This paper aims to interpret the connotation of high-quality development of tourism economy(HQTE)from the perspective of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing,and then to e...This paper aims to interpret the connotation of high-quality development of tourism economy(HQTE)from the perspective of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing,and then to evaluate the spatial differenti-ation of China’s HQTE based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018.Specifically,we employ the spatial convergence model to ex-plore the absolute and conditionalβconvergence trends of HQTE in the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions of China.Our empirical results reveal that:1)within the decade,from 2009 to 2018,regions of China with the highest HQTE index is its eastern region followed by the central region and then the western region,but the fastest growing one is the western region of China fol-lowed by the central region and then the eastern region.2)Whether or not the spatial effect is included,there are absolute and condition-alβconvergence in HQTE in the whole country and aforementioned three regions.3)The degree of government attention as well as the level of economic development and location accessibility are the positive driving factors for the convergence of HQTE in the whole country and the three regions.The degree of marketization and human capital have not passed the significance test either in the whole country or in the three regions.The above conclusions could deepen the understanding of the regional imbalance and spatial conver-gence characteristics of HQTE,clarify the primary development objects,and accomplish the goal of China’s HQTE.展开更多
Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2, 000 million peop...Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2, 000 million people, mostly in the developing world. Infants, small children, adolescents and pregnant and fertile-age women are most vulnerable. Only about 50 % of people with ID develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA), since this is a late manifes tation of chronic ID. Based on the average daily iron requirement and on the rate of iron reutilization from red cell hemoglobin destruction, it can be estimated that after iron stores have been depleted, it takes about 4 months of ID erythropoiesis for adult women to have a drop in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] of 10 g/l, if the iron intake is only 70 % of requirement. IDA can be defined by a [Hb] below an appropriate cut-off point for age,sex, physiological condition and altitude above sea level, or by a [Hb] increment of morethan 10 g/l to the administration of adequate doses of iron. More than 85 % of the nutritional anemias are IDA alone, or of iron combined with folate or other nutrient deficiencies [WHO/UNICEF/UNU, 1997; Yip, 1994].展开更多
Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neu...Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal defici even in adulthood.展开更多
Supercapacitors, with ultrahigh power density, superior rate capability, long-term cyclability, and exceptional safety, are regarded as one highly competitive candidate of electrochemical energy storage devices,fillin...Supercapacitors, with ultrahigh power density, superior rate capability, long-term cyclability, and exceptional safety, are regarded as one highly competitive candidate of electrochemical energy storage devices,filling the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite of tremendous effort, elaborated screening of high-performance electrode materials, e.g., graphene, is still intensively required. In this review, we describe the most recent progress in the research and development of graphene-based materials for high-performance and new-concept supercapacitors for the targeted applications in next-generation and smart electronics. First, the design and fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors, including electrical double layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors, were summarized in term of the charge storage mechanism. Second, new-concept supercapacitors with multiple functionalities of high-voltage, fiber-shape, microscale and shape-diversity in order to fulfill the requirements of future electronics are reviewed. Accordingly, special emphasis is given to the structure-dependent-performance effects of pores, hybridization, dimensionalities of graphene-based materials on performance of supercapacitors, and tremendous potential of graphene-based planar micro-supercapacitors for the direct seamlessly integration with versatile micro-electronics. Finally, perspectives and challenges of graphene-based supercapacitors are briefly discussed.展开更多
In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English tea...In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English teaching materials,New Concept English stands out.The study takes the qualitative method to analyze New Concept English II.By observing one of the lessons in the textbook,it aims to check if the design and arrangements of content is in accordance with the linguistic theories and the view of linguistic learning advocated by the editors of this textbook.展开更多
The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For ...The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For this reason,there is a fast-growing scientific interest on this subject,which is part of the general effort for a solar-driven chemistry and energy,the chemistry of the future.To realize this展开更多
During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put fo...During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put forward a series of economic development thoughts including"people-centered"economic development. These are the new summations of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the latest achievements in the theory of the political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics."People-centered"is both the starting point and final purpose of coordinated economic development, an accurate mastery of social and economic development rules, and also the foundation and specific manifestation of coordinated development between people and society. People's subjectivity, coordinated inclusiveness and dialectics of development are the characteristics of coordinated economic development. Regional coordinated development, urbanrural coordinated development, industrial coordinated development, coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, supply and demand coordinated development, ecological coordinated development and interacted coordinated development of the global economy are the important relationships of coordinated economic development that we have to recognize and handle properly.展开更多
As the first major transport infirastructure in Xiong'an New Area,Beijing-Xiong an Intercity Railway is an important step for China State Railway Group Co.A Ltd.to quickly implement the major strategic plan of CPC...As the first major transport infirastructure in Xiong'an New Area,Beijing-Xiong an Intercity Railway is an important step for China State Railway Group Co.A Ltd.to quickly implement the major strategic plan of CPC Central Committee and the State Council.for the establishment of Xiong'an New Area.Xiong'an Station with double-floor spacious waiting areas and the wonderfiul integration of overpass and station building is the first modern integrated transport hub of this kind in China.Based on the characteristics of Xiong'an Station and in the light of the relevant new theories,methods and technologies,systematic studies and innovative practices on the new concept of building up a"well-connected,filly-integrated,environmen-frindly,passenger-oriented,economically-efficient,uurally-rich,intelligent and convenient"passenger station are carried oul,which achieve good results of application and help accumulate valuable experiences for the construction of passenger stations of Chinese high-speed railways in the new era.展开更多
THE five years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012 are an extraordinary period in the course of the Party and the state’s development.It is a time when,facing a slew of prof...THE five years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012 are an extraordinary period in the course of the Party and the state’s development.It is a time when,facing a slew of profound changes at home and abroad including a sluggish world economic recovery,recurrent regional tensions and conflicts,festering展开更多
High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively.Based on the concepts of‘new development’,...High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively.Based on the concepts of‘new development’,‘food security’,and the six dimensions of‘openness,innovation,coordination,green,sharing,and security’,in this study,we established an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of China’s marine fishery sector.We applied the entropy method to evaluate the high-quality development level of China’s marine fishery sector from 2000 to 2016 and explored its spatial and temporal evolution rules.Our results indicated that:1)from 2000 to 2016,China’s marine fishery sector was in the primary stage of high-quality development;2)spatially,the highquality development of marine fisheries showed an upward trend in all provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in the country(not including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan of China),and with time,the distribution pattern changed from single to multi-polarization;3)temporally,the development level of high-quality marine fisheries fluctuated during the study period.From 2000 to 2010,the growth rate in openness was relatively slow,but after 2010,it increased rapidly.Notably,innovation is the driving force for high-quality development.The green and security factors provide a solid guarantee for high-quality development.In the high-quality development of a region,economic development is better coordinated,and the distribution of benefits is more inclusive.This study provides a theoretical basis to formulate effective marine fishery policies for the high-quality development of the marine fishery sector in China.Exploring the high-quality development and evolution process of marine fishery is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery industry,ensuring marine fishery food security,and alleviating global food crisis.展开更多
Radiation is a form of energy where the angular variable of the direction of its photons has a primary importance, particularly for radiation concentration processes, which are essential tools to reach high temperatur...Radiation is a form of energy where the angular variable of the direction of its photons has a primary importance, particularly for radiation concentration processes, which are essential tools to reach high temperatures from radiation beams (as the solar ones) with moderate intensities. Solar radiation cannot be used directly to feed thermodynamic cycles, and optical concentration must be applied to that goal. In general, reflection from mirrors is preferred to refraction by lenses in this case, because they have less optical aberrations. Concentration conveys very high temperatures in the receiver. However, the higher the temperature, the lower the efficiency of the solar thermal apparatus. Besides that, economy also suffers quite a lot when going to very high concentration factors, which is one of the main burdens in the development of Solar Thermal Energy. A new configuration of solar radiation concentrator is presented. It includes a salient innovation in the way the mirrors are given the right curvature by mechanical forces. Those mirrors are originally flat and do not need any special thermal treatment for this purpose. The whole device concept has been guided by the principle of thermoeconomic coherence, which requires similar efforts in all degrees of freedom that have strong influence in the performance and cost of the system. The paper shows the decision tree that has oriented the project, following the principle of equilibrium in efforts, which leads to a design window of moderate values in the main variables. The prototype of this new configuration has already been built, and the first stage of research is considered to be finished, because the prototype has shown excellent conditions to include selected (fitting) technologies at a very low cost.展开更多
Based on the general high-quality development requirements for railway construction in the new era,combined with the new concept of railway passenger stations of China State Railway Group Co.Ltd,namely"being well...Based on the general high-quality development requirements for railway construction in the new era,combined with the new concept of railway passenger stations of China State Railway Group Co.Ltd,namely"being well-connected,fully-integrated,environmeni-friendlypassenger-oriented,economically-efficient,culturally-rich,intelligent and convenient"and aiming at the construction of exemplary passenger station projects,this paper summarizes the construction experience in construction,decoration furnishing culture and art expression of railway passenger stations,proposes the working patterns of formulating the implementation plans of exemplary railway passenger station projects and the expert reviews in innovative way studies and forms 6 special-subject designs such as for colorshape,space,environment,art and culture,as wellas the specific design requirements for 13 key areas including waiting hall entrance and exit corridor;VIP room,etc.,and summarizes and puts forward the construction management system of railway passenger stations in the new era,so as to ensure the expected exemplary project quality of railway passenger stations.展开更多
The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunolo...The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunology. More than 2,000 tumor antigens have been identified, and most of these antigens are self-antigens. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, despite of the progress in the identification of self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfied than expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with tumors, many important fundamental questions need to be addressed. We propose for the first time that the studies in addressing the characteristics of self-tumor antigens and autoantigens are grouped as a new subject termed ＂antigenology＂. In this brief review, we would outline the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and overview the new concepts and principles of antigenology and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42001156)。
文摘This paper aims to interpret the connotation of high-quality development of tourism economy(HQTE)from the perspective of the new development concepts of innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing,and then to evaluate the spatial differenti-ation of China’s HQTE based on provincial panel data from 2009 to 2018.Specifically,we employ the spatial convergence model to ex-plore the absolute and conditionalβconvergence trends of HQTE in the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions of China.Our empirical results reveal that:1)within the decade,from 2009 to 2018,regions of China with the highest HQTE index is its eastern region followed by the central region and then the western region,but the fastest growing one is the western region of China fol-lowed by the central region and then the eastern region.2)Whether or not the spatial effect is included,there are absolute and condition-alβconvergence in HQTE in the whole country and aforementioned three regions.3)The degree of government attention as well as the level of economic development and location accessibility are the positive driving factors for the convergence of HQTE in the whole country and the three regions.The degree of marketization and human capital have not passed the significance test either in the whole country or in the three regions.The above conclusions could deepen the understanding of the regional imbalance and spatial conver-gence characteristics of HQTE,clarify the primary development objects,and accomplish the goal of China’s HQTE.
文摘Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2, 000 million people, mostly in the developing world. Infants, small children, adolescents and pregnant and fertile-age women are most vulnerable. Only about 50 % of people with ID develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA), since this is a late manifes tation of chronic ID. Based on the average daily iron requirement and on the rate of iron reutilization from red cell hemoglobin destruction, it can be estimated that after iron stores have been depleted, it takes about 4 months of ID erythropoiesis for adult women to have a drop in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] of 10 g/l, if the iron intake is only 70 % of requirement. IDA can be defined by a [Hb] below an appropriate cut-off point for age,sex, physiological condition and altitude above sea level, or by a [Hb] increment of morethan 10 g/l to the administration of adequate doses of iron. More than 85 % of the nutritional anemias are IDA alone, or of iron combined with folate or other nutrient deficiencies [WHO/UNICEF/UNU, 1997; Yip, 1994].
文摘Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal defici even in adulthood.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 51572259)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2016YBF0100100 and2016YFA0200200)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant 201602737)Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China,DICP(DICP ZZBS201708)Exploratory Research Projects of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.,LTD&DICP
文摘Supercapacitors, with ultrahigh power density, superior rate capability, long-term cyclability, and exceptional safety, are regarded as one highly competitive candidate of electrochemical energy storage devices,filling the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite of tremendous effort, elaborated screening of high-performance electrode materials, e.g., graphene, is still intensively required. In this review, we describe the most recent progress in the research and development of graphene-based materials for high-performance and new-concept supercapacitors for the targeted applications in next-generation and smart electronics. First, the design and fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors, including electrical double layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors, were summarized in term of the charge storage mechanism. Second, new-concept supercapacitors with multiple functionalities of high-voltage, fiber-shape, microscale and shape-diversity in order to fulfill the requirements of future electronics are reviewed. Accordingly, special emphasis is given to the structure-dependent-performance effects of pores, hybridization, dimensionalities of graphene-based materials on performance of supercapacitors, and tremendous potential of graphene-based planar micro-supercapacitors for the direct seamlessly integration with versatile micro-electronics. Finally, perspectives and challenges of graphene-based supercapacitors are briefly discussed.
文摘In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English teaching materials,New Concept English stands out.The study takes the qualitative method to analyze New Concept English II.By observing one of the lessons in the textbook,it aims to check if the design and arrangements of content is in accordance with the linguistic theories and the view of linguistic learning advocated by the editors of this textbook.
文摘The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For this reason,there is a fast-growing scientific interest on this subject,which is part of the general effort for a solar-driven chemistry and energy,the chemistry of the future.To realize this
基金Development economics research base project of Guangxi(Project number:2017RFJD01)
文摘During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put forward a series of economic development thoughts including"people-centered"economic development. These are the new summations of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the latest achievements in the theory of the political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics."People-centered"is both the starting point and final purpose of coordinated economic development, an accurate mastery of social and economic development rules, and also the foundation and specific manifestation of coordinated development between people and society. People's subjectivity, coordinated inclusiveness and dialectics of development are the characteristics of coordinated economic development. Regional coordinated development, urbanrural coordinated development, industrial coordinated development, coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, supply and demand coordinated development, ecological coordinated development and interacted coordinated development of the global economy are the important relationships of coordinated economic development that we have to recognize and handle properly.
文摘As the first major transport infirastructure in Xiong'an New Area,Beijing-Xiong an Intercity Railway is an important step for China State Railway Group Co.A Ltd.to quickly implement the major strategic plan of CPC Central Committee and the State Council.for the establishment of Xiong'an New Area.Xiong'an Station with double-floor spacious waiting areas and the wonderfiul integration of overpass and station building is the first modern integrated transport hub of this kind in China.Based on the characteristics of Xiong'an Station and in the light of the relevant new theories,methods and technologies,systematic studies and innovative practices on the new concept of building up a"well-connected,filly-integrated,environmen-frindly,passenger-oriented,economically-efficient,uurally-rich,intelligent and convenient"passenger station are carried oul,which achieve good results of application and help accumulate valuable experiences for the construction of passenger stations of Chinese high-speed railways in the new era.
文摘THE five years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012 are an extraordinary period in the course of the Party and the state’s development.It is a time when,facing a slew of profound changes at home and abroad including a sluggish world economic recovery,recurrent regional tensions and conflicts,festering
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41976207,42076222,42071159)。
文摘High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively.Based on the concepts of‘new development’,‘food security’,and the six dimensions of‘openness,innovation,coordination,green,sharing,and security’,in this study,we established an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of China’s marine fishery sector.We applied the entropy method to evaluate the high-quality development level of China’s marine fishery sector from 2000 to 2016 and explored its spatial and temporal evolution rules.Our results indicated that:1)from 2000 to 2016,China’s marine fishery sector was in the primary stage of high-quality development;2)spatially,the highquality development of marine fisheries showed an upward trend in all provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in the country(not including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan of China),and with time,the distribution pattern changed from single to multi-polarization;3)temporally,the development level of high-quality marine fisheries fluctuated during the study period.From 2000 to 2010,the growth rate in openness was relatively slow,but after 2010,it increased rapidly.Notably,innovation is the driving force for high-quality development.The green and security factors provide a solid guarantee for high-quality development.In the high-quality development of a region,economic development is better coordinated,and the distribution of benefits is more inclusive.This study provides a theoretical basis to formulate effective marine fishery policies for the high-quality development of the marine fishery sector in China.Exploring the high-quality development and evolution process of marine fishery is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery industry,ensuring marine fishery food security,and alleviating global food crisis.
文摘Radiation is a form of energy where the angular variable of the direction of its photons has a primary importance, particularly for radiation concentration processes, which are essential tools to reach high temperatures from radiation beams (as the solar ones) with moderate intensities. Solar radiation cannot be used directly to feed thermodynamic cycles, and optical concentration must be applied to that goal. In general, reflection from mirrors is preferred to refraction by lenses in this case, because they have less optical aberrations. Concentration conveys very high temperatures in the receiver. However, the higher the temperature, the lower the efficiency of the solar thermal apparatus. Besides that, economy also suffers quite a lot when going to very high concentration factors, which is one of the main burdens in the development of Solar Thermal Energy. A new configuration of solar radiation concentrator is presented. It includes a salient innovation in the way the mirrors are given the right curvature by mechanical forces. Those mirrors are originally flat and do not need any special thermal treatment for this purpose. The whole device concept has been guided by the principle of thermoeconomic coherence, which requires similar efforts in all degrees of freedom that have strong influence in the performance and cost of the system. The paper shows the decision tree that has oriented the project, following the principle of equilibrium in efforts, which leads to a design window of moderate values in the main variables. The prototype of this new configuration has already been built, and the first stage of research is considered to be finished, because the prototype has shown excellent conditions to include selected (fitting) technologies at a very low cost.
文摘Based on the general high-quality development requirements for railway construction in the new era,combined with the new concept of railway passenger stations of China State Railway Group Co.Ltd,namely"being well-connected,fully-integrated,environmeni-friendlypassenger-oriented,economically-efficient,culturally-rich,intelligent and convenient"and aiming at the construction of exemplary passenger station projects,this paper summarizes the construction experience in construction,decoration furnishing culture and art expression of railway passenger stations,proposes the working patterns of formulating the implementation plans of exemplary railway passenger station projects and the expert reviews in innovative way studies and forms 6 special-subject designs such as for colorshape,space,environment,art and culture,as wellas the specific design requirements for 13 key areas including waiting hall entrance and exit corridor;VIP room,etc.,and summarizes and puts forward the construction management system of railway passenger stations in the new era,so as to ensure the expected exemplary project quality of railway passenger stations.
文摘The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunology. More than 2,000 tumor antigens have been identified, and most of these antigens are self-antigens. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, despite of the progress in the identification of self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfied than expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with tumors, many important fundamental questions need to be addressed. We propose for the first time that the studies in addressing the characteristics of self-tumor antigens and autoantigens are grouped as a new subject termed ＂antigenology＂. In this brief review, we would outline the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and overview the new concepts and principles of antigenology and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies.
