A New Model of China-US Big Power Relations： A Symbolic Sign in Foreign Affairs

To cope with the current crisis and tensions full-filled China-US relationship, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of building a new model of China-US big power relations, which the US agrees. Yet the new model won a heated discussion. In China this new model was evaluated positively and optimistically, while in the US it was perceived as a strategic challenge or even a threat. In the present article, the author proposes that this new model of China-US big power relations is more like a symbolic sign in foreign affairs rather than a strategic challenge or a threat or an effective and workable mechanism at this moment, and meanwhile analyses this view from diachronic and semiotic perspectives. The analyses reveal that the new model functions as a symbolic sign, signifying to the world that conceptually the two big powers have a good and harmonious relationship.

CHINA'S NEW ATTEMPTS IN BUILDING A NEW MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:CHINA-CEE COOPERATION

Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the

Influence of lateral initial pressure on axisymmetric wave propagation in hollow cylinder based on first power hypo-elastic model

Influence of identical applied initial pressures on the radial surfaces of a hollow cylinder which is compose of materials with first power hypo-elastic constitutive model was investigated.The basic equations of the problem were built up based on the framework of piecewise homogeneous body model with the use of three-dimensional linearized theory of elastic waves in initially stressed bodies(TLTEWISB).With the method proposed previously,this problem was then solved numerically.Moreover,the dispersion group velocity of the lowest order mode with different initial pressures was also studied.It can be concluded that the initial pressure and the geometry parameters will induce considerable changes of different degrees in dispersive relation between phase velocity and wave number in opposite trend(positive in initial pressure and negative in thickness).

Fuzzy Set Based Models and Methods of Decision Making and Power Engineering Problems

The results of research into the use of fuzzy set based models and methods of multicriteria decision making for solving power engineering problems are presented. Two general classes of models related to multiobjective (X,M> models) and multiattribute (X,R> models) problems are considered. The analysisX,M> of models is based on the use of the Bellman-Zadeh approach to decision making in a fuzzy environment. Its application conforms to the principle of guaranteed result and provides constructive lines in obtaining harmonious solutions on the basis of analyzing associated maxmin problems. Several techniques based on fuzzy preference modeling are considered for the analysis of?X,R> models. A review of the authors’ results associated with the application of these models and methods for solving diverse types of problems of power system and subsystems planning and operation is presented. The recent results on the use ofX,M> andX,R> models and methods of their analysis for the allocation of reactive power sources in distribution systems and for the prioritization in maintenance planning in distribution systems, respectively, are considered.

Discount Rate of China’s New Energy Power Industry

Under the dual pressures of energy crisis and environmental pollution,China’s new energy power industry has become a focal point for environmental management and requires greater investment.In this context,as a significant input of investment projects,discount rate requires a well-calibrated evaluation because new energy power investment projects are highly capital intensive.The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the discount rate of China’s new energy power industry.First,we use Moving Average to correct the parameters of capital asset pricing model(CAPM)and weighted average cost of capital,which extends the literature on the avoidance of CAPM noise information problem.Second,we study the industry-level annual discount rates of mainly China’s new energy power industries,including hydropower,nuclear power,wind power,and photovoltaic power industries for the period of 2014-2019.The results show that discount rates in China’s new energy power industries evolved differently between the years of 2014-2019 with average annual discount rates being 7.56%,5.83%,5.60%,and 8.64%,for the hydropower,nuclear power,wind power,and photovoltaic power industries,respectively.In 2019,the four annual discount rates were highest for the photovoltaic power industry(8.66%),followed by hydropower(7.17%),wind power(5.72%),and nuclear power industry(5.26%).Forecasting to 2020 from the 2019 evaluation base period,the discount rates are 6.37%,5.00%,6.57%,and 9.05%for the photovoltaic power,hydropower,wind power,and nuclear power industries,respectively.Under the different capital structures,their forecasts for the photovoltaic power,hydropower,wind power,and nuclear power industries in 2020 are,respectively,within[4.35%,9.24%],[3.92%,7.10%],[4.58%,10.40%],[5.46%,14.81%].We also discussed more details on capital structure and forecast period of discount rates for China’s new energy power industries.Our analysis shows that it is necessary to establish a new energy power industry database and steadily promote the implementation of policies.

Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling of the Emissions from the Logbaba Thermal Power Plant, Douala-Cameroon

Air quality in the vicinity of the thermal power plant of Logbaba in the town of Douala was investigated in this study using data collected in a 5-year period (2008-2012). The distribution of pollutants such as SO2, NOx, CO and the particle matter PM2.5 was analyzed using numerical modeling, based on physical and thermal characteristics, as well as the operating periods of the power plant. The American Environmental Regulator Model (AERMOD) that is an atmospheric dispersion model was used for simulation. The wind rose and others National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in-situ data were used for the validation of the model. The pollutants distribution was evaluated at two locations: the exit of the power plant, considered as reference point, and at 330 m away from the exit where the first houses appeared. The results show that the relative concentration for each contaminant at the exit of the power plant is 7.2% for the PM2.5 during 24 hours of emission, 46.0% for CO over 8 hours of emission, and 17.5% for SO2 over one hour. The NOx is the highest pollutant with 259.1% over an hour of emission and 51.0% over one year. Beyond 330 m of the power plant, only NOx keeps a polluting character with a relative rate of 100%. These results show that the pollution level of the power plant is over the threshold for air quality set by the World Health Organization. Moreover, among all pollutants investigated, NOx appears to be the most critical for the population in the vicinity of the Logbaba thermal power plant. This information is therefore important for policy and decision makers in preventing the vulnerability of the population to air pollutants from such industrial settings.

Multi-objective optimization scheduling for new energy power system considering energy storage participation

For the low utilization rate of photovoltaic power generation,taking a new energy power system constisting of concentrating solar power(CSP),photovoltaic power(PP)and battery energy storage system as an example,a multi-objective optimization scheduling strategy considering energy storage participation is proposed.Firstly,the new energy power system model is established,and the PP scenario generation and reduction frame based on the autoregressive moving average model and Kantorovich-distance is proposed.Then,based on the optimization goal of the system operation cost minimization and the PP output power consumption maximization,the multi-objective optimization scheduling model is established.Finally,the simulation results show that introducing energy storage into the system can effectively reduce the system operation cost and improve the utilization efficiency of PP.

SU(3) Simple Group Model and New Z' Properties in Future Linear Colliders

In the SU（3） simple group model, the new neutral gauge boson Z＇ couples to pairs of SM fermions with couplings fixed in terms of the SM gauge couplings and depending only on the choice of the fermion embedding. In this paper, we calculate the contributions of this new particle to the processes e^＋e^-→l^＋l^-, bb^-, and cc^- and study the possibility of detecting this new particle via these processes in the future high-energy linear e^＋e^- collider（LC） experiments with √s= 500 GeV and ￡int= 340 fb^-1. We find that the new gauge boson Z＇ is most sensitive to the process e^＋e^-→b^＋b^-. As long as Mz,≤2 TeV , the absolute values of the relative correction parameter are larger than 5%. We calculate the forward-backward asymmetries and left-right asymmetries for the process e^＋e^-→c^＋c^-, with both the universal and anomaly-free fermion embeddings. Bounds on Z＇ masses are also estimated within 95% confidence level.

Study on mathematical model of steam coal blending

It is necessary to set up a new mathematical model of steam coal blending instead of the old model. Indexes such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, sulfur content and heating value in the new mathematical model have linear relation. The new mathematical model can also predict ash-fusion temperature precisely by considering coal ash ratio in steam coal blending, therefore it is possible to obtain linear relation of ash-fusion temperature between single coal and steam coal blending. The new mathematical model can improve precision of steam coal blending and perfect the old mathematical model of steam coal blending.

Modeling Relative Humidity Effects on Power Electronic Performance

Variations in the behavior of power supplies caused electrical behavior dependence with environmental conditions. by environmental conditions require accurate characterization of the This paper introduces models to help predict relative humidity （Rtt） and other environmental factors influence on sensitive circuitry in power electronic systems. The resistivity and permittivity of an insulator have been modeled using different water contents i.e. RH, such model also included the mechanical properties of the design. An application example of a high power density, high voltage DC-DC converter is used to verify the results.

The Role of Corporatism in Building a New Model of Major-Country Relationships

Building a new model of major-country relationships is an unprecedented undertaking requiring theoretical support. However, existing theories, whether Western or Chinese, find it hard to assume the task of providing the theoretical foundation for such a model. Corporatism, which has both Chinese and Western cultural elements, offers conditions for such an undertaking. Although China-U.S. relations have some unusual features, corporatism offers the prospect of directing them away from the ＂Thucydides trap＂ and avoiding the political tragedies of major powers. For China and the world, making corporatism or group cooperation the central idea in building the new model of major-country relations will be a big step forward for the model and for international relations.

China and the United States Should Build A New Type of Major Powers Relations——A Study on China’s U.S. Policy Thinking since the New Century

Since the reform and opening-up to the outside world, China has formed a series of guidelines and policies towards the United States, which are the theoretical foundation of China’s U.S. policy thinking in the New Century. Entering the new century, the international situation has undergone profound and complicated changes, the national strength gap between China and the United States has narrowed, their common interests have expanded, differences and contradictions have increased. Therefore, China stands for both countries to adhere to the direction of developing cooperative partnership, respect each other, abide by the promises, seek equal and mutual benefits and win-win cooperation, and mutually respect each others core interests. The future development of China-U.S. relations still face many challenges and China’s U.S. policy thinking needs to keep abreast with the times.

新质战斗力背景下大模型赋能国防科技创新路径预测研究

[目的/意义]国防科技创新助力新质战斗力发展已成为我国战略需求,有效预测国防科技创新路径对于切实提高国防科技创新能力、打造我国新质战斗力具有重要意义。[方法/过程]针对国防科技创新突变性、不确定性与高风险性特征,文章根据国防科技创新路径预测核心要素,构建大模型赋能国防科技创新路径预测逻辑框架,利用军事需求识别、军工企业关键技术预测与创新政策挖掘子模型,对国防科技创新路径预测进行理论分析。[结果/结论]研究发现,大模型能够有效预测国防科技的发展趋势和关键技术突破点,为国防科技创新决策提供科学依据,切实推动新质生产力与新质战斗力深度融合。

Geometric Design of Anode-Supported Micro-Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells by Multiphysics Simulations

High volumetric power density （VPD） is the basis for the commercial success of micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells （mtSOFCs）. To find maximal VPD （MVPD） for anode-supported mtSOFC （as-mtSOFC）, the effects of geometric parameters on VPD are analyzed and the anode thickness, tan, and the cathode length, lea, are identified as the key design parameters. Thermo-fluid electrochemical models were built to examine the dependence of the electrical output on the cell parameters. The multiphysics model is validated by reproducing the experimental I-V curves with no adjustable parameters. The optimal lea and the corresponding MVPDs are then determined by the multiphysics model for 20 combinations of rin, the inner tube radius, and tan. And all these optimization are made at 1073.15 K. The results show that： （i） significant performance improvement may be achieved by geometry optimization, （ii） the seemingly high MVPD of 11 and 14 W/cm^3 can be easily realized for as-mtSOFC with single- and double-terminal anode current collection, respectively. Moreover, the variation of the area specific power density with/cac（2 mm, 40 mm） is determined for three representative （tin, tan） combinations. Besides, it is demonstrated that the current output of mtSOFC with proper geometric parameters is comparable to that of planar SOFC.

新型电力系统中的大模型驱动技术:现状、机遇与挑战

建设新型电力系统是实现社会、经济高质量发展的重要基石,以新一代通用人工智能为主导的信息化技术与能源电力科学深度耦合,为新型电力系统的数字化转型工作提供了重要保障。为了探究电力系统在大模型时代潮流下的发展方向,该文首先系统梳理了当前电力系统的数智化发展现状以及在新的场景需求下遇到的难点问题。然后重点探讨了以多模态大模型为代表的具备深度场景解析和语言描述能力的大模型技术在电力系统中的应用前景,并分析了其在几个典型场景下的相关应用成果,证明大模型技术可行性的同时,进一步总结了大模型技术在相关电力场景所面临的机遇与挑战性问题。最后对未来大模型技术如何与电力系统实现紧密融合做了展望与建议。该研究成果有望为新型电力系统数字化转型过程中的数智化发展提供参考,助力能源电力领域提质增效。

面向高比例新能源电网短路计算的机电-电磁融合电源模型

为解决新型电力系统计算与分析中传统电源模型难以继续适用的问题,提出一种面向高比例新能源电网短路计算的机电-电磁融合电源模型。一方面,考虑新能源电源通用控制策略作用下的外部输出特性,采用单一压控电流源等效电源侧海量新能源电源的整体输出;另一方面,根据短路电流故障的时间划分尺度,保留传统发电机工频基波意义下的外部输出特性,并采用3个大小不一且衰减速度不同的电压源等效电源侧所有发电机的整体输出。进而采用3个电压源和1个压控电流源并联的形式作为融合电源模型的结构,并采用内点法对融合电源模型参数进行在线辨识。通过短路仿真数据和电网实测故障录波数据验证了融合电源模型的适用性。

基于大语言模型的新型电力系统用户特性立体应用模式初探

随着新型负荷的广泛接入与虚拟电厂建设的不断推进,新型电力系统中多元的负荷结构与频繁的网荷交互使得用户特性应用在数据融合、特性挖掘和业务赋能面临关键挑战。因此,该文首先深入分析了用户特性的研究现状,以此为基础提出了新型电力系统用户特性立体应用模式,贯通了“多源数据-多维特性-多元模块-多样业务”的应用链路。然后,针对该模式实践中海量多源数据可用性差、特性刻画灵活性低、业务贯通复杂性高的核心技术难题,立足于近期大语言模型备受关注的显著能力与智能体应用范式,分别在自适应数据治理、对话式数据交互、自动数据分析与机器学习、多智能体应用系统架构方面提出了解决方案。进一步,更通过用电数据库交互与业扩报装接入优化的案例表明所提方案能够自动化、智能化、个性化地开展用户特性应用,有望在实际中应对用户侧业务面临的关键挑战。最后,对大语言模型赋能用户侧海量资源管控以及系统智能水平跃升进行了展望。

新业态从业者劳动权益保障的困境与出路

新业态从业者不同于传统劳动者,其在所处行业、组织方式、用工方式、计酬方式等方面表现出“新”的独特性的同时,该类人员劳动权益无法得到有效保障的现状也对传统劳动关系理论提出了新的挑战。通过对新业态从业者劳动权益保护现状进行研究,从现行保险制度、传统劳动关系的认定标准、诉讼与仲裁的衔接、劳动者维权力量等方面分析保障不足的内在原因,进而从加强保险制度的建设、更新劳动关系认定标准、增强维权力量、协同治理等方面提出完善劳动者权益保障的建议,以规范新型用工关系,促进劳动力市场有序发展,推动数字经济时代和谐劳动关系的构建。

面向区块链技术应用的能源交易系统效果评价

随着我国能源体系的转型发展与新型电力系统的建设,以清洁能源为主的分布式能源成为重要供能方式。传统能源市场交易方式单一,大多采用集中化的运营管理方式,无法解决分散式能源系统的交易需求。区块链技术作为新兴技术手段,其去中心化、不可篡改等技术特点与分布式能源系统相契合,能够解决新型能源交易现存的一些问题。基于此,提出一种基于区块链技术的新型能源交易流程,给出智慧能源一体化、智慧能源托管、区域共享能源3种商业模式,并将能源交易服务业务划分为运维管理服务、系统改造服务以及市场交易服务,构建区块链能源交易系统效果评价指标体系。应用层次分析-模糊综合评价方法进行评价,通过算例仿真分析,证明基于区块链技术的能源交易系统效果评价指标体系的有效性。

人工智能技术在发电厂智能化建设中的应用与挑战

随着人工智能技术进步与可再生能源的兴起,新型电力系统正逐渐转向更加智能化、更加安全可控与灵活高效,发电厂智能化成为能源行业发展的必然趋势。为此,分析人工智能的常用方法及其技术特点,围绕发电厂智能化的技术架构展开论述,探讨人工智能技术在新能源场站出力预测、机组运行控制、辅助值班监盘、设备故障诊断与趋势预测等具体应用场景,并进一步分析大模型技术在发电厂智能化建设中的应用趋势。最后总结发电厂智能化在算法、数据与应用层面的技术挑战与展望,为发电厂智能化建设与研究提供参考。