The local scour around a new pile-group foundation of offshore wind turbine subjected to a bi-directional current was physically modeled with a bi-directional flow flume. In a series of experiments, the flow velocity ...The local scour around a new pile-group foundation of offshore wind turbine subjected to a bi-directional current was physically modeled with a bi-directional flow flume. In a series of experiments, the flow velocity and topography of the seabed were measured based on a system composed of plane positioning equipment and an ADV.Experimental results indicate that the development of the scour hole was fast at the beginning, but then the scour rate decreased until reaching equilibrium. Erosion would occur around each pile of the foundation. In most cases, the scour pits were connected in pairs and the outside widths of the scour holes were larger than the inner widths. The maximum scour depth occurred at the side pile of the foundation for each test. In addition, a preliminary investigation shows that the larger the flow velocity, the larger the scour hole dimensions but the shorter equilibrium time. The field maximum scour depth around the foundation was obtained based on the physical experiments with the geometric length scales of 1:27.0, 1:42.5 and 1:68.0, and it agrees with the scour depth estimated by the HEC-18 equation.展开更多
Purpose:New philanthropy develops new forms of policy“problem-solving”through the influx of private actors’money and ideas.It adopts singular configurations across different policy spaces,with implications for educ...Purpose:New philanthropy develops new forms of policy“problem-solving”through the influx of private actors’money and ideas.It adopts singular configurations across different policy spaces,with implications for education governance.We address this phenomenon by analyzing the Varkey Foundation’s(VF)“landing”and“expansion”in Latin America.VF is a global philanthropic organization registered in the United Kingdom in 2011 with a main hub in Argentina,where it landed in 2017.Design/Approach/Methods:We use network ethnography to examine the influence of new philanthropy on education governance as this phenomenon demands new methods to grasp the“realities”of governing beyond conventional ways and understanding policy mobilities.Findings:Results indicate how VF“landed”in a little pro-market space via productive uses of policy networks.The second phase of data collection and analysis presents further consolidation of VF in Argentina,its expansion into Latin America,and its establishment as a legitimate education policy actor.Originality/Value:This study provides new evidence and insights into how policy networks enable new philanthropy to land and consolidate within national boundaries and,later,across the region as a legitimate actor in education.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1404200)the Tianjin Key Program of Applied Foundation and Advanced-Tech Research,China(Grant No.18JCZDJC40200)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2012AA051709)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51509183)
文摘The local scour around a new pile-group foundation of offshore wind turbine subjected to a bi-directional current was physically modeled with a bi-directional flow flume. In a series of experiments, the flow velocity and topography of the seabed were measured based on a system composed of plane positioning equipment and an ADV.Experimental results indicate that the development of the scour hole was fast at the beginning, but then the scour rate decreased until reaching equilibrium. Erosion would occur around each pile of the foundation. In most cases, the scour pits were connected in pairs and the outside widths of the scour holes were larger than the inner widths. The maximum scour depth occurred at the side pile of the foundation for each test. In addition, a preliminary investigation shows that the larger the flow velocity, the larger the scour hole dimensions but the shorter equilibrium time. The field maximum scour depth around the foundation was obtained based on the physical experiments with the geometric length scales of 1:27.0, 1:42.5 and 1:68.0, and it agrees with the scour depth estimated by the HEC-18 equation.
文摘Purpose:New philanthropy develops new forms of policy“problem-solving”through the influx of private actors’money and ideas.It adopts singular configurations across different policy spaces,with implications for education governance.We address this phenomenon by analyzing the Varkey Foundation’s(VF)“landing”and“expansion”in Latin America.VF is a global philanthropic organization registered in the United Kingdom in 2011 with a main hub in Argentina,where it landed in 2017.Design/Approach/Methods:We use network ethnography to examine the influence of new philanthropy on education governance as this phenomenon demands new methods to grasp the“realities”of governing beyond conventional ways and understanding policy mobilities.Findings:Results indicate how VF“landed”in a little pro-market space via productive uses of policy networks.The second phase of data collection and analysis presents further consolidation of VF in Argentina,its expansion into Latin America,and its establishment as a legitimate education policy actor.Originality/Value:This study provides new evidence and insights into how policy networks enable new philanthropy to land and consolidate within national boundaries and,later,across the region as a legitimate actor in education.
