免阈值就地选段。

Faulty Feeder Identification in Resonant Grounding Distribution Networks Based on Deep Learning and Transfer Learning

Identification of faulty feeders in resonant grounding distribution networks remains a significant challenge dueto the weak fault current and complicated working conditions.In this paper, we present a deep learning-based multi-labelclassification framework to reliably distinguish the faulty feeder.Three different neural networks (NNs) including the multilayerperceptron, one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN), and 2D CNN are built. However, the labeled data maybe difficult to obtain in the actual environment. We use thesimplified simulation model based on a full-scale test field (FSTF)to obtain sufficient labeled source data. Being different frommost learning-based methods, assuming that the distribution ofsource domain and target domain is identical, we propose asamples-based transfer learning method to improve the domainadaptation by using samples in the source domain with properweights. The TrAdaBoost algorithm is adopted to update theweights of each sample. The recorded data obtained in the FSTFare utilized to test the domain adaptability. According to ourvalidation and testing, the validation accuracies are high whenthere is sufficient labeled data for training the proposed NNs.The proposed 2D CNN has the best domain adaptability. TheTrAdaBoost algorithm can help the NNs to train an efficientclassifier that has better domain adaptation. It has been thereforeconcluded that the proposed method, especially the 2D CNN, issuitable for actual distribution networks.

基于同步挤压S变换的谐振接地系统单相接地故障区段定位方法

谐振接地系统单相接地的故障特征微弱,故障区段难以定位。根据健全与故障区段电流低频能量差异大的特点,利用同步挤压S变换挤压、重组低频区段电流,增强故障特征辨识度;计算各区段能量比值,将能量比值最大的判为故障区段,提出基于同步挤压S变换的故障区段定位方法。以全频区段电流重组信号的峭度因子构建保护启动判据。不同故障条件影响下,大量PSCAD仿真测试了所提启动和区段定位方法的性能及可行性,现场数据验证了所提方法的有效性。

铁路地面信号产品振动试验标准分析与应用

本文分析了铁路地面信号产品振动试验标准的关键技术参数,阐述了试验等级和参数选择;在标准应用方面,详细介绍了振动设备选择、振动试验实施流程以及典型试验参数设置等内容。通过本文的研究,有助于快速了解标准的要点、难点,有助于检测人员详细了解试验,从而提高试验过程的一致性、试验结果的准确性和可靠性。