Comprehensive Assessment of Seawater Quality Based on an Improved Attribute Recognition Model

The attribute recognition model (ARM) has been widely used to make comprehensive assessment in many engineering fields, such as environment, ecology, and economy. However, large numbers of experiments indicate that the value of weight vector has no relativity to its initial value but depends on the data of Quality Standard and actual samples. In the present study, the ARM is enhanced with the technique of data driving, which means some more groups of data from the Quality Standard are selected with the uniform random method to make the calculation of weight values more rational and more scientific. This improved attribute recognition model (IARM) is applied to a real case of assessment on seawater quality. The given example shows that the IARM has the merits of being simple in principle, easy to operate, and capable of producing objective results, and is therefore of use in evaluation problems in marine environment science.

Projection pursuit cluster model and its application in water quality assessment

One of the difficulties frequently encountered in water quality assessment is that there are many factors and they cannot be assessed according to one factor, all the effect factors associated with water quality must be used. In order to overcome this issues the projection pursuit principle is introduced into water quality assessment, and projection pursuit cluster(PPC) model is developed in this study. The PPC model makes the transition from high dimension to one-dimension. In other words, based on the PPC model, multifactor problem can be converted to one factor problem. The application of PPC model can be divided into four parts: (1) to estimate projection index function Q(); (2) to find the right projection direction ; (3) to calculate projection characteristic value of the i th sample z-i, and (4) to draw comprehensive analysis on the basis of z-i. On the other hand, the empirical formula of cutoff radius R is developed, which is benefit for the model to be used in practice. Finally, a case study of water quality assessment is proposed in this paper. The results showed that the PPC model is reasonable, and it is more objective and less subjective in water quality assessment. It is a new method for multivariate problem comprehensive analysis.

Parameter selection and model research on remote sensing evaluation for nearshore water quality

Using remote sensing technology for water quality evaluation is an inevitable trend in marine environmental monitoring. However, fewer categories of water quality parameters can be monitored by remote sensing technology than the 35 specified in GB3097-1997 Marine Water Quality Standard. Therefore, we considered which parameters must be selected by remote sensing and how to model for water quality evaluation using the finite parameters. In this paper, focused on Leizhou Peninsula nearshore waters, we found N, P, COD, PH and DO to be the dominant parameters of water quality by analyzing measured data. Then, mathematical statistics was used to determine that the relationship among the five parameters was COD〉DO〉P〉N〉pH. Finally, five-parameter, fourparameter and three-parameter water quality evaluation models were established and compared. The results showed that COD, DO, P and N were the necessary parameters for remote sensing evaluation of the Leizhou Peninsula nearshore water quality, and the optimal comprehensive water quality evaluation model was the four- parameter model. This work may serve as a reference for monitoring the quality of other marine waters by remote sensing.

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin.To date,there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream.Moreover,little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)by the game theory.Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019.Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution,and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution.Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors.In terms of this study,an improved comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities,and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments.By contrast,water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation.The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data,but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators,whose results are relatively reasonable.All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.

Turkey Creek—A Case Study of Ecohydrology and Integrated Watershed Management in the Low-Gradient Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA

Water yield, water supply and quality, wildlife habitat, and ecosystem productivity and services are important societal concerns for natural resource management in the 21st century. Watershed-scale ecohydrologic studies can provide needed context for addressing complex spatial and temporal dynamics of these functions and services. This study was conducted on the 5240 ha Turkey Creek watershed (WS 78) draining a 3rd order stream on the Santee Experimental Forest within the South Carolina Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. The study objectives were to present the hydrologic characteristics of this relatively undisturbed, except by a hurricane (Hugo, 1989), forested water-shed and to discuss key elements for watershed management, including water resource assessment (WRM), modeling integrated water resources management, environmental assessment, land use planning, social impact assessment, and information management. Runoff coefficients, flow duration curves, flood and low flow frequency curves, surface and ground water yields were assessed as elements of the WRM. Results from the last 10 years of interdisciplinary studies have also advanced the understanding of coastal ecohydrologic characteristics and processes, water balance, and their modeling including the need of high resolution LiDAR data. For example, surface water dynamics were shown to be regulated primarily by the water table, dependent upon pre- cipitation and evapotranspiration (ET). Analysis of pre- and post-Hugo streamflow data showed somewhat lower but insignificant (α = 0.05) mean annual flow but increased frequency of larger flows for the post-Hugo compared with the pre-Hugo level. However, there was no significant difference in mean annual ET, potentially indicating the resiliency of this coastal forest. Although the information from this study may be useful for comparison of coastal ecohydrologic issues, it is becoming increasingly clear that multi-site studies may be warranted to understand these complex systems in the face of climate change, sea level rise, and increasing development in coastal regions.

Dynamic comprehensive quality assessment of postharvest grape in different transportation chains using SAHP–CatBoost machine learning

Objectives:Food quality assessment is critical for indicating the shelf-life and ensuring food safety or value.Due to high environmental sensitivity,the post-harvest quality of fresh fruit will undergo complex changes in the supply chain,with various dynamic quality-related features.It is diffcult to effciently and accurately extract comprehensive quality feature of post-harvest fruits from high-dimensional monitoring data with heterogeneous characteristics(numerical and categorical).Therefore,we proposed a dynamic comprehensive quality assessment method based on self-adaptive analytic hierarchy process(SAHP)integrated with the CatBoost model.Materials and Methods:By adaptive weight optimization,the SAHP was utilized to analyze the multi-source quality information and obtain the quantized fusion value,as an output sample of CatBoost machine learning.Then,using heterogeneous monitoring data as input,the CatBoost model was directly trained through unbiased boosting with categorical features for dynamic assessment of overall quality status.Results:Three quality index monitoring data sets for‘Jufeng’grape in different transportation chains(normal temperature,cold insulation,and cold chain)were individually constructed as the research samples.Furthermore,compared to other machine learning methods,the SAHP-CatBoost had more accurate results in comprehensive quality feature extraction.In actual transportation chains,the mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and root mean squared error of dynamic comprehensive assessment were limited to 0.0044,1.012%,and 0.0078,respectively.Conclusions:The proposed method is effcient in handling heterogeneous monitoring data and extracting comprehensive quality information of post-harvest grape as a robust shelf-life indicator.It can reasonably guide post-harvest quality management to reduce food loss and improve economic benefts.

发展新质生产力视域下高校图书馆数字资源引入评价研究——基于Kano模型的用户需求分析视角

文章采用文献调查和专家咨询方法,基于用户需求视角,构建包括5项一级指标和28项二级指标的高校图书馆数字资源引入评价指标体系;以Kano模型理论为指导设计调查问卷,并面向高校图书馆工科用户发放;将调查结果进行传统Kano模型归类、混合归类及Better-Worse指数归类分析,得出数字资源引入评价指标优先序;结合指标需求属性归类结果和优先序为高校图书馆数字资源引入评价工作提出建议,即聚焦用户的多元需求,把握评价指标需求属性的周期变化,关注混合类指标的综合管理策略,构建数字资源引入的完整评价体系。

福州市浦东河综合治理方案设计及效果后评估分析

在2017年治理之前,浦东河是福州市城区一条典型重度黑臭水体,浦东河水质恶化主要原因是外源污染严重、内源淤泥积累、水体流动性差等。为改善河道水质,方案采取"控源截污、内源清淤、活水提质、系统化智慧管控"的组合手段对其进行治理。通过对河道概化与模型分析对该方案进行模拟验证,同时采用工程完成后连续一年的实际河道监测数据对该方案进行后评估。结果显示:经过系统化的治理,浦东河COD、氨氮基本可以稳定在40mg/L、6mg/L以内,达到基本消除黑臭水体的目标。由此可见,该组合手段应用在浦东河整治中效果较好,可为其它城市黑臭水体整治提供实践参考。

A Method for the Environmental Quality Assessment of Surface Water Based on Artificial Neural Networks

An assessment method for the environmental quality of surface water was established based on artificial neural networks (ANN), in which different classification values were trained as learning samples. The assessment results from the major river section in Datong city indicated that the ANN model have characteristics of simple operation and distinct and quantitative expression of assessment results in comparison with the standard index method for the environmental quality assessment of surface water.

高含水老油田化学驱综合治理新方法及工程实践路径

针对胜利高含水老油田化学驱在科学、技术、管理、工程四个角度面临的开发矛盾,以渤76块为典型单元,在工程实践中进行具体对策分析,构建了“适、专、快、集”的老油田化学驱综合治理新方法。“适”指在老油田科学开发方式转化上,构建不同油藏类型老油田化学驱最佳介入时机模型,提出了在含水率相对较低的阶段,是适合化学驱的有利时机,高效开发方式需“适”介入。“专”指在老油田开发技术应用上,改变传统聚合物先溶解后注入的开发思路,研制可控相转化聚合物,使聚合物先注入后溶解,解决炮眼剪切降解的难题,提高油水流度控制能力,老油田开发矛盾需“专”治理。“快”指在老油田综合管理模式上,改变传统方式,即矿场提问题、研究院设计方案、化工厂生产驱油剂的“串联”管理模式,提出充分发挥矿场、研究院、生产厂三方优势的“并联”管理模式,形成针对单一油藏的产品工业化工艺包以及产业化落地方案,老油田开发技术实现“快”转化。“集”指在老油田工程应用实践上,打破老油田化学驱地面大规模建站的工程工艺模式,采用集约化撬装配注设备,实现老油田化学驱的集约快速配注,老油田工程工艺实现“集”应用。运用上述方法,在胜利油田渤76块综合含水率上升初期,实施由水驱转为可控相转化聚合物驱,实施后一年即见到明显的降水增油效果,单井日产油水平增加8.6t/d,综合含水率降低3.1%,验证了综合治理模式的可行性,为高含水老油田化学驱高效开发提供了有效路径。

长江中上游重要渔业水域环境质量评估

为准确评估长江中上游重要渔业水域水环境质量现状及变化趋势,提高水质评价效率,本研究基于11个水质参数,采用水质指数法(water quality index,WQI)对2006-2021年长江中上游三个重要渔业水域水质进行了综合评价,建立WQI min综合评价模型。结果显示:(1)长江中上游重要渔业水域的水温和高锰酸盐指数呈上升趋势;基于地表水环境质量标准(GB38338-2002),单因素水质评价结果表明监测水域内整体水质处于地表水Ⅴ类水标准,部分年份达劣Ⅴ类,主要污染指标为总氮。(2)通过综合评价方法分析,长江中上游重要渔业水域整体为“良”;2006~2021年长江中上游重要渔业水域水质质量呈逐年改善的趋势,且上游保护区的改善较大。(3)基于WQI方法,确定了长江中上游重要渔业水域的关键水质参数为:总氮、高锰酸盐指数、汞、溶解氧、氨氮、悬浮物以及水温,分别构建了上游保护区、中华鲟保护区以及四大家鱼保护区的WQI_(min)模型;考虑权重和不考虑权重的WQI min模型对比分析表明,考虑权重的WQI min模型的水质评价结果更加准确,该方法可有效评估长江中上游重要渔业水域的水质变化特征并可扩展用于其他水域。

高质量发展视角下京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价研究

为综合评价京津冀地区的高质量发展水平,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个维度构建高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值-变异系数综合赋权法计算指标权重,利用线性加权法构建综合评价指数模型测度京津冀地区WEF系统高质量发展的水平,并基于灰色关联度模型探究影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子与维度。结果表明:2011—2021年京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价指数呈现上升趋势,空间尺度上3个省市的均值排序为北京市>河北省>天津市;京津冀地区WEF系统各维度指数表现出不同的时空特征,其中共享维度表现出下降趋势,创新维度的空间差异性最显著;粮食产量、生活耗能占比、万元GDP耗能量、生活用水量占比、第三产业耗能占比等指标是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子,协调与共享是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键维度,本研究可为区域资源高水平管理提供科学的理论依据。

基于组合赋权-云模型的抽蓄电站高质量发展评价体系

为科学评价生产期抽蓄电站高质量发展现状、把握电站发展的薄弱环节、明确建设期及新投运电站发展方向,根据抽蓄电站定位及高质量发展内涵,经过2轮筛选,构建了包含服务电力系统稳定运行、经济、绿色、创新、共享5个一级指标以及18个二级指标的评价指标体系;选用层次分析法–决策实验分析方法确定指标权重,运用云模型评价各电站高质量发展等级。最后,选取A抽蓄电站为算例验证评价体系适用性。评价结果显示,该电站服务电力系统稳定运行、绿色和共享3个指标表现均为良好,经济和创新指标表现为中等,与电站实际运行情况相符合。该验证结果表明,采用上述方法构建的评价指标体系有很好的适用性。

基于云模型的新体制机载气象雷达健康状态评估

在分析新体制机载气象雷达系统的工作原理和基本组件的基础上,选取发射机、接收机、信号处理机和有源相控阵雷达T/R组件为首要研究对象,构建了多特征融合的气象雷达系统健康状态参数集,采用层次分析法对各状态参数合理赋权,针对新体制机载气象雷达健康状态评估问题,提出了一种基于云模型的改进模糊综合评判法,相较于传统的岭形隶属度函数,该方法通过引入云模型的概念,将模糊性和随机性纳入考量范围,从而实现了更为全面和科学的健康状态评估。

晋升激励、资源错配与经济高质量发展——基于新旧考核模式差异化视角

基于“晋升锦标赛”治理模式的特征事实,使用2003—2016年287个地级及以上城市面板数据,实证考察新旧考核模式下晋升激励对经济高质量发展的差异化影响。结果表明:(1)传统考核观下晋升激励显著阻碍了经济高质量发展,资源错配是晋升激励阻碍经济高质量发展的重要原因。(2)在资源丰富程度较低、政府财政透明度较低、年轻官员主政的城市以及直辖市中,晋升激励对经济高质量发展的负面影响更大;晋升激励对政绩存在“可视性偏差”。(3)新型考核观下晋升激励缓解了资源错配问题,促进了城市经济高质量发展,具有差异化空间溢出的特点。

科技创新主体协同对区域创新的空间效应影响研究

国家创新系统内部主体协同是为了打造新质生产力和提高综合创新能力而开展的一种系统性的创新组织形式,能够有效激发创新资源在系统内协调互补。根据协同理论,构建创新主体协同评价指标体系,运用复合系统协同度模型测度2009-2020年全国30个省份的复合系统协同度,并以此作为创新主体协同指标对区域创新的影响机制进行空间效应分析,分别构建了空间邻接矩阵、空间地理矩阵、社会经济距离矩阵三重空间权重矩阵并对整体空间效应进行评价。研究结果表明,全国各省份创新主体协同几乎都处于低协同状态,但整体呈上升趋势,东部地区协同度最优,政府和企业联动协同度领先;创新主体协同空间效应显示其对区域创新发展有强烈的助推作用,总协同度对本地和邻近区域都产生促进作用,且直接效应大于间接效应,即主体协同创新的“虹吸效应”大于“辐射效应”,整体上实现了技术创新共赢;“全创改”政策实施能够有效促进区域创新发展,其对周边区域创新的辐射作用呈现先增加后下降的“倒U型”变化趋势,且在距离200千米以内政策效应最显著。本研究对全面认识国家创新系统内部主体协同创新关系,以及依据协同指标进行有针对性的区域异质性政策制定有重要启示。

老年综合评估及多学科团队合作模式管理对老年脑卒中患者的影响

目的:探究老年综合评估及多学科团队合作模式管理对老年脑卒中患者的影响。方法:选取2023年1月—2024年1月江门市第三人民医院收治的80例老年脑卒中患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用老年科常规治疗及管理,观察组在对照组基础上采用老年综合评估及多学科团队合作模式管理。对比两组老年综合征发生率、日常生活能力评分、脑卒中影响量表评分、并发症发生情况。结果:管理后,观察组吞咽、营养、压疮、慢性疼痛、失眠、焦虑抑郁发生率低于管理前;观察组吞咽、营养、慢性疼痛、失眠、焦虑抑郁发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。管理后,两组日常生活能力、脑卒中影响量表评分高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P=0.002)。结论:老年综合评估及多学科团队合作模式管理能全面评估老年脑卒中患者状况,有效减少并发症及老年综合征发生,提高患者日常生活能力及生活质量。

黄河流域中小河流水质评价的比较研究

我国中小河流众多,流域面积覆盖了全国85%的城镇及广大农村地区,是区域生产生活用水的主要来源和污染负荷排放的接纳者.开展中小河流水质综合评价对于客观、准确地评价水环境质量状况,制订水污染防治整体规划具有重要意义.以黄河流域河南省2条典型中小河流为研究对象,在识别河流水污染状况的基础上,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价4种方法对水质现状进行了综合评价,探讨了不同方法在中小河流水质评价中的适用性.结果表明:2条中小河流主要污染指标为NH_(3)-N、挥发酚及TP;水质标识指数法的评价结果与可靠性分析中的水质评价结果一致性最高,该方法得到的水质类别结果更加可靠.

深圳市典型小区供水水力水质模型建设与应用

文章选择深圳市两个经过优质饮用水改造和远传水表安装的典型居民小区,通过小区供水管网与爬墙立管的拓扑绘制、用户水表挂接、用水量分配和用水模式设置、监测和校核数据设置、二供水泵曲线提取、边界条件设置等关键问题研究,建立起楼宇水力和水质模型。经过多点、连续和多时段实测数据的比对校核,使模型达到较好的精度。在此基础上,开展小区用户风险模拟、快速风险评估、二供运行优化等应用。该研究为探索小区模型的建设和应用提供了基础,初步形成小区水力、水质特征研究和评估的理论与方法。

中国水利新质生产力评价及障碍因子诊断

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