As a unique probe,the precision measurement of pp solar neutrinos is important for studying the sun’s energy mechanism as it enables monitoring the thermodynamic equilibrium and studying neutrino oscillations in the ...As a unique probe,the precision measurement of pp solar neutrinos is important for studying the sun’s energy mechanism as it enables monitoring the thermodynamic equilibrium and studying neutrino oscillations in the vacuum-dominated region.For a large-scale liquid scintillator detector,a bottleneck for pp solar neutrino detection is the pile-up events of intrinsic14C decay.This paper presents a few approaches to discriminating between pp solar neutrinos and ^(14)C pile-up events by considering the differences in their time and spatial distributions.In this study,a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation is conducted.Multivariate analysis and deep learning technology are adopted to investigate the capability of ^(14)C pile-up reduction.The BDTG (boosted decision trees with gradient boosting) model and VGG network demonstrate good performance in discriminating pp solar neutrinos and ^(14)C double pile-up events.Under the ^(14)C concentration assumption of 5×10-18g/g,the signal significance can achieve 10.3 and 15.6 using the statistics of only one day.In this case,the signal efficiency for discrimination using the BDTG model while rejecting 99.18% ^(14)C double pile-up events is 51.1%,and that for the case where the VGG network is used while rejecting 99.81%of the ^(14)C double pile-up events is 42.7%.展开更多
Based on the derived equations of three neutrinos, especially for motion through a physical vacuum and for space with a constant density of matter, the same formula for Dirac’s CP-violating phase was obtained. The ma...Based on the derived equations of three neutrinos, especially for motion through a physical vacuum and for space with a constant density of matter, the same formula for Dirac’s CP-violating phase was obtained. The main property of this formula is that it does not depend on mixing angles θ<sub>12</sub>, θ<sub>13</sub>, θ<sub>23</sub> and remains unchanged for the spaces through which the neutrino beam moves. Using that formula, the final form for the Jarlskog invariant formula was formed. Knowing the Dirac CPV phase would have the following consequences: 1) By obtaining an explicit mathematical formula for the Dirac CPV phase, it would no longer be necessary to perform computer simulations to draw areas where it could be found. 2) At the same time, the Dirac CPV phase does not depend on the mixing angles θ<sub>12</sub>, θ<sub>13</sub>, θ<sub>23</sub> that make up the elements of the PMNS matrix, but depends only on the ratio of the corresponding differences of the squares of the neutrino masses.展开更多
In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological...In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10<sup>-36</sup> kg = 0.68927247 eV/c<sup>2</sup>. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions V<sub>e</sub>⟶V<sub>μ</sub> and V<sub>μ</sub>⟶V<sub>τ</sub> occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.展开更多
By using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation probabilities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac...By using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation probabilities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac CP violating phase appeared as an unknown quantity. The equations of motion were separately derived for each of the three possible transitions for flavor-neutrino oscillations. Two roots of those equations were obtained in the form of two formulas for the Dirac CP violating phase with opposite signs. In the mathematical sense, the connection between those formulas was established in order to maintain the continuous process of oscillation of three neutrinos. This made it possible to calculate the numerical value for the Dirac CP violating phase, the Jarlskog invariant and to write the general form of the PMNS mixing matrix in the final form in which all its elements are defined with explicit numerical values.展开更多
In this work the Generalized Special Relativity (GSR) is utilized to estimate masses of some elementary particles such as, neutrinos. These results are found to be in conformity with experimental and theoretical data....In this work the Generalized Special Relativity (GSR) is utilized to estimate masses of some elementary particles such as, neutrinos. These results are found to be in conformity with experimental and theoretical data. The results obtained may explain some physical phenomena, such as, conversion of neutrinos from type to type when solar neutrino reaches the Earth.展开更多
In this manuscript we discuss mass-varying neutrinos and propose their energy density to exceed that of baryonic and dark matter. We introduce cosmic Large Grains whose mass is about Planck mass, and their temperature...In this manuscript we discuss mass-varying neutrinos and propose their energy density to exceed that of baryonic and dark matter. We introduce cosmic Large Grains whose mass is about Planck mass, and their temperature is around 29 K. Large Grains are in fact Bose-Einstein condensates of proposed dineutrinos, and are responsible for the cosmic Far-Infrared Background (FIRB) radiation. The distribution of the energy density of all components of the World (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles) is considered. We present an overview of the World- Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the self-consistent set of time-varying values of basic parameters of the World: the age and critical energy density;Newtonian parameter of gravitation and Hubble’s parameter;temperatures of the cosmic Microwave Background radiation and the peak of the cosmic FIRB radiation;Fermi coupling parameter and coupling parameters of the proposed Super-Weak and Extremely-Weak interactions. Additionally, WUM forecasts the masses of dark matter particles, axions, and neutrinos;proposes two fundamental parameters of the World: fine-structure constant α and the quantity Q which is the dimensionless value of the fifth coordinate, and three fundamental physical units: basic unit of momentum, energy density, and energy flux density. WUM suggests that all time-dependent parameters of the World are inter- connected and in fact dependent on Q. We recommend adding the quantity Q to the list of the CODATA-recommended values.展开更多
Heavy neutrinos can be discovered at LHC. Many extensions for Standard Model predict the existence of a new neutrino which has a mass at high energies. B-L model is one of them which predict the existence of three hea...Heavy neutrinos can be discovered at LHC. Many extensions for Standard Model predict the existence of a new neutrino which has a mass at high energies. B-L model is one of them which predict the existence of three heavy (right-handed) neutrinos one per generation, new gauge massive boson and a new scalar Higgs boson which is different from the SM Higgs. In the present work we search for heavy neutrino in 4 leptons + missing energy final state events which are produced in proton-proton collisions at LHC using data produced from Monte Carlo simulation using B-L model at different center of mass energies. We predict that the heavy neutrinos pairs can be produced from new gauge neutral massive boson decay and then the heavy neutrino pairs can decay to 4 leptons + missing energy final state which give us an indication for new signature of new physics beyond Standard Model at higher energies at LHC.展开更多
In “<i>A Self-linking Field Formalism</i>” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-...In “<i>A Self-linking Field Formalism</i>” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-linking integrals in R<sup>3</sup> based on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law applied to Heaviside’s equations, derived in strength-independent fashion in “<i>Primordial Principle of Self-Interaction</i>”. The derivation involves Geometric Calculus, topology, and field equations. My goal in this paper is to derive the simplest solution of a self-stabilized solitonic structure and discuss this model of a neutrino.展开更多
The transportation of neutrinos in the dense plasma is examined in terms of effective metric and the wave equation of neutrino in the background of plasma is derived. The solution of the equation is obtained. The los...The transportation of neutrinos in the dense plasma is examined in terms of effective metric and the wave equation of neutrino in the background of plasma is derived. The solution of the equation is obtained. The loss energy of neutrinos, which is absorbed by plasma background, is estimated quantitatively, which cannot explain the neutrino reheating mechanism in the supernova explosion.展开更多
In this paper we investigate the evolution of the cosmology model with dark energy interacting with massive neutrinos and dark matter. Using the numerical method to investigate the dynamical system, we find that the s...In this paper we investigate the evolution of the cosmology model with dark energy interacting with massive neutrinos and dark matter. Using the numerical method to investigate the dynamical system, we find that the stronger the interaction between dark energy and dark matter, the lower the ratio of dark matter in the universe is; also, the stronger the interaction between dark energy and massive neutrinos, the lower the ratio of massive neutrinos in the universe is. On the other hand, the interaction between dark energy and dark matter or massive neutrinos has an effect on disturbing the universe's acceleration; we also find that our universe is still accelerating.展开更多
Several neutrino observatories have searched for coincident neutrino signals associated with gravitational waves induced by the merging of two black holes. No statistically significant neutrino signal in excess of the...Several neutrino observatories have searched for coincident neutrino signals associated with gravitational waves induced by the merging of two black holes. No statistically significant neutrino signal in excess of the background level was observed. These experiments use different neutrino detection technologies and are sensitive to various neutrino types. A combined analysis was performed on the KamLAND, Super-Kamiokande and Borexino experimental data with a frequentist statistical approach to achieve a global picture of the associated neutrino fluence. Both monochromatic and Fermi-Dirac neutrino spectra were assumed in the calculation. The final results are consistent with null neutrino signals associated with the process of a binary black hole merger. The derived 90% confidence level upper limits on the fluence and luminosity of various neutrino types are presented for neutrino energy less than110 MeV.展开更多
The neutrino burst detected during supernova SN 1987A is explained in a strangeon star model, in which it is proposed that a pulsar-like compact object is composed of strangeons (strangeon: an abbreviation for "str...The neutrino burst detected during supernova SN 1987A is explained in a strangeon star model, in which it is proposed that a pulsar-like compact object is composed of strangeons (strangeon: an abbreviation for "strange nucleon"). A nascent strangeon star's initial internal energy is calculated, with the inclusion of pion excitation (energy around 1053 erg, comparable to the gravitational binding energy of a collapsed core). A liquid-solid phase transition at temperature - 1 - 2 MeV may occur only a few tens of seconds after core collapse, and the thermal evolution of a strangeon star is then modeled. It is found that the neutrino burst observed from SN 1987A can be reproduced in such a cooling model.展开更多
违背过程 e 以前是的雷普顿风味在 electroweak 规模的一个模型学习了右手的中微子。在那个工作,腐烂振幅在 unitarity 计量器被计算,由改正因此获得的领先的术语的一些技术考虑扩充了。因为在弱控告的水流出现的混合矩阵不在模型是...违背过程 e 以前是的雷普顿风味在 electroweak 规模的一个模型学习了右手的中微子。在那个工作,腐烂振幅在 unitarity 计量器被计算,由改正因此获得的领先的术语的一些技术考虑扩充了。因为在弱控告的水流出现的混合矩阵不在模型是单一的,这复杂并发症产生。在这篇论文,我们重新计算在 R 的振幅计量器。在最后的结果的依赖的取消用作有用检查到获得的振幅和在以前的工作做的技术的点。展开更多
Solar, atmospheric and reactor neutrino experiments established that neutrinos are massive. It is quite natural then to consider neutrinos as candidate particles for explaining the dark matter in halos around galaxies...Solar, atmospheric and reactor neutrino experiments established that neutrinos are massive. It is quite natural then to consider neutrinos as candidate particles for explaining the dark matter in halos around galaxies. We study the gravitational clustering of these neutrinos within a model of a massive core and a surrounding spherical neutrino halo. The neutrinos form a degenerate Fermi gas and a loaded polytropic equation is established. We solve the equation and we obtain the neutrino density in a galaxy, the size of the galaxy and the galactic rotational curves. The available data favor a neutrino with a mass around 10 eV. The consequent cosmological implications are examined.展开更多
In this article an idea is presented, which allows for the explanation of superluminal muon neutrinos. It is based on the introduction of a new superluminal, massless gauge boson coupling to the neutrino only, but not...In this article an idea is presented, which allows for the explanation of superluminal muon neutrinos. It is based on the introduction of a new superluminal, massless gauge boson coupling to the neutrino only, but not to other standard model particles. The model is discussed with regard to the Supernova 1987 (SN 1987) velocity bound on electron antineutrinos and the Cohen-Glashow constraint on superluminal neutrino propagation. The latter can be circumvented if— within the framework of the model—a sterile neutrino mixing with the active neutrino mass eigenstates is introduced. The suggestion of a sterile neutrino accounting for superluminal neutrinos has already been proposed in several papers. It is possible to choose mixing angles with the sterile neutrino sector such that the model respects both the SN 1987 bound and the muon neutrino travels superluminally.展开更多
The potential cosmological and astrobiological implications of neutrinos are considered. Dark energy drives the current phase of accelerating cosmic expansion. Like inflation, it may decay in time to matter and radiat...The potential cosmological and astrobiological implications of neutrinos are considered. Dark energy drives the current phase of accelerating cosmic expansion. Like inflation, it may decay in time to matter and radiation. However, since its energy density is minuscule in comparison, decay would be unlikely to inject such a rich variety of particles into the universe, and may instead be limited to the lowest energy fermions. Nonrelativistic neutrinos have the capacity to form stable, galaxy-engulfing haloes supported by degeneracy pressure, much like white dwarves and neutron stars. Conversely, bodies of mass can indefinitely rely on Coulomb forces for weight support. Opportunities for the mutual annihilation of electron neutrinos are largely confined to planets containing iron in the hcp phase. If dark energy decays primarily to neutrinos in 40 ~ 100 Gyr, then oceanic planets orbiting within the resulting haloes could provide long-term habitats for aquatic life with only lax constraints on the neutrino mass, . Various considerations now favour the possibility that neutrinos are Majorana particles with an inverted mass hierarchy and an electron neutrino mass in the vicinity of 50 meV. Sterile neutrinos of eV-mass may already be a significant component of dark matter, and could enhance planetary heating when active neutrino haloes become heavily depleted. An intriguing mechanism capable of regulating oceanic heat flux over a wide range of planetary masses is also described.展开更多
It is generally believed that young, rapidly rotating pulsars are important sites of particle acceleration, in which protons can be accelerated to relativistic energy above the polar cap region if the magnetic moment ...It is generally believed that young, rapidly rotating pulsars are important sites of particle acceleration, in which protons can be accelerated to relativistic energy above the polar cap region if the magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin axis (μ·Ω 〈 0). To obtain diffuse neutrinos and gamma-rays at TeV that originate in our Galaxy, we use the Monte Carlo method to generate a sample of young pulsars with ages less than 106 yr in our galaxy; the neutrinos and high-energy gamma-rays can be produced through a photomeson process with the interaction of energetic protons and soft X-ray photons (p +γ→△+→n+π+/p+π0) for a single pulsar, and these X-ray photons come from the surface of the neutron star. The results suggest that the flux of diffuse neutrinos at TeV energies is lower than the background flux, indicating they are difficult to detect using current neutrino telescopes.展开更多
The constraints on the number of neutrinos generations, g'1 coupling and Z?- Z′ mixing angle through the invisible width method, and in the framework of a U(1)B-L model are obtained. Based on the experimental val...The constraints on the number of neutrinos generations, g'1 coupling and Z?- Z′ mixing angle through the invisible width method, and in the framework of a U(1)B-L model are obtained. Based on the experimental value reported by the LEP for the rate , we obtained a bound on the g'1 coupling, . In addition, we derive 90% C.L. bounds on the Z?- Z′ mixing angle , improving the existing bounds by one order of magnitude.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12005044)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA10011200)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(No.GuiKeAD21220037).
文摘As a unique probe,the precision measurement of pp solar neutrinos is important for studying the sun’s energy mechanism as it enables monitoring the thermodynamic equilibrium and studying neutrino oscillations in the vacuum-dominated region.For a large-scale liquid scintillator detector,a bottleneck for pp solar neutrino detection is the pile-up events of intrinsic14C decay.This paper presents a few approaches to discriminating between pp solar neutrinos and ^(14)C pile-up events by considering the differences in their time and spatial distributions.In this study,a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation is conducted.Multivariate analysis and deep learning technology are adopted to investigate the capability of ^(14)C pile-up reduction.The BDTG (boosted decision trees with gradient boosting) model and VGG network demonstrate good performance in discriminating pp solar neutrinos and ^(14)C double pile-up events.Under the ^(14)C concentration assumption of 5×10-18g/g,the signal significance can achieve 10.3 and 15.6 using the statistics of only one day.In this case,the signal efficiency for discrimination using the BDTG model while rejecting 99.18% ^(14)C double pile-up events is 51.1%,and that for the case where the VGG network is used while rejecting 99.81%of the ^(14)C double pile-up events is 42.7%.
文摘Based on the derived equations of three neutrinos, especially for motion through a physical vacuum and for space with a constant density of matter, the same formula for Dirac’s CP-violating phase was obtained. The main property of this formula is that it does not depend on mixing angles θ<sub>12</sub>, θ<sub>13</sub>, θ<sub>23</sub> and remains unchanged for the spaces through which the neutrino beam moves. Using that formula, the final form for the Jarlskog invariant formula was formed. Knowing the Dirac CPV phase would have the following consequences: 1) By obtaining an explicit mathematical formula for the Dirac CPV phase, it would no longer be necessary to perform computer simulations to draw areas where it could be found. 2) At the same time, the Dirac CPV phase does not depend on the mixing angles θ<sub>12</sub>, θ<sub>13</sub>, θ<sub>23</sub> that make up the elements of the PMNS matrix, but depends only on the ratio of the corresponding differences of the squares of the neutrino masses.
文摘In this paper, the submicroscopic deterministic concept developed by the author is applied to the problem of the neutrino mass. A particle appears from space considered as a mathematical lattice of primary topological balls, and induces a deformation coat in its surrounding. The principles of the interaction of particles with space and through space between themselves are considered in detail. The approach states that real quarks possess only an integer charge (±e) and when moving they periodically change to the monopole state (⇄g) and hence, canonical particles are dynamic dyons. A neutrino emerges as a squeezed quark when it is in a monopole state, or in other words, the quark monopole state (a bubble in the tessellattice) is transferred to the appropriate lepton monopole state (a speck in the tessellattice). The self-mass (a “rest” mass) for each neutrino flavour is calculated. The calculated value of the self-mass for the electron anti-neutrino is 1.22873978 × 10<sup>-36</sup> kg = 0.68927247 eV/c<sup>2</sup>. The concept of neutrino oscillations is revised, and another postulation is proposed, namely, that the transition from lighter to heavier flavors is due to the inelastic scattering of neutrinos on oncoming scatterers. As a result, the neutrino captures the mass defect, becomes heavier, and therefore the transitions V<sub>e</sub>⟶V<sub>μ</sub> and V<sub>μ</sub>⟶V<sub>τ</sub> occur;thus, the number of light neutrinos decreases in the neutrino flux studied.
文摘By using the standard PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) mixing matrix and applying the rule for the sum of the oscillation probabilities of three neutrinos, the equations of motion were derived in which the Dirac CP violating phase appeared as an unknown quantity. The equations of motion were separately derived for each of the three possible transitions for flavor-neutrino oscillations. Two roots of those equations were obtained in the form of two formulas for the Dirac CP violating phase with opposite signs. In the mathematical sense, the connection between those formulas was established in order to maintain the continuous process of oscillation of three neutrinos. This made it possible to calculate the numerical value for the Dirac CP violating phase, the Jarlskog invariant and to write the general form of the PMNS mixing matrix in the final form in which all its elements are defined with explicit numerical values.
文摘In this work the Generalized Special Relativity (GSR) is utilized to estimate masses of some elementary particles such as, neutrinos. These results are found to be in conformity with experimental and theoretical data. The results obtained may explain some physical phenomena, such as, conversion of neutrinos from type to type when solar neutrino reaches the Earth.
文摘In this manuscript we discuss mass-varying neutrinos and propose their energy density to exceed that of baryonic and dark matter. We introduce cosmic Large Grains whose mass is about Planck mass, and their temperature is around 29 K. Large Grains are in fact Bose-Einstein condensates of proposed dineutrinos, and are responsible for the cosmic Far-Infrared Background (FIRB) radiation. The distribution of the energy density of all components of the World (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles) is considered. We present an overview of the World- Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the self-consistent set of time-varying values of basic parameters of the World: the age and critical energy density;Newtonian parameter of gravitation and Hubble’s parameter;temperatures of the cosmic Microwave Background radiation and the peak of the cosmic FIRB radiation;Fermi coupling parameter and coupling parameters of the proposed Super-Weak and Extremely-Weak interactions. Additionally, WUM forecasts the masses of dark matter particles, axions, and neutrinos;proposes two fundamental parameters of the World: fine-structure constant α and the quantity Q which is the dimensionless value of the fifth coordinate, and three fundamental physical units: basic unit of momentum, energy density, and energy flux density. WUM suggests that all time-dependent parameters of the World are inter- connected and in fact dependent on Q. We recommend adding the quantity Q to the list of the CODATA-recommended values.
文摘Heavy neutrinos can be discovered at LHC. Many extensions for Standard Model predict the existence of a new neutrino which has a mass at high energies. B-L model is one of them which predict the existence of three heavy (right-handed) neutrinos one per generation, new gauge massive boson and a new scalar Higgs boson which is different from the SM Higgs. In the present work we search for heavy neutrino in 4 leptons + missing energy final state events which are produced in proton-proton collisions at LHC using data produced from Monte Carlo simulation using B-L model at different center of mass energies. We predict that the heavy neutrinos pairs can be produced from new gauge neutral massive boson decay and then the heavy neutrino pairs can decay to 4 leptons + missing energy final state which give us an indication for new signature of new physics beyond Standard Model at higher energies at LHC.
文摘In “<i>A Self-linking Field Formalism</i>” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-linking integrals in R<sup>3</sup> based on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law applied to Heaviside’s equations, derived in strength-independent fashion in “<i>Primordial Principle of Self-Interaction</i>”. The derivation involves Geometric Calculus, topology, and field equations. My goal in this paper is to derive the simplest solution of a self-stabilized solitonic structure and discuss this model of a neutrino.
文摘The transportation of neutrinos in the dense plasma is examined in terms of effective metric and the wave equation of neutrino in the background of plasma is derived. The solution of the equation is obtained. The loss energy of neutrinos, which is absorbed by plasma background, is estimated quantitatively, which cannot explain the neutrino reheating mechanism in the supernova explosion.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10873004)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 08B051)+1 种基金the Program for Excellent Talents in Hunan Normal Universitythe State Key Development Program for Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB832800)
文摘In this paper we investigate the evolution of the cosmology model with dark energy interacting with massive neutrinos and dark matter. Using the numerical method to investigate the dynamical system, we find that the stronger the interaction between dark energy and dark matter, the lower the ratio of dark matter in the universe is; also, the stronger the interaction between dark energy and massive neutrinos, the lower the ratio of massive neutrinos in the universe is. On the other hand, the interaction between dark energy and dark matter or massive neutrinos has an effect on disturbing the universe's acceleration; we also find that our universe is still accelerating.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11080922)
文摘Several neutrino observatories have searched for coincident neutrino signals associated with gravitational waves induced by the merging of two black holes. No statistically significant neutrino signal in excess of the background level was observed. These experiments use different neutrino detection technologies and are sensitive to various neutrino types. A combined analysis was performed on the KamLAND, Super-Kamiokande and Borexino experimental data with a frequentist statistical approach to achieve a global picture of the associated neutrino fluence. Both monochromatic and Fermi-Dirac neutrino spectra were assumed in the calculation. The final results are consistent with null neutrino signals associated with the process of a binary black hole merger. The derived 90% confidence level upper limits on the fluence and luminosity of various neutrino types are presented for neutrino energy less than110 MeV.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11673002,U1531243 and 11373011)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(No.XDB23010200)
文摘The neutrino burst detected during supernova SN 1987A is explained in a strangeon star model, in which it is proposed that a pulsar-like compact object is composed of strangeons (strangeon: an abbreviation for "strange nucleon"). A nascent strangeon star's initial internal energy is calculated, with the inclusion of pion excitation (energy around 1053 erg, comparable to the gravitational binding energy of a collapsed core). A liquid-solid phase transition at temperature - 1 - 2 MeV may occur only a few tens of seconds after core collapse, and the thermal evolution of a strangeon star is then modeled. It is found that the neutrino burst observed from SN 1987A can be reproduced in such a cooling model.
文摘违背过程 e 以前是的雷普顿风味在 electroweak 规模的一个模型学习了右手的中微子。在那个工作,腐烂振幅在 unitarity 计量器被计算,由改正因此获得的领先的术语的一些技术考虑扩充了。因为在弱控告的水流出现的混合矩阵不在模型是单一的,这复杂并发症产生。在这篇论文,我们重新计算在 R 的振幅计量器。在最后的结果的依赖的取消用作有用检查到获得的振幅和在以前的工作做的技术的点。
文摘Solar, atmospheric and reactor neutrino experiments established that neutrinos are massive. It is quite natural then to consider neutrinos as candidate particles for explaining the dark matter in halos around galaxies. We study the gravitational clustering of these neutrinos within a model of a massive core and a surrounding spherical neutrino halo. The neutrinos form a degenerate Fermi gas and a loaded polytropic equation is established. We solve the equation and we obtain the neutrino density in a galaxy, the size of the galaxy and the galactic rotational curves. The available data favor a neutrino with a mass around 10 eV. The consequent cosmological implications are examined.
文摘In this article an idea is presented, which allows for the explanation of superluminal muon neutrinos. It is based on the introduction of a new superluminal, massless gauge boson coupling to the neutrino only, but not to other standard model particles. The model is discussed with regard to the Supernova 1987 (SN 1987) velocity bound on electron antineutrinos and the Cohen-Glashow constraint on superluminal neutrino propagation. The latter can be circumvented if— within the framework of the model—a sterile neutrino mixing with the active neutrino mass eigenstates is introduced. The suggestion of a sterile neutrino accounting for superluminal neutrinos has already been proposed in several papers. It is possible to choose mixing angles with the sterile neutrino sector such that the model respects both the SN 1987 bound and the muon neutrino travels superluminally.
文摘The potential cosmological and astrobiological implications of neutrinos are considered. Dark energy drives the current phase of accelerating cosmic expansion. Like inflation, it may decay in time to matter and radiation. However, since its energy density is minuscule in comparison, decay would be unlikely to inject such a rich variety of particles into the universe, and may instead be limited to the lowest energy fermions. Nonrelativistic neutrinos have the capacity to form stable, galaxy-engulfing haloes supported by degeneracy pressure, much like white dwarves and neutron stars. Conversely, bodies of mass can indefinitely rely on Coulomb forces for weight support. Opportunities for the mutual annihilation of electron neutrinos are largely confined to planets containing iron in the hcp phase. If dark energy decays primarily to neutrinos in 40 ~ 100 Gyr, then oceanic planets orbiting within the resulting haloes could provide long-term habitats for aquatic life with only lax constraints on the neutrino mass, . Various considerations now favour the possibility that neutrinos are Majorana particles with an inverted mass hierarchy and an electron neutrino mass in the vicinity of 50 meV. Sterile neutrinos of eV-mass may already be a significant component of dark matter, and could enhance planetary heating when active neutrino haloes become heavily depleted. An intriguing mechanism capable of regulating oceanic heat flux over a wide range of planetary masses is also described.
基金partially supported by the Science Research Foundation Department of Education+1 种基金 Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2012Y316)Yunnan Province under Grant No. 2010CD112
文摘It is generally believed that young, rapidly rotating pulsars are important sites of particle acceleration, in which protons can be accelerated to relativistic energy above the polar cap region if the magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin axis (μ·Ω 〈 0). To obtain diffuse neutrinos and gamma-rays at TeV that originate in our Galaxy, we use the Monte Carlo method to generate a sample of young pulsars with ages less than 106 yr in our galaxy; the neutrinos and high-energy gamma-rays can be produced through a photomeson process with the interaction of energetic protons and soft X-ray photons (p +γ→△+→n+π+/p+π0) for a single pulsar, and these X-ray photons come from the surface of the neutron star. The results suggest that the flux of diffuse neutrinos at TeV energies is lower than the background flux, indicating they are difficult to detect using current neutrino telescopes.
文摘The constraints on the number of neutrinos generations, g'1 coupling and Z?- Z′ mixing angle through the invisible width method, and in the framework of a U(1)B-L model are obtained. Based on the experimental value reported by the LEP for the rate , we obtained a bound on the g'1 coupling, . In addition, we derive 90% C.L. bounds on the Z?- Z′ mixing angle , improving the existing bounds by one order of magnitude.