Noise cancellation of a multi-reference full-wave magnetic resonance sounding signal based on a modified sigmoid variable step size least mean square algorithm

Nano-volt magnetic resonance sounding(MRS) signals are sufficiently weak so that during the actual measurement, they are affected by environmental electromagnetic noise, leading to inaccuracy of the extracted characteristic parameters and hindering effective inverse interpretation. Considering the complexity and non-homogeneous spatial distribution of environmental noise and based on the theory of adaptive noise cancellation, a model system for noise cancellation using multi-reference coils was constructed to receive MRS signals. The feasibility of this system with theoretical calculation and experiments was analyzed and a modified sigmoid variable step size least mean square(SVSLMS) algorithm for noise cancellation was presented. The simulation results show that, the multi-reference coil method performs better than the single one on both signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) improvement and signal waveform optimization after filtering, under the condition of different noise correlations in the reference coils and primary detecting coils and different SNRs. In particular, when the noise correlation is poor and the SNR<0, the SNR can be improved by more than 8 dB after filtering with multi-reference coils. And the average fitting errors for initial amplitude and relaxation time are within 5%. Compared with the normalized least mean square(NLMS) algorithm and multichannel Wiener filter and processing field test data, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.

Novel LMS adaptive filtering algorithm with variable step size

By analyzing algorithms available for variable step size least mean square(LMS)adaptive filter,a new modified LMS adaptive filtering algorithm with variable step size is proposed,along with performance analysis based on different parameters.Compared with the existing algorithms through the simulation,the proposed algorithm has faster convergence speed and smaller steady state error.

Active micro-vibration control based on improved variable step size LMS algorithm

The contradiction of variable step size least mean square(LMS)algorithm between fast convergence speed and small steady-state error has always existed.So,a new algorithm based on the combination of logarithmic and symbolic function and step size factor is proposed.It establishes a new updating method of step factor that is related to step factor and error signal.This work makes an analysis from 3 aspects:theoretical analysis,theoretical verification and specific experiments.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other variable step size algorithms in convergence speed and steady-state error.

Study of Variable Step Size LMS Adaptive Algorithm Based on Variable Region

This paper puts forward a new variable step size LMS adaptive algorithm based on variable region. The step size p（k） in the algorithm varies with the variation of the region of deviation e （k） to ensure the optimization of the three performance objectives including initial convergent speed, trace ability of the time-varying system and steady disregulation. The paper demonstrates the convergence of the algorithm accompanied by random noise,

Joint receiving mechanism based on blind equalization with variable step size for M-QAM modulation

The problem of inter symbol interference（ ISI） in wireless communication systems caused by multipath propagation when using high order modulation like M-Q AMis solved. Since the wireless receiver doesn＇t require a training sequence,a blind equalization channel is implemented in the receiver to increase the throughput of the system. To improve the performances of both the blind equalizer and the system,a joint receiving mechanismincluding variable step size（ VSS） modified constant modulus algorithms（ MC-MA） and modified decision directed modulus algorithms（ MD DMA） is proposed to ameliorate the convergence speed and mean square error（ MSE） performance and combat the phase error when using high order QAM modulation. The VSS scheme is based on the selection of step size according to the distance between the output of the equalizer and the desired output in the constellation plane. Analysis and simulations showthat the performance of the proposed VSS-MCMA-MD DMA mechanismis better than that of algorithms with a fixed step size. In addition,the MCMA-MDDMA with VSS can performthe phase recovery by itself.

Finite-difference modeling with variable grid-size and adaptive time-step in porous media

Forward modeling of elastic wave propagation in porous media has great importance for understanding and interpreting the influences of rock properties on characteristics of seismic wavefield. However,the finite-difference forward-modeling method is usually implemented with global spatial grid-size and time-step; it consumes large amounts of computational cost when small-scaled oil/gas-bearing structures or large velocity-contrast exist underground. To overcome this handicap,combined with variable grid-size and time-step,this paper developed a staggered-grid finite-difference scheme for elastic wave modeling in porous media. Variable finite-difference coefficients and wavefield interpolation were used to realize the transition of wave propagation between regions of different grid-size. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm were shown by numerical examples. The proposed method is advanced with low computational cost in elastic wave simulation for heterogeneous oil/gas reservoirs.

New normalized LMS adaptive filter with a variable regularization factor

A new normalized least mean square(NLMS) adaptive filter is first derived from a cost function, which incorporates the conventional one of the NLMS with a minimum-disturbance(MD)constraint. A variable regularization factor(RF) is then employed to control the contribution made by the MD constraint in the cost function. Analysis results show that the RF can be taken as a combination of the step size and regularization parameter in the conventional NLMS. This implies that these parameters can be jointly controlled by simply tuning the RF as the proposed algorithm does. It also demonstrates that the RF can accelerate the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm and its optimal value can be obtained by minimizing the squared noise-free posteriori error. A method for automatically determining the value of the RF is also presented, which is free of any prior knowledge of the noise. While simulation results verify the analytical ones, it is also illustrated that the performance of the proposed algorithm is superior to the state-of-art ones in both the steady-state misalignment and the convergence rate. A novel algorithm is proposed to solve some problems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Design of digital calibration based on variable step size of sub-binary SAR ADC

Addressing the impact of capacitor mismatch on the conversion accuracy of successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter(SAR ADC),a 12-bit 1 MS/s sub-binary SAR ADC designed using variable step size digital calibration was proposed.The least mean square(LMS)calibration algorithm was employed with a ramp signal used as the calibration input.Weight errors,extracted under injected disturbances,underwent iterative training to optimize weight values.To address the trade-off between conversion accuracy and speed caused by a fixed step size,a novel variable step size algorithm tailored for SAR ADC calibration was proposed.The core circuit and layout of the SAR ADC were implemented using the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company(TSMC)0.35μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)commercial process.Simulation of the SAR ADC calibration algorithm was conducted using Simulink,demonstrating quick convergence and meeting conversion accuracy requirements compared to fixed step size simulation.The results indicated that the convergence speed of the LMS digital calibration algorithm with variable step size was approximately eight times faster than that with a fixed step size,also yielding a lower mean square error(MSE).After calibration,the simulation results for the SAR ADC exhibited an effective number of bit(ENOB)of 11.79 bit and a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio(SNDR)of 72.72 dB,signifying a notable enhancement in the SAR ADC performance.

基于RRT^(*)-DR算法的机械臂避障路径规划

为使机械臂在障碍物环境下快速规划较优路径,提出了一种基于动态区域采样的改进RRT^(*)-DR路径规划算法,将整个规划过程分为快速探索路径和优化初始路径两个步骤。首先利用半目标导向扩展快速探索,找到连接起始点和目标点的路径。随后利用动态区域采样方法,始终在当前最优路径的周边范围内采样,优先密化当前最优路径附近的节点树,节省计算资源,使初始路径经过迭代快速向渐进最优路径收敛。同时,提出一种近障碍节点变步长机制,有选择性地缩短靠近障碍节点的扩展步长,可有效减少碰撞检测失败次数,提高算法效率。最后,在MATLAB和ROS系统下进行路径规划算法仿真,结果表明RRT^(*)-DR算法可在更短时间内实现路径规划,同时有效缩小路径代价。进一步通过实体机器人路径规划避障实验,验证了该算法的实用性和有效性。

基于动态模态分解-自适应变步长油浸式电力变压器绕组瞬态温升快速计算方法

为了改善当前油浸式电力变压器绕组瞬态温升计算过慢的问题,该文结合动态模态分解法和自适应变步长法提出了一种动态模态分解(DMD)-自适应变步长(ATS)快速计算方法。首先,该方法引入了动态模态分解算法,利用动态系统中前若干时步提取得到的变化特征,近似拟合其后一段时间内的系统变化,并通过选取主模态降低计算时间。其次,为了提高DMD算法性能,进一步提出结合ATS方法,通过自适应调整计算步长,提高瞬态计算效率;为了验证算法的计算精度和效率,建立了八分区分匝绕组数值传热模型并在此基础上将该文所提算法与仿真软件Fluent的计算结果进行对比,结果表明,在计算精度方面,二者结果几乎一致,计算误差最大不超过0.3 K;对于计算效率,该文算法的总计算时间为5.99 s,仅为Fluent总计算时间的1/89,且算法时间步数仅为Fluent的4.7%。最后,为了验证DMD-ATS算法的工程实用性,基于产品级油浸式电力变压器绕组结构搭建温升实验平台,并将所提算法计算结果与实验结果进行对比,结果表明所提算法在各测量线饼的误差均处在可接受的范围内,最大误差仅为4.57 K,且包含预处理时间在内的计算时间仅为69.14 s,计算时步仅需17步,较当前主流的计算方法效率有明显提高。综合算法的精度和效率,充分说明所提算法具有一定工程价值。

基于功率预测的自适应变步长MPPT算法研究

最大功率点跟踪技术(Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT)是光伏发电系统中关键技术研究的热点之一。针对传统扰动观察法跟踪速度和精度无法兼顾的问题,文中提出了一种以功率变化量为步长控制量的自适应变步长扰动观察法,通过判断功率变化趋势,对远离最大功率点,采用大步长逼近;靠近最大功率点,采用小步长逼近。建立太阳能光伏电池数学模型得到其输出特性曲线,再利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建基于Boost电路的MPPT仿真模型,最后经仿真验证了所提出算法的稳定性、快速性和准确性,它比传统算法具有更好的MPPT暂态性能。

基于POD-αATS的油浸变压器瞬态温升降阶自适应变步长计算方法

针对油浸式电力变压器瞬态温升计算效率过低的问题,该文提出本征正交分解-αATS(proper orthogonal decomposition-adaptive time stepping based onαfactor,POD-αATS)降阶自适应变步长瞬态计算方法。首先,推导变压器绕组瞬态温升计算的有限元离散方程;其次,采用POD降阶算法改善传统瞬态计算中存在的条件数过大及方程阶数过高的问题;同时对于瞬态计算中的时间步长选择问题,提出适用于非线性问题的αATS变步长策略;然后,为验证方法的有效性,基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器绕组的基本结构建立二维八分区数值计算模型,同时将计算结果与基于110 kV绕组的温升实验结果进行对比。数值计算及实验结果表明,所提算法与全阶定步长算法在流场和温度场中的精度几乎相同,且流场计算效率提升约45倍,温度场计算效率提升约38倍,计算速度得到显著提高。这一点在温升实验中同样得到验证,说明该文所提算法的准确性、高效性及一定的工程实用性。

脉冲噪声下AUV水声通信盲均衡算法模拟仿真

针对存在琢稳定分布噪声的水声信道中传统常数模盲均衡算法(constant modulus algorithm,CMA)无法稳定收敛的问题,提出一种基于模拟退火粒子群算法优化的变步长分数低阶盲均衡算法(SAPSO-VSS-FLOSCMA),该算法将FLOSCMA的代价函数作为SAPSO算法的适应度函数,利用SAPSO算法搜索全局最优解代替盲均衡器的初始权向量,降低了FLOSCMA算法的稳态误差,并采用双曲正切函数调节FLOSCMA算法的步长因子加快算法的收敛速度。水声信道仿真结果表明,与CMA和FLOSCMA算法相比,SAPSO-VSS-FLOSCMA算法在收敛速度和稳态误差方面均得到提高,且误码率更低。

基于模糊逻辑的光伏系统变步长P&O MPPT算法

为解决光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)关键难题,提出一种改进的扰动观察(P&O)最大功率点跟踪算法,该算法使用基于模糊逻辑的可变步长扰动观测MPPT算法(FP&O)来克服与传统P&O MPPT跟踪方法相关的无法兼顾跟踪速度和稳态精度的限制,从而改善瞬态响应并降低稳态端电压振荡。所提出的MPPT算法通过MATLAB仿真验证其有效性和可行性。仿真结果表明,基于模糊逻辑的变步长P&O MPPT算法相比传统MPPT算法兼顾了跟踪速度和稳态精度,系统响应速度更快,平均输出功率更高且功率振荡范围更小,改善了光伏系统的动、静态工作性能。

柔性机械爪力控的变步长自适应滤波算法

机械爪工作中,由于电源和机械震动会导致电流有波动,将测得的电流数据通过滤波,减少电流的波动,从而让力控的准确度更高。传统的自适应算法无法满足在快速收敛的同时,实现较高鲁棒性和较小稳态误差的要求。针对上述问题,文中提出一种新的自适应滤波算法。首先,建立基于双曲正切函数的变步长模型,实现更新步长因子的动态变值,其次,将滤波器权向量差及可变因子引入更新权值迭代算法中,以达到快速收敛和减少稳态误差的目的。通过实验证明,文中算法实现了快速收敛,并具有较小的稳态误差,提高了系统的鲁棒性。

基于sigmoid-sinh分段函数的变步长FxLMS算法

为改善滤波-x最小均方(filtered-x least mean square,FxLMS)算法在噪声主动控制时无法兼顾收敛速度和稳态误差的问题,提出了基于sigmoid-sinh分段函数的FxLMS(SSFxLMS)算法,并引入蚁狮算法对SFxLMS(sigmoid filtered-x least mean square)、ShFxLMS(sinh filtered-x least mean square)、SSFxLMS算法的参数进行优化。分别采用高斯白噪声和实测簇绒地毯织机噪声为输入信号,采用FxLMS、SFxLMS、ShFxLMS、SSFxLMS算法进行噪声主动控制仿真,对比分析这4种算法的性能。结果表明:与其他3种算法相比,采用SSFxLMS算法对高斯白噪声和簇绒地毯织机噪声进行控制时,误差信号的平均绝对值更小,平均降噪量与收敛速度也有大幅度提升。由此可知,SSFxLMS算法有效改善了FxLMS算法无法兼顾收敛速度和稳态误差的问题,研究结果为噪声主动控制算法设计提供了一定的参考。

基于改进SVT的电力负荷数据恢复算法

针对传统奇异值阈值(Singular Value Thresholding,SVT)数据恢复算法在对电力负荷数据恢复中忽视数据先验信息以及大规模数据计算效率低等问题,提出一种基于相空间重构与自适应变步长的改进SVT的数据恢复算法.为解决传统SVT容易忽视数据先验信息的问题,引入相空间重构算法将原始缺失数据映射到高维空间,利用数据间的关联性和结构特征,为后续数据恢复算法提供先验知识;结合对数与Sigmoid函数构建变步长基础函数,并利用等比项提高前期步长,构建自适应变步长SVT算法,克服传统SVT在大规模数据情况下计算效率低的问题.结合多项公用电力负荷数据集及多种常用电力负荷数据恢复算法进行对比实验分析,结果表明,改进SVT算法可获得更好的数据恢复效果,收敛速度、精度以及稳定性得到提升,具有较强的工程实用性.

基于改进狼群算法的无人机协同任务规划

多无人机在现代化作战中的运用日渐增多,无人机任务规划在无人机智能作战中至关重要。针对子系统能力约束下的无人机任务分配问题,提出一种Levy Flight(LF)优化下基于拍卖机制的混沌反向学习狼群优化算法CRL-AMIWPA。首先,定义无人机能力矩阵和任务场景,对无人机异构性、任务执行能力、执行任务能力最低需求建立同一矩阵描述,根据距离油耗和最迟任务完成时间的加权和建立目标函数,建立子系统约束下的任务分配模型;然后,设计狼群个体编码,每个编码方案包含一种任务分配策略,针对未达到任务需求最低能力的解,采用基于合同网的拍卖策略予以修正。另外,在狼群初始化阶段,采用Tent混沌算子和反向学习策略,将狼群个体均匀地分布在解空间中,以提高初始种群的多样性,最后,利用LF策略优化寻优过程,提高跳出局部最优解的能力。仿真实验结果表明,所提算法能有效解决在子系统约束场景下无人机任务分配问题,相比其他群智能算法和狼群算法,具有更优的寻优性和收敛速度。

一种改进变步长电导增量法的MPPT跟踪策略

电导增量法是确保光伏发电系统能够以最佳效率将太阳能转化为电能的一种控制技术。为提升传统变步长电导增量法的环境适应性,改善光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪性能,本文提出一种改进的变步长电导增量法。先对电压、电流差值进行实时修正避免误判,再引入与电流相关的系数和与功率相关的系数分别对最大功率点两侧的步长变化量进行修正,优化电导增量法步长变化量,进而达到快速并准确地进行最大功率点跟踪的作用。利用上述方法进行仿真实验发现,在外界环境变化时,与传统的自适应变步长电导增量法相比,本文方法的稳态振荡范围只有传统方法的一半左右,达到稳态需要的时间也只有传统方法的60%,改进后的电导增量法有效地降低了重新跟踪最大功率点过程中由步长变化带来的功率损耗。

基于改进谱线增强的光电编码器γ辐射噪声滤波算法研究

针对核辐射环境下光电编码器因受γ辐射总剂量效应影响而导致输出信号质量劣化的问题,提出了一种兼顾精度和效率的改进谱线增强算法(Improved Adaptive Line Enhancer Method,IALEM)。该算法引入Softsign函数建立误差与步长之间的非线性关系,通过在步长更新公式中引入前一时刻步长值,达到收敛速度快且稳态误差小的目的。分别在算法收敛速度、稳态误差、低信噪比输入、计算量4个方面与同类算法进行比较。结果表明,该算法在拥有较低计算量的同时,其收敛速度更快、稳态误差更小,并且对于低信噪比信号具有更好的滤波效果。最后,在光电编码器上对本文所提算法进行了现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)硬件实现;并在60Co γ辐射环境中对算法的滤波效果进行了实验测试。实验结果表明:所提出的算法可有效滤除光电编码器因γ辐射产生的噪声,提高光电编码器输出信号的质量。