Digital Transformation Trend of the Pharmaceutical Distribution Industry in the Context of New Infrastructure in China

Objective To study the pharmaceutical distribution industry against the background of new infrastructure construction since it is vital to the health and life of the public,and to offer some suggestions to further improve the industry quality and achieve industry upgrading.Methods The national strategies for new infrastructure as well as the underlying logic for enterprise digital transformation were analyzed to provide the outlook on the digital transformation trend of the pharmaceutical distribution industry.Results and Conclusion In the future,the pharmaceutical distribution industry shall transform the pattern,channel,management and control,and experience in the entire business chain in a digital way by focusing on connection efficiency,data efficiency and decision-making efficiency.

Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of the New Infrastructure Construction Development Potential in China

With the advent of the era of big data and artificial intelligence, new infrastructure construction(NIC) has attracted the attention of many countries. The development of NIC provides an opportunity to bridge the digital divide and narrow the regional gap,providing continuous impetus to further promote economic development. Here, we considered 31 provincial-level administrative units in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan of China due to data unavailable) and established comprehensive evaluation indicators for the development potential of NIC. Afterward, we used the entropy-weight TOPSIS model to determine the development potential of NIC and analyze its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. Furthermore, the GeoDetector model was applied to explore the driving mechanism of the NIC development potential. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The Chinese NIC development potential is generally low. The eastern China was the region with the highest development potential year by year, while the development potential in the central China was found to be in an accelerating phase. (2) The evolution of the Chinese NIC development potential’s spatial pattern has been characterized by an inland extension and coastal agglomeration. Moreover, we identified a superior development zone, a rising development zone, an inferior development zone, and a declining development zone. (3) The scope of Chinese NIC development potential agglomeration areas has gradually expanded and its degree has gradually deepened. The range of high-value agglomeration in eastern area gradually expanded and its degree gradually deepened. (4) Investment in innovative talents appears as the core factor affecting the Chinese NIC development potential. Whether acting alone or synergistically with other factors, its promoting effect on Chinese NIC development potential is the strongest.

Rural Infrastructure Construction in New Socialist Countryside Construction

In the background of new socialist countryside construction,rural infrastructure construction is favorable to consolidating fundamental position of agriculture,expanding rural job opportunities,increasing farmers' income,and favorable to development of rural economy and the national economy. Rural infrastructure construction mainly includes construction of agricultural basic production conditions,construction of rural ecological environment,construction of agricultural service system,and construction of rural living facilities. Finally,we put forward approaches and methods for strengthening rural infrastructure construction: firstly,increase fund input to provide financial support for rural infrastructure construction; second ly,make scientific village planning to ensure sustainability of rural infrastructure construction; thirdly,arouse farmers' enthusiasm and initiative to promote stable development of rural infrastructure construction.

Role of government subsidies in the new energy vehicle charging infrastructure industry:a three-party game perspective

With the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,China has posited the direction of“new infrastructure”in 2020.As one of the seven major industries of the“new infrastructure”,the charging infrastructure(CI)industry not only supports the upgrade of the new energy vehicle industry but also provides developing platforms for emerging industries,such as wireless charging,energy storage,smart microgrid,and new energy consumption.Therefore,the government’s supporting role is crucial for the CI industry.To effectively explore the effectiveness of government’s subsidy policy in the CI industry and promote its healthy development,we employed a game model and discussed the government's evolution process of different game strategies between CI and battery-swapping station(BSS)operators in this study.First,China's government subsidies for the electric vehicle(EV)industry were classified into CIs and BSSs.The subsidies obtained by the CI operators were operating subsidies,whereas those obtained by BSSs were investment subsidies.Second,a game model was constructed,involving the government,operators,and users.The model used backward induction to seek the refined Nash equilibrium solution for CIs and BSS operators.The Nash equilibrium solution indicated that the optimal investment amount and BSS quantity of the operator were positively correlated with the government subsidy intensity.When the profitability of the operators increased and the amount of the subsidies increased,consumers’willingness to use EVs increased and the policy effects were closely related to the benefits of government management.The decisions made by either the users or the operators were inversely related to the operators’management efficiency.Besides,the subsidy policy was affected by the government management.Therefore,in the implementation stage of the government’s future subsidy policies,the government needs to innovate and improve management effectiveness.The government could use subsidy policies as a driving force for developing the CI industry to build a comprehensive ecosystem of the industry,which is also the next key point for the government to promote the development of the CI industry in the future.

Finance & Infrastructure Lead New Wave of the Belt and Road Investment

Recently,EY released its report Navigating the Belt and Road:Financial sector paves the way for infrastructure,which raises the fact that with the roll-out of the 'One Belt,One Road' initiative and the implementation of a series of reform measures,Chinese enterprises’outbound investments,led by infrastructure construction,continued its

5G+ABCDNETS:A Feasible Digital Framework for New Infrastructure of Smart Campus

This paper constructs a feasible framework of new infrastructure of smart campus guided by the industry requirements for the construction of new infrastructure of smart campus and based on the technical cooperation of 5G+ABCDNETS.This paper puts forward the deployment parameter table of 5G hybrid private network in the basic network around 3 sub items and 9 construction environments.We designed the specific deployment links of intelligent laboratory,security supervision and scientific research collaboration supported by 14 key technologies such as heterogeneous computing in ABCDNETS,taking the sub item of“smart scientific research facilities”as an example.The research findings of this paper provide preliminary exploration for promoting the implementation of technology in the six construction directions of new infrastructure for education.

Research on Strengthen Investment in Rural Infrastructure Construction

Based on clarifying the definition of rural infrastructure, this paper specifically introduces backwardness of rural infrastructure in Enshi City, Hubei Province. Then it summarizes successful experiences of Korean ＂New Village Movement＂. From a new angle, the paper talks about measures to strengthen investment in rural infrastructure construction. It expects an early realization of ＂the development of production, peasants living a rich and comfortable life, civilized custom, clean and tidy villages, and democratic management＂ of the new socialist rural areas.

Prospects for key technologies of new-type urban integrated energy system

In recent years,primary energy consumption in China’s urban areas has increased rapidly,facing the problems of extensive use of energy,high energy consumption and insufficient intensified use of energy resources.Improving multienergy supply,increasing the proportion of clean energy and integrated energy efficiency are the main goals of urban development.The integrated energy system with multi-functional synergy and open trading will become one of the new directions for the development of new urban energy systems.This paper summarizes the main problems faced by the current towns and the characteristics of the new urban energy system,analyzes the development of new urban energy system from three aspects including energy interconnection hub infrastructure construction,energy management platform construction and energy value sharing,and forecasts the future development direction of new urban energy systems.

SWOT Analysis and Countermeasures of Beijing Rural Infrastructure

On the strength of the status quo of Beijing rural infrastructure, I probe into the SWOT analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of rural infrastructure in Beijing municipal. Among them, the strengths of rural infrastructure in Beijing municipal are analyzed from two aspects, namely, the strong financial support and great importance attached to by the government; the weaknesses are analyzed in terms of the serious shortage of funds invested and disparate investment in rural infrastructure; the opportunities faced by the rural infrastructure construction are analyzed in terms of support form the macrocontrol of the state and the threats are analyzed from the aspects of land preservation and environmental protection. Thus in order to further promote the Beijing rural infrastructure construction and increase the investment in rural infrastructure construction, the following countermeasures are put forward. In the first place, the government should adjust the fiscal policies and increase the investment in rural infrastructure construction. In the second place, the laws should be perfected to provide constitutional guarantee for infrastructure construction. In the third place, healthy supervision system of rural infrastructure should be managed well and use well. In the fourth place, the government should attach importance to disparate demands and shift from the unified standard to classified standard. In the fifth place, the government should enforce the supervision on capital and operation so as to improve the service efficiency of capital.

Balancing Between the New Family Law and Religious Practices and Its Impact on Moroccan Women＇s Lives

The present paper seeks to shed light on the main factors lying behind the non-implementation of Article 20 of the New Moroccan Family Law reformed in 2004 which is concerned with legal minimum age of marriage for both sexes, 18 years old for both. This study aims at investigating why the number of marriages of young girls continue to increase despite the establishment of the Law. The author takes the region of Fez as a case in point to explore this social behavior in Moroccan society. A qualitative approach has been adopted by interviewing 10 persons including Family Affairs Judges, lawyers and University Professors of Islamic studies at the University of Fez. Added to this, the technique of observation has equally been utilized to have everyday life concrete experiences of young girls ＂marriages＂. It has been argued that a unilateral approach to this social phenomenon cannot succeed to understand the complex nature of this bad social habit that is still predominant among rural areas and marginalized urban districts. A rather global approach taking into account the economic, socio-cultural, and legal dimension of the issue under investigation proves to be much more adequate to explore the intricate nature of this problems in which a number of diverse variables interact. The paper ends up with a conclusion and a number of recommendations on how to reduce this social act.

THE SUSTAINABLE MICRO-SCALE MOVEMENT OF COMMUNITIES:CASE STUDIES OF SUBDIVIDED DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTIVE REUSE OF SHARED SPACE IN NEW YORK CITY

1.INTRODUCTION In New York City a decline in manufacturing has propelled social and eco-nomic changes that have transformed certain districts[1,2].Unused building stock there has been the basis for adaptive reuse yielding new housing for families of varying compositions.The constant pressure of the need for affordable housing has resulted in the conversion of existing abandoned industrial structures,pro-viding a green,environmentally friendly alternative to new construction[3,4,5].Adaptive reuse provides an opportunity to bring a building up to current codes,to make the layout and building systems more appropriate and efficient,and to help revitalize neighborhoods.

Construction Direction and Development Path of Digital Educational Resources in the Era of New Educational Infrastructure Construction

Digital educational resources have become essential elements of modern educational public services.China’s national program on new educational infrastructure construction has proposed to take new infrastructure construction of digital educational resources as one of the critical tasks.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis for advancing the reform and development of digital educational resources in the new era.It classifies the current development and realistic challenges of China’s digital educational resources,and summaries and interprets the directions of the three construction projects of new type resources and tools,the resource supply system,and the resource supervisory system.It depicts the prospect of digital educational resource construction in the intelligent era in the combination of the strategic layout of the policies on new educational infrastructure construction.It also discusses such key technologies supporting new infrastructure construction of digital educational resources as multimodal learning analytics,disciplinary knowledge graphs,machine learning,and blockchain.It finally proposes a specific development path for new infrastructure construction of digital educational resources.

New Infrastructure,New Engine--Shanghai unveils three-year construction plan for new infrastructure

Shanghai will carry out 48 key projects in the field of new infrastructure in the next three years with a total investment of 270 billion yuan($38.14 billion),according to the action plan on promoting new infrastructure construction(2020-22)issued by the Shanghai Municipal Government.The35-point plan aims at turning Shanghai into a leading city in the world in terms of scale and innovation capacity of new infrastructure by the end of 2022.

新基建与区域经济协调发展的时空耦合及影响因素

基于2013—2020年中国31省(市、区)的面板数据,在测算出各省级行政单元新基建发展水平和区域经济协调发展程度的基础上,运用耦合协调度模型测算出二者的耦合协调度并分析其时空演化格局及影响因素。结果发现:①中国新基建发展水平、区域经济协调发展程度及二者的耦合协调度均逐年升高,其增长幅度皆呈增加趋势;②新基建与区域经济协调发展的耦合协调度存在明显的空间异质性,东部地区高于中部和东北地区,西部地区最低;③新基建发展水平在省域之间具有负向空间溢出效应,而区域协调发展程度及二者的耦合协调度在省域之间具有正向空间溢出效应;④影响新基建与区域经济协调发展时空耦合的主要因素是产业结构和城市化进程。本文对中国新基建发展水平、区域经济协调发展程度及二者耦合协调度的演化特征及影响因素进行了研判,期望为中国新基建和区域经济协调发展的良性互动提供决策参考。

A SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF ADOPTION OF A NEW INFRASTRUCTURE WITH MULTI-RESOURCE AND MULTI-DEMAND SITES

This study develops a conceptual system optimization model of adoption of a new infrastructure technology with multiple resource sites and multiple demand sites. With the model, this paper analyzes how the distance, spillover effect, demand, initial investment cost, and learning rate influence the adoption of the new infrastructure technology and presents optimization results of the model in different scenarios. The main findings of the study are： from the perspective of system optimization, （1） different distances among different resource-demand pairs will result in different adoption time of a new infrastructure; （2） technological spillover among different resource-demand pairs will accelerate the adoption of a new infrastructuxe; （3） it is hard to say that higher demand will pull faster adoption of a new infrastructure, and the optimal time of adopting of a new infrastructure is very sensitive to its technological learning rate.

教育强国的数字化特征、关键指标与发展路向

国家将教育数字化作为教育强国建设的重要内容进行专门部署,强调教育数字化是开辟教育发展新赛道和塑造教育发展新优势的重要突破口。为了明晰教育数字化对我国教育强国建设的深远意义和影响,以及推进教育数字化转型与创新的现实路径,文章首先通过文献研究梳理了世界教育强国教育数字化发展的共同特征,总结了我国教育数字化转型面临的问题与挑战。其次,通过引入“教育硬实力”和“教育软实力”的理论分析框架,从过程与状态的双重视角构建了衡量数字化发展的表现性关键指标,为教育数字化助力实现教育强国目标锚定了重点方向。最后,立足当前我国教育强国建设背景下数字化的发展进程与现实挑战,提出发展对策:打造世界一流的教育数字基座、形成中国特色的数字教育思想、构建影响世界的数字教育生态、完善数字教育公共服务体系、加强数字化全民终身学习体系与推动数字教育产业集群纵深发展。

农民数字素养对其数字乡村参与的影响机制研究

【目的】作为数字社会的弱势群体,农民的数字化认知普遍较差,数字化“新农具”的操作应用能力普遍不强,直播电商等“新农活”的参与能力较弱,本研究旨在激发农民的积极性、主动性、创造性,充分发挥农民的主体作用,推动其更加积极主动投身到数字乡村这一伟大实践中。【方法】在梳理国内外文献和对北京13个涉农区1500位农民开展问卷调查的基础上,从数字意识、数字通用素养、数字技术素养等6个维度搭建农民数字素养体系,并基于KAP模型构建“农民数字素养-对政府数字服务满意度-农民数字乡村参与行为”理论模型,采用中介效应模型和调节效应模型,探索农民数字素养影响数字乡村参与的作用路径,提出激发农民参与数字乡村的相关政策建议。【结果】(1)农民的数字素养提升其数字乡村参与具有显著的推动作用;(2)农民对政府数字服务的满意程度会间接影响其对数字乡村的参与程度;(3)数字化基础设施在农民数字素养影响农民数字乡村参与的关系中起正向调节作用。【结论】扎实推进数字乡村,让农民多参与、广收益,一是要通过构建农民数字素养培训体系和加强农民数字素养与应用能力培训等方式大力提升农民数字素养,二是要通过加强优质农村服务资源供给与共享和推动服务多元化参与等方式强化农村数字化服务水平,三是要通过强化农村网络承载能力和推动现有技术设备“适农化”改造等方式不断完善农村数字化基础设施建设。

数字新基建、要素配置效率与中国式农业农村现代化

基于2012—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,实证检验数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化发展存在显著促进作用,且这一作用在东部地区、非粮食主产区和高科技投入地区更显著。机制分析发现,要素配置效率在数字新基建驱动中国式农业农村现代化过程中起到关键传导作用。门槛分析显示,在跨过数字新基建的单门槛和要素配置效率的双门槛后,数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的推动作用更显著。空间分析发现,数字新基建对中国式农业农村现代化的影响具有正向空间溢出效应。基于此,提出完善数字新基建布局、提高生产要素配置效率、实施区域特色发展战略的建议,以期为扎实推进中国式农业农村现代化发展提供参鉴。

中国新型基础设施建设:统计测度及产业结构升级效应

系统梳理新基建的主要领域,重塑新基建的测度指标体系,在考察2017—2021年中国新基建水平及特征的基础上,探讨新基建对产业结构升级的影响。研究发现:党的十九大以来,中国新基建水平实现跨越式提升,有效提振了国内需求并推动了数字化转型工作;目前融合基础设施、创新基础设施是部署新基建的主要堵点和难点;随着区域协调发展战略的贯彻落实,近年来新基建的地区差距有所缓解,在区域一体化水平日益提高的基础上应进一步加强区域间的协同联动;新基建可显著促进产业结构升级,且考察期内随时间推移这种正向促进效应愈加明显。

数据要素、新型基础设施与产业结构调整路径

数据要素和新型基础设施在各个产业发挥日益重要的作用。不同产业对数据要素和新型基础设施的应用方式和利用效率存在差异,影响产业结构调整路径。文章构建包含两个生产部门的动态一般均衡模型,用于代表不同产业或同一产业内的不同企业。每个部门将数据作为新生产要素、将新型基础设施作为数据扩展型技术,与传统生产要素结合形成新的生产函数。不同部门的数据产出弹性、数据和传统要素的替代弹性存在差异,这是影响产业结构调整路径的重要因素。通过理论模型推导和数值模拟研究,文章发现:在不同产业之间,由于产品替代弹性较低,提高数据要素和新型基础设施的数量会导致数据产出弹性较高、数据和传统要素的替代弹性较高的产业产出提高,但其产品价格和名义产出降低,促使资本和劳动力流向数据利用效率低的产业。这一过程将改变资本和劳动力的价格,影响劳动收入份额。在同一产业内部,由于不同企业间的产品替代弹性较高,数据要素和新型基础设施导致资本和劳动力流向数据利用效率高的企业,优化生产要素配置,推动整个产业的数字化转型。新型基础设施建设对产业结构调整的推动作用受到数据要素的调节,且最终的影响方向和路径与数据要素一致,可以通过调整需求结构引导更具针对性和长效的产业结构调整。最后,文章提出数据要素、新型基础设施建设的相关政策建议,并对产业结构调整可能导致的问题提出对策。