Palaeoclimatic Cycles, Global Environmental Changes and New Glacial Periods Induced by the Impact of Extraterrestrial Bodies

In terms of Earth\|Sun geometry, the Milankovitch theory has successfully explained most of the cyclic palaeoclimatic variations during the history of the Earth, especially in the Quaternary. In this paper, the authors suggest that the impact of extraterrestrial bodies on the Earth may be another mechanism to cause palaeoclimatic cycles, global environmental changes and new glacial periods. Based on geological and geochemical records in the boundary layers produced by six huge Cenozoic bolide\|impact events (65, 34, 15, 2.4, 1.1, 0.73 Ma B.P.), including those at 34, 15, 1.1 and 0.73 Ma B.P. which are represented by four famous tektite\|strewn fields, the process and mechanics of palaeoclimatic cycles and global environmental catastrophes induced by extraterrestrial impact are discussed in detail. Impact\|generated dust, soot and aerosol floating in the stratosphere could result in short\|term (<1 year), rapid drop in temperature immediately after impact. Through self\|regulation of the Earth’s climate system, the temperature at the surface slowly went up within 100a and maintained stable for a long time at 250K. If there were no other factors leading to the break\|down of the newly\|established equilibrium, a new glacial period would be initiated. Estimating from the thickness of \{δ\{\}\+\{13\}C\} and \{δ\{\}\+\{18\}O\} anomalies in sediments across the impact boundary layer and deposition rate, the duration of two stages of the palaeoclimate cycle in the form of cold weather—greenhouse effect—normal weather was 10\+4-10\+5a, respectively. The conclusion deduced from the above model is supported by palaeotemperature change recorded by oxygen isotope in sediments across the impact boundary layer.

The Subscription Economy and Its Contribution to the Global Economy

The subscription economy has become a dominant influence in the current business environment,fundamentally transforming the manner in which organizations interact with customers and create income.This article examines the substantial influence of the subscription economy on the worldwide economy,evaluating its effects on different industries and marketplaces.The research examines relevant literature and case studies to identify the main factors,difficulties,and possibilities related to the subscription economy.Moreover,its objective is to examine the consequences for firms,customers,and economic expansion,elucidating the possibility of continuous value generation and innovation.

Pathways for Elevating China’s Opening-up under the New Development Paradigm

Due to the superimposed impacts of new industrial revolution,the changing trade policy and the COVID-19 pandemic,the world has seen setbacks in globalization,contractions in the global value chain(GVC),and the risk of a fragmented global system.The once-in-a-century changes in our world today highlight the need for China to explore a new development paradigm based on new concepts.In the new era,China must not only come to terms with a backlash against globalization and challenges from the reshaping of international rules,but also breathe life into the“dual circulations,”i.e.domestic and international economic circulations.China must open up wider to the outside world to keep abreast with changes in today’s global governance system.In the complex and volatile international environment,we should explore new areas of development spearheaded by institutional opening up,create new gateways and platforms for opening up and cooperation for mutual benefit,contribute to new global governance and security systems,and promote synergy between domestic and international circulations.In building a great modern socialist country,China must open up wider and be more inclusive to the outside world.

Global Trend of Low-carbon Economy and China's Responses

Based on the analysis on the global economic crisis,climate change crisis and their mutual underlying reasons,the authors believe that low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to break through the dual crises,coordinate the economic development,and protect the global climate.The global trend of low-carbon economy finds expression in Green Recovery currently,while,in a long run,it will give rise to a new pattern of world competition in politics,economy,technology,trade and finance.The impact of the global trend of low-carbon economy on China can not be overlooked,and it is both a challenge and an opportunity for China＇s future development.Based on comparative studies on the low-carbon economy of China,the U.S.,EU and Japan,the authors conclude that China should blaze a new path of lowcarbon economy development with Chinese characteristics,and the authors have put forward relevant countermeasures for China to address the global trend of low-carbon economy from angles of countries,enterprises and the public

FORGING ASIA′S GLOBAL TRANSPARK IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA AT ZHUHAI

The main purpose of the paper is to introduce the concept of the Global TransPark (GTP). It is a critical time to develop air logistics infrastructure in the New Economy. The paper also presents a brief review of the air cargo industry in the Asian-Pacific region and China,in particular China’s development in the industry as its economy has grown rapidly and globalized in the past two decades. The paper argues that China needs to develop a GTP to support its future growth,and explains why the Pearl River Delta-Hong Kong-Macao city-region or Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) is the best location. Finally,it proposes that Zhuhai Airport,one of the five airports in the EMR,is the best site for the GTP. New policies from Chinese government as well as close cooperation between local governments of Guangdong and the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao will be needed to make the establishment of the GTP possible.

Analysis on China＇s Economic Transformation and Its Relevance to Global Economy

China＇s current economic transformation has its historical reasons and its urgent need of change. With over 30 years of reform and opening-up, China＇s economy experienced high-speed growth for a sustained period, but China is still confronted with many obstacles which call for immediate attention, such as shortage of resources, deterioration of the environment, structural imbalance, and intensified social conflict. If these problems persist, an ominous future would not be avoided unless an economic transformation was in effect. As China＇s economic power and international influence increase, its economic transformation will significantly impact not only its domestic economy, but also the world economy. This article analyzes the transformation of China＇s economy from an international perspective, particularly focuses on the relationship between China＇s transformation and the economies of most developed countries （e.g., United States and EU） by comparing data and analyzing impacts caused by each other. At the end, the article will provide some suggestions for further research.

Digital Economy——Economy of the New Millennium

The new digital technologies allow access, storage, and transmission of information increasingly easier and more accessible, so we deal with digital information that can be converted into new economic and social values, creating huge opportunities for developing new products and services. In these conditions we can say that the information is the key resource for the new type of economy--digital economy. The new economy is characterized by the increasing incorporation of knowledge in new products and services, growing the importance of learning and innovation, globalization and sustainable development. In this paper we propose to address this new type of economy, highlighting specific features and main components. Because the digital economy is characterized by a series of procedures that fundamentally changes the relationship between business partners and taxpayers, by introducing a coherent way of cultivating civic awareness, we considered it appropriate to give an overview of them. In view of the global character of this type of economy, we have presented some aspects of the digital economy in the European Union, considering that it could be a possible solution to the economic crisis, issue of new economy based on digital economy, being analyzed in its various aspects by many political factors and various institutions and international organizations. We ended by presenting the most significant trends in the digital economy and a set of conclusions, in which is pointed the role and the importance of this new type of economy.

Green Economic Development Policy in Vietnam in the Context of Global Climate Change

While sustainable development targets as established in the millennium development goals have not yet been achieved, the “brown economy” model has been destroying the environment and degrading natural resources. Developed countries are transitioning from industrial economy to post-industrial economy and gradually to knowledge-based economy. The global economic models are shifting from “brown economy” to “green economy”. Today, more than ever, greening of development is defined as the approach to achieve sustainable development in the context of climate change. Being a developing country, Vietnam has been severely affected by the increasing impacts of climate change. The National Strategy for Green Growth and the National Strategy for Climate Change with vision towards 2045 which was passed and implemented has proven the determination of Vietnam to achieve sustainable development in the context of climate change by developing a green economy.

World Economic Outlook Global economy will continue the moderated upward trajectory of 2005 in the new year

In 2005, world economic growth decelerated modestly in contrast to the robust performance of the previous year, due to repeated spikes in oil prices and a battery of interest rate hikes by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

Evolutionary characteristics of export trade network in the Arctic region

The economic potential induced by environmental changes in the Arctic region garnered substantial interest,which positions Arctic trade as a crucial indicator in forecasting the impacts of climate change on the global economy.Nevertheless,attention devoted to the evolving dynamics of trade in the Arctic region remains scarce.In this study,we constructed export trade network in the Arctic region(including Denmark,Finland,Sweden,Norway,Iceland,the Canadian Arctic,the Russian Arctic,Alaska State of the USA,and Greenland)from 1990 to 2019 and analyzed its topology and evolutionary characteristics through complex network theory.We used a structural entropy index based on the distribution of the number of trading partners and the degree of trade concentration to assess export diversity,while we also utilized a revealed comparative advantage index to evaluate product export competitiveness using the share of trade volume of each type of product.The results indicate that the total export trade in the Arctic region increased by 53.4%during 1990-2019,with the most significant growth observed in the exports of chemical products and mineral fuels.The increasing complexity of trade network in the Arctic region resulted in the region’s export destinations no longer being concentrated on a few major countries and regions.The proportion of exports from the Arctic region to Europe decreased by 13.5%,while the proportion of exports from the Arctic region to Asia and North America increased by 6.8%and 3.1%,respectively.The Arctic region exhibited clear distinctions in the range of flows of different products,and its export trade was becoming increasingly diversified.Although differences in comparative advantages between products within individual countries or regions have narrowed,substantial gaps persist.The findings of this study can enhance the comprehensive understanding of the significance and function of Arctic trade activities within the global economy,providing a scientific basis for addressing the associated challenges and opportunities in the context of climate change.

Urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes in transitional economies in the global south:a case of Yangon

Background:Transitional economies in Southeast Asia—a distinct group of developing countries—have experienced rapid urbanization in the past several decades due to the economic transition that fundamentally changed the function of their economies,societies and the environment.Myanmar,one of the least developed transitional economies in Southeast Asia,increased urbanization substantially from 25%in 1990 to 31%in 2019.However,major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the changes in urban land use and land cover and environment and their drivers in its cities.Methods:We studied Yangon,the largest city in Myanmar,for the urbanization,environmental changes,and the underlying driving forces in a radically transitioned economy in the developing world.Based on satellite imagery and historic land use maps,we quantified the expansion of urban built-up land and constructed the land conversion matrix from 1990 through 2020.We also used three air pollutants to illustrate the changes in environmental conditions.We analyzed the coupled dynamics among urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes.Through conducting a workshop with 20 local experts,we further analyzed the influence of human systems and natural systems on Yangon’s urbanization and sustainability.Results:The city of Yangon expanded urban built-up land rapidly from 1990 to 2000,slowed down from 2000 to 2010,but gained momentum again from 2010 to 2020,with most newly added urban built-up land appearing to be converted from farmland and green land in both 1990–2000 and 2010–2020.Furthermore,the air pollutant concen-tration of CO decreased,but that of NO_(2)and PM_(2.5)increased in recent years.A positive correlation exists between population and economic development and the concentration of PM_(2.5)is highly associated with population,the economy,and the number of vehicles.Finally,the expert panel also identified other potential drivers for urbanization,including the extreme climate event of Cyclone Nargis,capital relocation,and globalization.Conclusions:Our research highlights the dramatic expansion of urban land and degradation of urban environment measured by air pollutants and interdependent changes between urbanization,economic development,and environmental changes.

后冬奥时代我国冰雪产业高质量发展的动力变革与实现路径

运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法对后冬奥时代我国冰雪产业高质量发展的基础能力、发展机遇、动力变革进行了研究。研究发现:冰雪产业自身变革发展模式、拓展地理空间、服务乡村振兴、区域协同等自身优势为高质量发展奠定了基础;北京冬奥会为我国冰雪产业的高质量发展提供了发展机遇,加快构建了冰雪产业高质量发展的新格局,促进了产品体系完善和多链融合;产业变革的动力来自供需平衡、市场主体支撑、要素驱动转化、制度环境、科技创新。因此笔者提出要加强顶层设计,构建中国特色现代化的高质量冰雪产业发展体系;提高效率,规范职能,建设协同高效的一流营商环境;加强健康引领,丰富供给类型,建设服务人民的冰雪体育公共服务体系;夯实开放理念,增强科技助力,建设创新融合低碳发展的冰雪产业市场机制;建立支撑冰雪产业高质量发展的人才培养体系;以更高水平的对外开放,深度融入全球冰雪产业格局等路径促进后冬奥会时代我国冰雪产业的高质量发展。

2023年南极海冰范围新低事件及其气候意义

南极海冰曾长期维持弱增长趋势,但近年来快速减少.紧随2022年新低之后,2023年2月南极海冰范围(SIE)又创下新低纪录178.8万km~2,有观测以来南极SIE首次未经恢复就直接在第二年连续新低,具有重要的气候指示意义.研究显示,SIE初始基数小、大气海洋温度偏高、吸收净太阳辐射异常偏多和来自中纬度的暖平流异常、前春南极涛动和阿蒙森海低压维持异常偏强等是本次海冰新低事件的直接原因,相比于2022年,2023年新低时海冰在东南威德尔海等地进一步减少,而在西北威德尔海等地有所增加,这可能与大气环流在前后两年2月间大气环流的区域变化有关.进一步研究发现,南极海冰和海洋大气温度在过去几十年都经历了趋势变化,其中夏季气温和夏季SIE最小值的趋势转变最早也最显著,近期南极SIE的连续新低和环南极净太阳辐射通量新高等现象可能预示了南极海冰长期趋势转折的确立,后者对于未来南极和全球气候具有关键性影响.

从科技创新看全球经济前景——基于长周期视角

科技创新是扩大优质需求的根本方式,是驱动新一轮康波周期开启的关键力量。近年来,全球涌现了众多革命性的科技成果,包括星链系统、智能机器人、太空产业、量子计算、核聚变、室温超导等,带来生产力与生产方式的巨大变革,是未来推动全球经济持续繁荣的关键引擎。经济运行呈现周期性波动,根据周期长短可以划分为短周期、中周期和长周期,短周期主要受供给和需求影响,而长周期则依赖于创新驱动。因此,尽管短期内全球经济面临下行压力,但长期看全球经济将逐步进入新的经济长周期。新质生产力是生产力的高级形态,明确了新科技革命和产业变革的发展方向,培育新质生产力就是引导中国经济进入长周期,是经济高质量发展的必然要求。当前中国在新能源技术、人工智能技术和量子计算技术等领域已经取得显著优势,需要抓住本轮科技革命机遇加快培育新质生产力,依靠科技创新,特别是颠覆性、原创性创新,着眼于新制造、新服务、新业态,打造中国经济增长新动能、新优势,以科技创新驱动经济高质量发展。

文化经济也是新质生产力

新质生产力是通过对包括劳动者、劳动资料与劳动对象在内的生产力内在系统三大要素提升与改造以及对它们之间关系优化组合而形成的先进生产力。新质生产力是生产力“质”的变化,但它又不同于生产力“质变”,前者是就具体生产力性质而言的,而后者则是针对国家或地区生产力整体现状与发展特点来说的。当前我国整体生产力发展处于“跨越式”发展状态,因此,必须以发展新质生产力为指导,因地制宜,科学合理制定政策,有步骤地推动我国整体生产力质变。生产力内在系统是新质生产力发展的核心,但其外在系统的影响也十分重要。其中,自然科学与人文文化的作用尤其突出。虽然文化经济也是新质生产力,但在其发展过程中不能直接以发展一般新质生产力的方式推进,而必须按文化建设的规律推动其健康发展。

Review on carbon emissions, energy consumption and low-carbon economy in China from a perspective of global climate change

Accompanying the rapid growth of China's population and economy, energy consumption and carbon emission increased significantly from 1978 to 2012. China is now the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter of the world, leading to much interest in researches on the nexus between energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy. This article presents the domestic Chinese studies on this hotpot issue, and we obtain the following findings. First, most research fields involve geography, ecology and resource economics, and research contents contained some analysis of current situation, factors decomposition, predictive analysis and the introduction of methods and models. Second, there exists an inverted "U-shaped" curve connection between carbon emission, energy consumption and economic development. Energy consumption in China will be in a low-speed growth after 2035 and it is expected to peak between 6.19–12.13 billion TCE in 2050. China's carbon emissions are expected to peak in 2035, or during 2020 to 2045, and the optimal range of carbon emissions is between 2.4–3.3 PgC/year(1 PgC=1 billion tons C) in 2050. Third, future research should be focused on global carbon trading, regional carbon flows, reforming the current energy structure, reducing energy consumption and innovating the low-carbon economic theory, as well as establishing a comprehensive theoretical system of energy consumption, carbon emissions and low-carbon economy.

China’s Economic Development in the New Era: Challenges and Paths

China’s economy has seen rapid development ever since its reform and opening-up strategy was launched in 1978.Strong economic expansion over the past four decades has taken China from low-income to upper-middle-income status.Looking back at the transformation that China has made,however,we must recognise that the old growth story is coming to an end.The phase of development driven by investment in physical capital will be increasingly supplanted by investment in assets such as knowledge and social capital as well as investment in preservation of natural capital.Recognising the challenges that China is facing,with this paper we aim to offer an approach to growth and development that could spell out a new development strategy for the country as the 21st century progresses.China will focus on the technologies with high-quality growth prospects:modern service sectors,including health,education,transport,communications and IT,artificial intelligence,finance,logistics,sustainable urban infrastructure and new food and land-use systems.With today’s technologies,China can help the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries embark on a much more sustainable,more efficient and greener form of development,avoiding historical problems of pollution and congestion,with China itself moving up the value chain at the same time.

深度学习技术对碳循环经济的影响研究

2016年,175个国家正式签署《巴黎协定》,旨在使全球变暖“远低于”2℃,并“努力”让其低于1.5℃。而发展碳循环经济,恰恰是出于应对全球气候变化的需要。放眼世界,无论是中国的“双碳”战略,还是美国的“五个零”战略都与碳循环经济息息相关。另一方面,当前以深度学习为核心的AI应用在多个领域并大放异彩,可谓举世瞩目。碳循环经济主要以与碳紧密相关的“4R”为核心,通过研究深度学习技术在碳减排、碳回收、碳再利用与碳消除4个方面的应用与影响,得到该技术目前在碳循环经济中的发展状况,并探讨发展意义。结果表明,深度学习技术对碳循环经济存在积极影响,并且在该领域存在多方面的应用,同时该技术在未来具有极大的发展潜力。

新动荡变革期全球治理改革的挑战与中国的战略选择

世界进入新的动荡变革期,是党中央对当前国际形势和全球治理发展趋势的重大科学判断。面对新动荡变革期下世界陷入极度不稳定性和不确定性的严峻国际形势,全球治理改革面临着美西方利益集团的掣肘、全球治理改革“中国之治”与“西方之治”的对立、全球治理改革主要行为体对抗式制度体系的负外部性、全球治理改革行为体信任赤字的加剧与价值共识的深刻分歧等多重挑战。在此背景下,中国要稳步推进全球治理改革并提升自身在全球治理改革中的影响力、塑造力和引领力,首先,要加速提升国家综合实力,在对外开放中持续提升我国在世界市场中的地位和影响力,以此为基础渐进改变中国在全球治理改革中的角色;其次,要加快构建中国话语体系,增强用中国价值理念等智识元素对全球治理改革的引领,形成中国原创的全球治理改革理论,提升中国在全球治理改革中的国际话语权;最后,要加强与不同行为体的协调与合作,找到合作与斗争的平衡点,持续扩大合作的外溢效应,进而以和平合作的方式将全球治理改革的美好愿景变成现实。

An Overview： The Sudden Change of the Chinese Economy and Macroeconomic Policy Choices

With the rapid growth of the Chinese economy, some new phenomena appeared before mid--2008： these included excess liquidity of the banking system, increasing inflation pressure, huge increase of foreign exchange reserves, growing pressure of RMB revaluation, high price of real estate, consistent growth of equity price, rising reserves requirements ratio, large pressure of raising the RMB interest rate. /~er that, due to the international financial crisis, the external demand on China has decreased and the goal of the Chinese macro economy was directed to ensure economic growth. Proactive fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy were adopted by the Chinese government. It was a tough task to maintain steady growth of the macro economy under the impact of the global financial crisis. In 2009, stimulated by the macroeconomic policy, the Chinese economy showed a V-shape rebound. The paper mainly explores the sudden economic change due to the global financial crisis, and the situation of the Chinese economy in these two different phases. Finally the paper puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions.