Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics(DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences.The nature of ADME(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion) and PK(pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery an...Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics(DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences.The nature of ADME(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion) and PK(pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems.Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade,not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME,target organ exposure,and toxicity,but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction(DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions.The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition,efficacy,and safety,as well as the interplay with metabolic processes,has been increasingly recognized.Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs,such as peptides,oligonucleotides,and antibody-drug conjugates,necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties.In this review,we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade,and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.展开更多
模型引导的药物开发(model-informed drug development,MIDD)在近年来成为生物医药领域的热点。实际上,在先进的生物制药企业以及监管机构中,对于MIDD也给予了密切关注和认可,在当今注重科技与创新的时代背景,以及我国深化医药改革以及...模型引导的药物开发(model-informed drug development,MIDD)在近年来成为生物医药领域的热点。实际上,在先进的生物制药企业以及监管机构中,对于MIDD也给予了密切关注和认可,在当今注重科技与创新的时代背景,以及我国深化医药改革以及重视创新药研发的政策背景下,MIDD无疑契合了科技与创新的理念,对于新药研发具有重要意义。本文旨在通过分析MIDD的内核及发展趋势,并结合一定案例阐释MIDD在新药研发中的应用,为新药研发相关从业者提供一定理论参考。展开更多
药物的定义在中美之间有很大差别。众多中药产品用来治病救人在中国早已习以为常,但美国则把中药当食品或膳食补充剂来监管,且在销售时不能标明有任何药用作用。美国食品药品监督管理局FDA的《植物药指南》为中药和其他草药未经纯化就...药物的定义在中美之间有很大差别。众多中药产品用来治病救人在中国早已习以为常,但美国则把中药当食品或膳食补充剂来监管,且在销售时不能标明有任何药用作用。美国食品药品监督管理局FDA的《植物药指南》为中药和其他草药未经纯化就能进入临床试验成为处方新药铺平了道路。《植物药指南》中允许推迟减免一些毒理实验以及让相对安全的中药直接进入二期临床试验。通过原药材种植采收及加工工艺来保证药品批次间的一致性也是《指南》的基本精神之一。2016年,修改版的《指南》还增加了用生物活性检测及多批次多剂量的临床试验来验证或保证质量控制的合理性等内容。借用中药的使用经验来研究中药或其有效组分之间的协同或加作用,有望成为中药以植物处方药走向世界的突破口。同时,数百获批进行临床试验的植物药品种只有Veregen和Fylyzaq(Mytesi)两个植物药上市,也说明把中药开发成为与新分子实体(NewMolecule Entity)和新化学实体(New Chemical Entity)一样在多国上市的植物新药面临挑战。可以说,中药产品成为植物新药会是持久战,不宜急功近利。青蒿片剂能否经得起进一步的临床验证而与复方蒿甲醚"(Coartem)媲美,还需拭目以待。展开更多
基金supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA023074,CA092596,ES004940,ES006694,and ES020867,USA)。
文摘Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics(DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences.The nature of ADME(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion) and PK(pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems.Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade,not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME,target organ exposure,and toxicity,but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction(DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions.The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition,efficacy,and safety,as well as the interplay with metabolic processes,has been increasingly recognized.Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs,such as peptides,oligonucleotides,and antibody-drug conjugates,necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties.In this review,we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade,and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.
文摘模型引导的药物开发(model-informed drug development,MIDD)在近年来成为生物医药领域的热点。实际上,在先进的生物制药企业以及监管机构中,对于MIDD也给予了密切关注和认可,在当今注重科技与创新的时代背景,以及我国深化医药改革以及重视创新药研发的政策背景下,MIDD无疑契合了科技与创新的理念,对于新药研发具有重要意义。本文旨在通过分析MIDD的内核及发展趋势,并结合一定案例阐释MIDD在新药研发中的应用,为新药研发相关从业者提供一定理论参考。
文摘药物的定义在中美之间有很大差别。众多中药产品用来治病救人在中国早已习以为常,但美国则把中药当食品或膳食补充剂来监管,且在销售时不能标明有任何药用作用。美国食品药品监督管理局FDA的《植物药指南》为中药和其他草药未经纯化就能进入临床试验成为处方新药铺平了道路。《植物药指南》中允许推迟减免一些毒理实验以及让相对安全的中药直接进入二期临床试验。通过原药材种植采收及加工工艺来保证药品批次间的一致性也是《指南》的基本精神之一。2016年,修改版的《指南》还增加了用生物活性检测及多批次多剂量的临床试验来验证或保证质量控制的合理性等内容。借用中药的使用经验来研究中药或其有效组分之间的协同或加作用,有望成为中药以植物处方药走向世界的突破口。同时,数百获批进行临床试验的植物药品种只有Veregen和Fylyzaq(Mytesi)两个植物药上市,也说明把中药开发成为与新分子实体(NewMolecule Entity)和新化学实体(New Chemical Entity)一样在多国上市的植物新药面临挑战。可以说,中药产品成为植物新药会是持久战,不宜急功近利。青蒿片剂能否经得起进一步的临床验证而与复方蒿甲醚"(Coartem)媲美,还需拭目以待。
