THE INTRINSIC ACIDITY CONSTANTS AND SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF MARINE SOLID PARTICLES I. A NEW METHOD

This paper proposes a new method for determining the intrinsic acidity constants K and K The new method is a great improvement over the modified Langmuir plot method generally adopted in that determination of these constants is not dependent on the specific surface area S of the marine solid particles. The new method was used to determine K, K and S for the main inorganic components of marine solid particles, including illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, goethite, y-AlOOH. amorphous ferric oxide, MnO2, manganite, SiO 2 and calcium carbonate, and can facilitate the study on the effect of solution constituents, solution temperature, ionic strength, etc. on the value

A new analytical-numerical method for calculating interacting stresses of a multi-hole problem under both remote and arbitrary surface stresses

Based on the elementary solutions and new integral equations,a new analytical-numerical method is proposed to calculate the interacting stresses of multiple circular holes in an infinite elastic plate under both remote stresses and arbitrarily distributed stresses applied to the circular boundaries.The validity of this new analytical-numerical method is verified by the analytical solution of the bi-harmonic stress function method,the numerical solution of the finite element method,and the analytical-numerical solutions of the series expansion and Laurent series methods.Some numerical examples are presented to investigate the effects of the hole geometry parameters(radii and relative positions)and loading conditions(remote stresses and surface stresses)on the interacting tangential stresses and interacting stress concentration factors(SCFs).The results show that whether the interference effect is shielding(k<1)or amplifying(k>1)depends on the relative orientation of holes(α)and remote stresses(σ^∞x,σ^∞y).When the maximum principal stress is aligned with the connecting line of two-hole centers andσ^∞y<0.5σ^∞x,the plate containing two circular holes has greater stability than that containing one circular hole,and the smaller circular hole has greater stability than the bigger one.This new method not only has a simple formulation and high accuracy,but also has an advantage of wide applications over common analytical methods and analytical-numerical methods in calculating the interacting stresses of a multi-hole problem under both remote and arbitrary surface stresses.

Study on a New Ultraviolet Sterilizer to the Surface Disinfection of the Ultrasound Probe

We studied the disinfection effect of a new ultraviolet （UV） sterilizer and its utilization on ultrasound probe surfaces. Carrier quantitative germicidal tests, simulated on-the-spot trials, and organic substance influence tests were used to carry out experimental observation. Artificially infected probes were disinfected using the sterilizer or a germicidal lamp for comparison. The total number and types of bacteria were determined and identified. Our results demonstrated the sterilizer had the best disinfection effect among three different disinfection methods in hospital. The sterilizer has been used in a hospital setting for 2 years with no notable damage to the ultrasound probe instrument. It has the advantages of fast disinfection, high disinfection effect, and good compatibility with the ultrasound instrument, worthy of being a promoted application in medical institutions.

A new method of fast measuring surface tension of melt cast iron and its application in graphite shape identification

Surface tension is one of important physical features of melt alloy. Many properties of melt alloy, such as graphite shape of cast iron and modified microstructure of aluminum alloy, can be evaluated by means of surface tension. In order to evaluate and control the melt quality in-situ melting operation, the authors advanced a new method and developed an automatic device for fast measuring surface tension of melt alloy and applied it to the practice of rapid identifying graphite shape of cast iron. In this paper, the principle of fast measuring surface tension, the construction of the automatic measurement device and the examples of evaluating graphite shape of cast iron based on the new method and device are discussed.

SYNTHESIS， SURFACE POTENTIAL AND NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW AMPHIPHILIC PORPHYRINS

A new kind of amphiphilic porphyrin containing only one carboxyl on the β point of porphyrin ring was synthesized. The surface potential and SHG (Second Harmonic Generation) efficiency of monolayer were measured and the relationship between the surface potential,SHG and the structure of molecule was discussed.

A NEW MODEL FOR PHYSICAL ADSORPTION ON SOLID SURFACES

The principal assumptions about equivalence and energy distribution of the asdorption sites on solidsurfaces used by Langmuir for deriving the equation of monomolecular adsorption are generalized and anew physical adsorption model is proposed and tested with experimental data published in literature.Themodels of Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin etc.are only the special cases.Assuming uniform density distributionof adsorption energy,the isotherm equation is given asn=K.1n[1+（bop）1/Mor n=K.1n[1+（boC）1/M]where n is the amount of adsorption per unit weight or area of solid p or C is tbe pressure of gas or the concen-tration of solution respectively.K,bo,M are constants with physical meanings as described in this paper.This equation can be used over wide range to quantitatively represent the five types of physical adsorptionclassified by Brunauer.

Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in New Superstructures on 2H-NbSe2 Surface

Using scanning tunneling microscopy we observe a stripe phase smoothly interfacing with a triangular 2 ×2 super- structure on the surface of 2H-NbSe2 single crystM. Proximity-induced superconductivity is demonstrated in these new ordered structures by measurements of low-temperature tunneling spectra. The modulation of superconduc- tivity by the reconstruction provides an opportunity to understand the interplay between superconductivity and charge orders.

New Evidences for the Adsorption of Methane over Oxide Surfaces

It is indicative of the TSR result that CH4 was strongly adsorbed on well degassed SrCO3 surface at high temperatUre.A desorption peak of CH4 was found in CH4TPD profile which appeared at ca. 310℃.The strong adsorption of CH4 over the surface of SrCO3 was attributed to the strong basicity of SrO sites resulted from decomposition of SrCO_3

A New Reaction Path for the C+NO→CN+O Reaction:Effect of Reagent Rotation on the Stereodynamics on the ~4A″ Potential-Energy Surface

The stereodynamics of the C^NO reaction is investigated at O.06eV by means of the quasi-classical trajectory method on a recent ab initio 4^A＂ potential energy surface （PES）. The influences of rotation excitation （j = 0 -3） on stereodynamics are discussed. The obtained stereodynamical information is compared with the previously reported results on the 2A′ and 2^A＂ PESs to give a full insight into the chemical stereodynamics of the title reaction.

Six Thallus Surface Types of Coralline Algae with Descriptions of Two New Records of Amphiroa beauvoisii and Neogoniolithon setchellii in Sanya reef,China

Coralline algae are globally distributed calcifying species and play critical ecological roles to marine ecosystems by contributing significantly to their structural complexity and diversity.Thallus surface types of historical samples in Sanya coral reef reserve were studied based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)method.Our results show six thallus surface types within the study area:Corallina-type,Jania-type,Leptophytum-type,Phymatolithon-type,Pneophyllum-type,and Spongites-type.The Phymatolithon-type is the dominant surface type in Sanya reefs.Two new record species in the region are described:Amphiroa beauvoisii and Neogoniolithon setchellii.Although thallus surface types provide useful diagnostics characters for distinguishing coralline algae at tribe or subfamily level,species identification needs to refer to the reproductive features.This is the first surface study of coralline algae in the South China Sea.This result provides the baseline data needed for the monitoring and management of reef-building organisms of coral reef in China.

Fouling Induction Period of CaCO_3 on Heated Surface

Fouling induction period of CaCO3 on heated surface was studied with the micro video technology. The rates of nucleating and nuclei growing were measured under various experimental conditions. The experimental results showed that both nucleating and nuclei growing rates of CaCO3 increased obviously with surface temperature and concentration of reagents. In addition, the experiment of fouling induction period on the surface material of chemical plated nickel-phosphorus-polytetrafluoroethylene indicated that not only the nucleate rate of CaCO3 decreased but also some fouling particles with certain size were easy to peel off from the heated surface under shearing stress, which means that the property of surface material is one of the most important factors influencing fouling induction periods.

Comparison of TRMM and Water District Rain Rates over New Mexico

This paper compares monthly and seasonal rain rates derived from the Version 5 （V5） and Version 6 （V6） TRMM Precipitation Radar （TPR, TSDIS reference 2A25）, TRMM Microwave Imager （TMI, 2A12）, TRMM Combined Instrument （TCI, 2B31）, TRMM calibrated IR rain estimates （3B42） and TRMM merged gauge and satellite analysis （3B43） algorithms over New Mexico （NM） with rain gauge analyses provided by the New Mexico water districts （WD）. The average rain rates over the NM region for 1998- 2002 are 0.91 mm d^-1 for WD and 0.75, 1.38, 1.49, 1.27, and 1.07 mm d^-1 for V5 3B43, 3B42, TMI, PR and TCA; and 0.74, 1.38, 0.87 and 0.97 mm d^-1 for V6 3B43, TMI, TPR and TCA, respectively. Comparison of V5 3B43 with WD rain rates and the daily TRMM mission index （TPR and TMI） suggests that the low bias of V5 3B43 for the wet months （summer to early fall） may be due to the non-inclusion of some rain events in the operational gauge analyses that. are used in the production of V5 3B43. Correlation analyses show that the WD rain rates vary in phase, with higher correlation between neighboring WDs. High temporal correlations （〉0.8） exist between WD and the combined algorithms （3B42, 3B43 and TCA for both V5 and V6） while satellite instrument algorithms （PR, TMI and TCI） are correlated best among themselves at the monthly scale. Paired t-tests of the monthly time series show that V5 3B42 and TMI are statistically different from the WD rain rates while no significant difference exists between WD and the other products. The agreements between the TRMM satellite and WD gauge estimates are best for the spring and fall and worst for winter and summer. The reduction in V6 TMI （-7.4%） and TPR （-31%） rain rates （compared to V5） results in better agreement between WD estimates and TMI in winter and TPR during summer.

Mass Human Migration and the Urban Heat Island during the Chinese New Year Holiday: A Case Study in Harbin City, Northeast China

Many Chinese people leave big cities for family reunions during the Chinese New Year （CNY）, which is the most important public holiday in China. However, how modem mass human migration during the CNY holiday affects the urban heat island （UHI） is still un- known. Here, the authors investigate the role of modem human migration for the UHI effects during the CNY holiday for the period of 1992-2006 in Harbin City, Northeast China. The results show that during the CNY week, the UHI effects expressed as daily mean, maxi- mum, and minimum temperature differences between urban and rural stations averaged over the period of 1992-2006 are 0.65℃ （43%）, 0.31℃ （48%）, and 1.14℃ （71%） lower than during the background period （four weeks before and four weeks after the CNY week）, re- spectively. Our findings identify previously unknown impacts of modem mass human migration on the UHI effects based on a case study in Harbin City.

Science Letters:New solutions of shear waves in piezoelectric cubic crystals

Acoustic wave propagation in piezoelectric crystals of classes 43m and 23 is studied. The crystals Tl3VS4 and Tl3TaSe4 （43m） of the Chalcogenide family and the crystal Bi12TiO20 （23） possess strong piezoelectric effect. Because the surface Bleustein-Gulyaev waves cannot exist in piezoelectric cubic crystals, it was concluded that new solutions for shear-horizontal surface acoustic waves （SH-SAWs） are found in the monocrystals using different electrical boundary conditions such as electrically ＂short＂ and ＂open＂ free-surfaces for the unique [ 101 ] direction of wave propagation. For the crystal Tl3TaSe4 with coefficient of electromechanical coupling （CEMC） Ke^2=e^2/（C×g）-1/3, the phase velocity Vph for the new SH-SAWs can be calculated with the following formula： Vph=（Vα＋Vt）/2, where Vt is the speed of bulk SH-wave, Vt=Vt4（1＋Ke^2）^1/2, Vα=αKVt4, αK=2[Ke（1＋Ke^2）^1/2-Ke^2]^1/2, and Vt4=（C44/p）^1/2. It was found that the CEMC K2 evaluation for Tl3TaSe4 gave the value of K^2=2（Vf-Vm）/Vf-0.047 （-4.7%）, where Vf-848 m/s and Vm-828 m/s are the new-SAW velocities for the free and metallized surfaces, respectively. This high value of KZ（Tl3TaSe4） is significantly greater than K2（Tl3VS4）-3% and about five times that of K2（Bi12YiO20）.

Practical Applications of the Large-Eddy Simulation Technique for Wind Environment Assessment around New National Stadium, Japan (Tokyo Olympic Stadium)

In this study, we developed a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model called Airflow Analyst that deepens the affinity between CFD and geographic information system (GIS). First, a precise simulation of the surface-mounted cube was conducted. Validation testing based on the obtained data confirmed the predictive accuracy of Airflow Analyst. Second, New National Stadium Japan (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was accurately reproduced in a computer, capturing the latest detailed urban area data for the base. For the target of the constructed 3D models, simulations with a large number of grid points/cells (CFD) were conducted. These simulations reproduced the complex turbulent flow fields both inside and outside the stadium. The experiment successfully reproduced the CFD simulation using a large number of grid points/cells, where the conditions of the wind flow ventilation from the sky were similar to those of the intended stadium design.

基于明胶-卡拉胶复合基材的新型凝胶糖果制备及性能研究

新型凝胶糖果壁材起骨架支撑和密封芯材的作用,其性能直接决定凝胶糖果的质量。以明胶为壁材的凝胶糖果,具有力学性能好的优点,但热稳定性差。而卡拉胶为壁材时则表现出热稳定性强的特点,但力学性能差,不可在凝胶糖果壁材中单独使用。该文通过明胶、卡拉胶进行复合制备壁材,以提升新型凝胶糖果的力学性能和稳定性,制备出抗性评价(由耐温耐湿性和破裂压力两部分组成)较高的新型凝胶糖果,同时提升凝胶糖果贮藏期内感官评价的稳定性。综合稳定性指标将新型凝胶糖果贮藏期内品质指标综合为一个指标并进行了量化,从而判断新型凝胶糖果在贮藏期内稳定性的变化,进而比较不同贮藏温度下食品的稳定性。该文通过设计优化明胶、卡拉胶复合壁材配方,以明胶、卡拉胶和甘油为自变量,以感官评价和抗性评价为因变量,采用响应面试验确定明胶-卡拉胶壁材的最佳组成为明胶100份、卡拉胶3.4份和甘油30份。在壁材配方组成优化的基础上,分别采用明胶、明胶-卡拉胶复合制备凝胶糖果,并测定其在温度25、35、45℃下,贮藏90 d期间干燥失重和感官评价等品质指标的变化,根据品质指标变化得出其综合稳定性指标。

表面增强拉曼光谱技术在新精神活性物质检测中的应用

表面增强拉曼光谱技术具有高灵敏的吸附增强效应,提供更强的拉曼信号,通过观察到的特有分子指纹信息可以对分析物做出鉴别.各类新精神活性物质均有相应的特征拉曼信号,因此将表面增强拉曼光谱技术应用于合成大麻素类、合成卡西酮类、哌嗪类、色胺类、氯胺酮及苯环利定类和芬太尼类等新精神活性物质检测中.方法具有灵敏度高、样品处理简单和检测快速的优点,可为鉴定新精神活性物质的结构类别提供科学依据.本文介绍近年来表面增强拉曼光谱技术在各类新精神活性物质检测中的应用进展,旨在为新精神活性物质的筛查提供参考.

基于新型滑模观测器的PMSM无传感器控制

针对永磁同步电机无传感器控制中传统滑模观测器产生的抖振现象,提出新型滑模观测器。通过引入新型饱和函数代替符号函数,采用积分滑模面和可变增益,以抑制抖振,通过Lyapunov定理对其进行稳定性分析,并结合锁相环技术提取转速和转子位置信息。仿真结果表明:新型滑模观测器能够减小抖振,提升系统对转速和转子位置的估计精度。

提高钢板表面缺陷检出率的分割新方法

文中针对传统图像分割方法难以准确分割钢板表面小目标缺陷的问题,提出了一种基于二维灰度直方图反向投影的缺陷分割新方法。该方法无需手工标注大量缺陷样本,利用图像的二维灰度直方图反向投影,提取小目标缺陷轮廓。当图像不具备明显双峰效应时,排除背景像素的干扰,将缺陷轮廓图像进行形态学处理和二值化,实现目标缺陷与背景像素的准确分割。实验结果表明,所提方法在钢板表面缺陷数据集上分割精确度综合评价指标达到92.45%,优于其他先进检测方法。同时搭建实验平台,结果显示在模拟工程实验中所提方法能够准确分割多种缺陷。

凿毛植筋新老混凝土结合面抗剪性能试验研究

新老混凝土结合面是结构整体受力,尤其是剪切受力的关键。以植筋率(0.17%、0.34%、0.51%)和植入钢筋深度(10、15 cm)为变量,制作5组10个Z形试件进行剪切试验,分析植筋率和植入钢筋深度对新老混凝土试件剪切性能的影响规律。结果表明:植筋及整体浇筑试件的破坏面上均伴有骨料剪断和砂浆-骨料脱黏现象,呈典型的脆性破坏特征;植筋试件开裂后,抗剪承载力主要由结合面植入钢筋承担;增加植筋率及植筋深度,试件抗裂性能及抗剪强度均有所提高;整体浇筑试件的开裂、极限剪应力分别为2.98、7.22 MPa,是所有试件的最大值,表明整体浇筑试件的抗裂性能最优,抗剪强度最高。