A Glance on the Mineral Deposits and Stratigraphic Sequential Variations and Structures in Different Sections of Indus Basin (Pakistan): New Titanosaurian Sauropod Dinosaurs from the Latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation of Pakistan

Indus basin hosts many significant mineral deposits like gypsum and cement raw materials, gemstones, iron, coal, marble, dimension and construction stones, petroleum and water resources, world class pink salt and other many minerals in different regions which need further exploitation and development. The construction of new water dams in different regions are vital (for availability of cheap electricity), because of available barren and fertile lands and wastage of water as flood. Further the installation of more cement industries in different regions of Indus Basin especially in middle Indus (Sulaiman Range where gypsum, clays and limestones can be available via belt) can increase export to receive more foreign exchange and make local cement cheap for the sustainable development of Pakistan. 31 stratigraphic sequential sections at different sections of Indus basins are presented to know the variation and local stratigraphy. Further here three new titanosaur taxa are being described. Saraikimasoom is based on snout;Gspsaurus, (Maojandino), Nicksaurus and Khanazeem are based on cranial, vertebral and appendicular elements;Balochisaurus, Marisaurus, Pakisaurus, and 3 new genera and species Imrankhanhero zilefatmi, Qaikshaheen masoomniazi and Ikqaumishan smqureshi based on vertebral and appendicular elements;and Sulaimanisaurus and Khetranisaurus based on only caudal vertebrae. Although Pakistani Titanosaurians seem to be proliferated found from one horizon of Vitakri Formation just below the K-Pg boundary they have a wide range of diagnostic features and key elements among titanosaurs which can be used for comparison and phylogenetic analyses with broad updated character data set of titanosaurs.

New Insights into the Depositional Environments of Ordovician Carbonate Formations in the Yubei Area of Tarim Basin Based on Standard Microfacies Types

Objective The Yubei area is located in the mid-east Maigaiti slope of southwestern Tarim Basin, China, with an exploration history of several years. Recent exploration has preliminarily indicated that the Ordovician carbonate formations in this area have some oil and gas potential. Carbonate microfacies provides material basis for reservoir development, seal formation and hydrocarbon generation. Therefore, this work utilized the standard microfacies （SMF） types to study the microfacies of the Ordovician formations in the Yubei area in order to provide theoretical basis for the next exploration.

Geology and Geochemistry of the Yangtizishan-Moshishan Metamorphosed Sedimentary Anatase Deposit in Zhenglan Qi,Inner Mongolia:Discovery of a New Genetic Type of Titanium Deposit

Anatase and its allomorphic mineral rutile have the most prominent economic significance among titanium mineral resources and constitute one of the badly needed mineral resources currently in China. The Yantizishan-Moshishan anatase deposit was formerly referred to as an iron deposit. Based on recent investigation and exploration the authors believe that it is actually a large metamorphosed sedimentary anatase-dominated deposit belonging to a new genetic type. Ore bodies occur in stratoid and lenticular forms in Mesoproterozoic （1751 Ma） schist, metasandstone （metasiltstone）, and amphibolite. Rich ores have perthitic structure comprising chiefly interbedded quartz perthite （with disseminated anatase and rutile） and anatase perthite. Ore minerals are mainly anatase and subordinately rutile and ilmenite （±hematite）, while nonmetallic minerals are chiefly quartz with a certain amount of anthophyllite and biotite （±garnet）. The grain sizes of anatase, ruffle and ilmenite are 0.01-0.1 mm. Rich ores contain 3.14% to 15.46% TiO2. averaging 6.91%, while the low-grade ores have TiO2 content about 1.2%to 2.97%, averaging 1.76%. The ores have relatively high TFe and V contents. Trace elements in anatase and rutile such as Nb and Cr were analyzed by the electron microprobe. According to their relatively low Nb and Cr contents, source anatase and rutile must have come from meta-mafic rocks. Trace elements of the associated ilmenite show relatively high MnO and low MgO contents, just in contrast to those of ilmenite in V-Ti-magnetite ores of magmatic origin. The protoliths of amphibolite wall rocks should be basalt and picrite-basalt. Pertochemical data suggest that the tectonic setting of these rocks belongs to an island arc or a transitional belt between the island arc and oceanic ridge. Silicon isotope study shows that δ30Si values of different anatase ores, quartzite, and schist in this deposit are 0.1‰ to -0.9‰, similar to those of marine hydrothermal exhalative sedimentary deposits. All of these geological and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposit suggest that the anatase ores and amphibolite are products of submarine basic volcanism. The ores had chemical precipitation features, but were later subjected to regional intermediate （or somewhat lower） grade metamorphism （1158 Ma）. Rutile was formed mainly in the process of this metamorphism. The ore belt locally underwent hydrothermal modification during the emplacement of Late Yanshanian granite （118 Ma）.

REE Characteristics of a New Uranium Mineral from the Xianshi Uranium Deposit, South China

Objective Galuskin et al. （2011） firstly discovered that vorlanite （CaU^6＋/4＋）04 is a rare Ca-rich mineral with a fluorite-type structure, which is isostructural with uraninite （U^4＋O2）. Previous studies of the Xianshi granite-related uranium deposit reported that uraninite and pyrite are the major ore minerals whereas galena, clausthalite （PbSe）, and pyrite are minor phases in the ores. A more detailed petrographic and geochronological study of the uranium minerals from the Xianshi deposit showed that there are three distinct types of uraninite-bearing assemblages which formed at three mineralization episodes （Fig. la; Luo et al., 2015）.

New Discovery of Shizhushan Superlarge Wollastonite Deposit in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province

Objective The Mengshan area of the Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province is an important wollastonite production base in China. As early as the 90s of the 20th century, more than ten medium to small-sized wollastonite deposits, such as the Yueguangshan and Caofangmiao Deposits were discovered in the outer contact zone of the Mengshan rock mass. After that, no more progress was achieved in wollastonite prospection. In 2016, the project funded by the Geological Prospecting Fund of Jiangxi Province made significant breakthroughs in the ＂General Survey of the Shizhushan Wollastonite Ore in the Yushui District and Zhangmuqiao Wollastonite Ore in Shanggao County, Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province＂ in the Mengshan area. The new discovered Shizhushan Wollastonite Deposit has a scale of 50 million tons and its resources scale far exceeds that of the Seeleys Bay Wollastonite Deposit discovered in Canada.

Analysis of Mineralization System and Prediction of New-Type Ore Deposits

The discovery of new-type ore deposits, an important approach to guarantee the mineral resources supply in the 21st century, often brings about a gigantic increase in the mineral resources reserves. The analysis of mineralization system is of great importance to the discovery of new type ore deposits. ① The understanding of the relationship among various ore deposit types within a mineralization system in a region can help us to locate the unknown ore deposit types from the known ore deposit types, evidence that has been proved in the mineral prospecting history of ore belts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. ② The understanding of the spatial structure of a mineralization system, especially of the vertical zonation, is helpful for the discovery of the concealed ore deposit types. ③ Clarifying the temporal structure of a mineralization system, including the iteration relationship between the mineral deposit types in the mineralization, leads to the location of the missing mineralization chains from the known mineralization chains (mineral deposit type), a method often proved to be effective in the magmatic hydrothermal mineralization system.④ Clarifying the factors restraining the diversity of mineral deposit types in mineralization system leads to the discovery of the potential of new type mineral deposits in relevant region. ⑤ Studying new mineralization setting and new ore forming processes leads to discovery of new type mineral deposit. More probabilities of discovery of new type mineral deposits are present in biogenic mineralization system, deep sea mineralization system, low temperature mineralization system, tectonic mineralization system and superimposed mineralization system.

New Recognized Intellect for Prospecting Large-superlarge Mineral Deposits

Based on the data base of 1285 mineral deposits of 22 commodities in 121 countries of 6 continents of the world, the authors use the linear trend analysis for their reserves to determine the cut-off limited order of reserves to select 36 exceptional superlarge （as peak mineral）, 95 superlarge and 314 large deposits as new recognized intellect for their quantitative change. We have projected above 445 large-superlarge deposits on （1：5 M） global tectonic background map and divided 4 metallogenic domains, 21 metallogenic belts. Global metallogeny of large-superlarge deposits are： unity by endogenic, exogenic metamorphic and epigenetic in origin; speciality in different metallogenic domains and belts; preferentiality to ore-forming elements of Cu, Au, Fe, Ag, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, Sb, Hg, to continental margins or plate convergent belts, to Intra-continental tectono-magmatic complex belts and Large ductile shear zones; abnormality by the global oxyatmversion （excess oxygen atmospheric event） in Archean, redoxyatmversion （lack oxygen atmospheric event） in Proterozoic-Paleozoic, and tectonosphere thermal erosion （great amount of tectonic magmatic event） in Mesozoic-Cenozoic.

A New Chronological Report of the Hongshi Breccia-Host Gold Deposit in the Western Qinling Region,China

Objective The western Qinling belongs to the western part of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen between the North China Block and South China Block. Multiple orogenic events might be responsible for different types of gold mineralization, making the western Qinling gold region one of the most important gold metallogenic belts in China. This region has demonstrated a total gold resource of 〉500 t and more than ten gold deposits with gold resource of 〉20 t. Almost all gold deposits in the western Qinling gold region can be classified into two distinct genetic types as orogenic （such as the Shuangwang,

High Quality SiGe Layer Deposited by a New Ultrahigh Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition System

An ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) system is developed and the details of its construction and operation are reported. Using high purity SiH4 and GeH4 reactant gases, the Si0.82Ge0.18 layer is deposited at 550℃. With the measurements by double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscppy (RBS) techniques, it is shown that the crystalline quality of the SiGe layer is good, and the underlying SiGe/Si heterointerface is sharply defined.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Granodiorite from the Shayikenbulake Be Deposit in Altay, Xinjiang and its Significance

Objective Intrusive rocks are widely distributed in Altay, Xinjiang, and appear in every structural belt. The rocks are mainly granite （Song Peng et al., 2017）, which formed from 523 Ma to 202 Ma and can be divided into five periods： 479-421 Ma, 410-370 Ma, 368-313 Ma, 300- 252 Ma and 247-202 Ma. However, intrusive rocks earlier than the Ordovician are rarely found. The small- scale low-grade metamorphic granite intruded in the Kanasi Group is the oldest intrusion reported up to now, which is the only one formed in the Early Cambrian （5234-19 Ma, Liu Yuan et al., 2013）. Few Cambrian intrusions limit the study of early magmatic-tectonic evolution in Altay. Medium-free-grained granodiorite is exposed widely in the Shayikenbulake deposit of Central Altay, and occurs as batholith. It formed in the Early Cambrian indicated by U-Pb dating, and is an ideal intrusion for studying Cambrian magmatic-tectonic events in Altay.

A new discovery of The Early Cretaceous Supercritical Hyperpycnal Flow Deposits on Lingshan Island,East China

Objective Understanding the dynamics of sediment gravity flows is of great importance to correctly interpret their related deposits. The discovery of supercritical sediment gravity flows provides some new viewpoints for the explanation of controversial sediment gravity flow deposits. However, the dynamics, formation, evolution processes of supercritical sediment gravity flows and their recognition criteria from their associated deposits are still worldwide controversial. The supercritical hyperpycnal flow deposits recognized in the upper part of Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opporttmity to understand their sedimentary characteristics. This work is aimed at documenting the typical sedimentary structures associated with the supercritical hyperpycnal flow, and discussing the vertical stacking and its relationship with flow evolution.

The Material Source of a New Type of Copper Deposits-Evidence from Stable Isotopes

The new type of copper deposits concerned with in this paper are vein copperdeposits found in the Lanping-Simao Rift Basin, Yunnan, China. As is indicated by H,O, C, S, Pb and Sr isotopes, water and mineralisers in the ore-forming fluids were derivedfrom heated meteoric waer and mantle, respectively. The metallic elements (Cu, Ag, Pb,Zn, As, Sb, Fe, REE, etc.) are characterised by a mised source from the crust and themantle.

New Zircon U-Pb Age of Devonian Granites in the Niukutou Lead-Zinc Deposit, Qinghai Province and its Significance for Prospecting Blind Orebodies

Object The Eastern Kunlun Orogen(EKO), An important part of the Tethyan orogenic belt in the northern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(Li et al., 2014; Ren Haidong et al., 2016), is a key area for geological research and mineral exploration(Li Bile et al., 2015). The Qimantag Mountain is located in middle segment of the EKO, which has experienced the Early Paleozoic and Late Paleozoic–Early

红石岩堰塞坝新堆积体动三轴试验研究

牛栏江上的红石岩堰塞坝新堆积体以石灰岩和白云岩为主,级配和密度离散性较大。同时,已有研究结果表明,红石岩新堆积体具有黏性粗粒土性质,静力参数具有明显的离散性,需开展其岩土料的动力参数研究,以为将其利用改建为水利枢纽提供基础材料数据。采用GDS动三轴仪,对红石岩新堆积体进行了动剪切模量比与阻尼比试验,研究新堆积体动应力应变特性及其影响因素。试验结果表明:随着剪应变的不断增大,新堆积体动剪切模量比不断减小,阻尼比随之增大。新堆积体动力特性受围压影响较为明显,最大动剪切模量随着围压的增大而增大。在相同剪应变条件下,随着围压、干密度、粗颗粒含量的增大,动剪切模量比逐渐增大,阻尼比逐渐减小。另一方面,新堆积体细粒含量较多,颗粒岩性复杂,风化程度差异明显,导致其动力特性具有一定的离散性,与人工筑坝堆石料存在明显差异。

首钢秘鲁马尔科纳铁矿地质特征及找矿新发现

首钢秘鲁马尔科纳铁矿位于安第斯山脉西南侧的秘鲁中南部沿海沙漠地带。目前探明或开采的多个铁矿体均呈层状、似层状,走向NE向或近EW向,倾向NW或N。单个矿体走向延伸达2000~2700 m,厚度100~300 m,倾向延伸200~1000 m,为超大型铁矿床。铁矿赋存于古生界马尔科纳组和中生界塞里托斯组中,不同地层的铁矿石结构构造、化学成分有所不同,其中马尔科纳组中的铁矿石品位较高,品质较好;塞里托斯组中的铁矿石品位较低。随着矿山不断开采,需要增加后备资源,优先寻找赋存于马尔科纳组中的高品位铁矿体。通过分析研究区内航磁异常和地磁异常数据,在矿区东部塞里托斯组与马尔科纳组交界处发现马尔科纳铁矿A-53磁异常区,该异常长约880 m,宽约400 m,面积约0.35 km~2,异常南端梯度大,北端梯度小,该异常极大值4400 nT。推测该异常深部的马尔科纳组中存在隐伏铁矿体。通过钻孔验证,在该磁异常区发现了分别赋存于塞里托斯组和马尔科纳组中的厚大隐伏铁矿体,铁矿石资源量约1.5亿吨,是首钢秘鲁马尔科纳铁矿近期找矿工作的一个新突破。

甘肃省肃北县双沟山等两幅1∶5万矿产远景调查新进展

为大致查明北山、双沟山一带成矿地质条件和矿产资源特征,开展了甘肃省肃北县双沟山等两幅1∶5万矿产远景调查工作。通过4年工作,对研究区内的地层进行了详细厘定和重新划分,建立了岩浆演化序列及构造格架;首次在马鞍山北幅中酸性岩体中发现了超基性岩,确定四顶黑山—双沟山断裂以北的二长花岗岩形成时代为早泥盆世,确定干河梁斜长黑云石英片岩形成时代为新太古代—古元古代;新发现矿床2处、矿点7处、矿化点8处。其中,双沟山铜镍矿是东天山铜镍成矿带东延区域甘肃省北山北带铜镍找矿取得的新突破;通过综合研究,研究区划分出6个成矿远景区,圈定出10个找矿靶区,为今后找矿工作指出了方向。

押金制度下参考质量/价格效应的产品定价策略

为研究顾客在押金制度下参考质量/价格对制造商定价决策的影响,构建了以制造商利润最大化为目标的产品定价模型。运用斯坦伯格博弈理论和最优化方法求出产品最优定价,通过解析方法和数值分析方法分别进行了灵敏度分析及模型比较。结果表明,参考价格/质量效应下再制造品的接受程度、产品的耐用性及押金等参数影响了制造商的最优利润,决定了制造商是否采用押金制度;制造商利润随着参考质量效应程度的增加而减少,随着参考价格效应程度的增加而增加;合理使用押金制度下参考价格效应可使制造商达到更高的期望利润。

新诊断2型糖尿病患者不同糖化血红蛋白水平与临床资料、胰腺脂肪沉积程度的相关性

目的 探讨新诊断2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T2DM)患者不同糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c)水平与临床资料、胰腺脂肪沉积的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2022年1—12月北京丰台银铃中医医院综合内科病区收治的279例新诊断T2DM患者的临床资料,根据HbA1c水平分为6.0%≤HbA1c<7.0%组91例、7.0%≤HbA1c<9.0%组90例及HbA1c≥9.0%组98例,采用磁共振检测各组胰腺脂肪沉积程度。采用Pearson相关分析HbA1c与其他指标的相关性。结果 3组空腹血糖(Fasting Plasma Glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2-hour Postprandial Blood Glucose, 2 hPG)、空腹胰岛素(Fasting Insulin, FINS)、三酰甘油(Triglyceride, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL-C)、胰岛素抵抗指数(Insulin Resistance Index, HOMA-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(Insulin Secretion Index, HOMA-β)及胰腺脂肪分数(Pancreatic Fat Fraction, PFF)比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,HbA1c与FPG、2 hPG、TG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR、PFF水平呈正相关(r=0.605、0.574、0.536、0.122、0.780、0.672,P均<0.05),与FINS、HDL-C、HOMA-β呈负相关(r=-0.232、-0.265、-0.731,P均<0.001)。结论 随着HbA1c水平升高,新诊断T2DM患者胰腺脂肪沉积程度越严重,其可能与糖代谢异常、血脂紊乱及胰岛素抵抗有关。

“就矿找矿”在武当—桐柏—大别成矿带找矿实践中的启示与作用

“就矿找矿”作为找矿勘查工作的一种实用性方法,从概念的提出到现在已有近百年的历史,朱训同志将其上升到理论层面也已40余年了,并在中国找矿实践中得到了广泛应用和发展。多角度论述了“就矿找矿”理论在武当—桐柏—大别成矿带设想动议、立项建议、立项论证、规划部署、组织实施、找矿历程、重要成果等全过程中的启示与作用,并指出“就矿找矿”理论的作用将在新一轮找矿突破战略行动中得到进一步彰显。

Development of Mining Technology and Equipment for Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits

Seafloor massive sulfide（SMS） deposits which consist of Au, Ag, Cu, and other metal elements, have been a target of commercial mining in recent decades. The demand for established and reliable commercial mining system for SMS deposits is increasing within the marine mining industry. The current status and progress of mining technology and equipment for SMS deposits are introduced. First, the mining technology and other recent developments of SMS deposits are comprehensively explained and analyzed. The seafloor production tools manufactured by Nautilus Minerals and similar mining tools from Japan for SMS deposits are compared and discussed in turn. Second, SMS deposit mining technology research being conducted in China is described, and a new SMS deposits mining tool is designed according to the environmental requirement. Finally, some new trends of mining technology of SMS deposits are summarized and analyzed. All of these conclusions and results have reference value and guiding significance for the research of SMS deposit mining in China.