Human Cyber Physical Systems(HCPSs)in the Context of New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing

An intelligent manufacturing system is a composite intelligent system comprising humans,cyber systems,and physical systems with the aim of achieving specific manufacturing goals at an optimized level.This kind of intelligent system is called a human-cyber-physical system(HCPS).In terms of technology,HCPSs can both reveal technological principles and form the technological architecture for intelligent manufacturing.It can be concluded that the essence of intelligent manufacturing is to design,construct,and apply HCPSs in various cases and at different levels.With advances in information technology,intelligent manufacturing has passed through the stages of digital manufacturing and digital-networked manufacturing,and is evolving toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing(NGIM).NGIM is characterized by the in-depth integration of new-generation artificial intelligence(AI)technology(i.e.,enabling technology)with advanced manufacturing technology(i.e.,root technology);it is the core driving force of the new industrial revolution.In this study,the evolutionary footprint of intelligent manufacturing is reviewed from the perspective of HCPSs,and the implications,characteristics,technical frame,and key technologies of HCPSs for NGIM are then discussed in depth.Finally,an outlook of the major challenges of HCPSs for NGIM is proposed.

Toward New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing

Intelligent manufacturing is a general concept that is under continuous development. It can be categorized into three basic paradigms： digital manufacturing, digital-networked manufacturing, and newgeneration intelligent manufacturing. New-generation intelligent manufacturing represents an indepth integration of new-generation artificial intelligence （AI） technology and advanced manufacturing technology. It runs through every link in the full life-cycle of design, production, product, and service. The concept also relates to the optimization and integration of corresponding systems; the continuous improvement of enterprises＇ product quality, performance, and service levels; and reduction in resources consumption. New-generation intelligent manufacturing acts as the core driving force of the new indus- trial revolution and will continue to he the main pathway for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in the decades to come. Human-cyher-physical systems （HCPSs） reveal the tech- nological mechanisms of new-generation intelligent manufacturing and can effectively guide related the- oretical research and engineering practice. Given the sequential development, cross interaction, and iterative upgrading characteristics of the three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing, a technol- ogy roadmap for ＂parallel promotion and integrated development＂ should he developed in order to drive forward the intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry in China.

Connotation and Characteristics of Employment Ability of New-generation Migrant Workers in China

Based on China's special conditions and characteristics of specific group of new-generation migrant workers,this article researches connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China,that is,the connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China should include four aspects:professional knowledge and skills,learning capacity,adaptability and environmental force.On this basis,through the analysis of indicators concerning connotation of employment ability,we get the overall characteristics of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China and reason responsible for its serious weakness.Finally we put forward corresponding countermeasures as follows:impart professional knowledge and skills;promote learning capacity;foster adaptive capacity;improve employment environment.

New-generation Migrant Workers' Urban Adaptation: A Case Study of Jianggan District in Hangzhou City

New-generation migrant workers are the " elite" among migrant workers,and whether they can really adapt to the city is one of the real problems to be urgently solved during China's new urbanization,related to the success of new urbanization construction. From the perspective of livelihood capital,this paper uses the measuring indicators in line with the new-generation migrant workers' livelihood characteristics,to analyze the typical characteristics and causes of new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation in Jianggan District of Hangzhou City based on field survey data. In the study,it is found that the new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation characteristics are focused on life adaptation,work adaptation and cultural adaptation,but the adaptation in the three areas is not good and there is a big room for improvement.

Pervasive Services in New-generation Internet:Mechanisms and Key Technologies

The original infrastructure of the Internet can no longer meet personalized and diversified demands of current increasing network subscribers. It has exposed many defects and shortcomings. For examples, the mechanism of using ports to distinguish services is inflexible and dangerous with the emergence of various services; the current Internet architecture does not make use of the close relationship between network resources and services, but simultaneously maintains two processing systems for the resources and services respectively, wasting both subscribers’ time and network resources; the Internet class of services granularity is not fine enough, failing to meet personalized and diversified user demands. In order to solve these problems, this paper discusses the mechanisms and key technologies for pervasive services in the new-generation Internet. The paper focuses on the definition, classification and identifier design of personalized and diversified user services. The service identifier design fulfills the unified identifier and processing of various network services, discovers the close relationship between services and resources, and can offer personalized and diversified services according to users’ demands.

Theories and Key Technologies for New-generation Internet System

There exist serious problems in the trustworthiness (security, reliability, controllability and manageability) of the Internet. In order to solve these problems, a new-generation network architecture model, based on the research of the basic theories of new-generation Internet system, is proposed. The solution creates a switching routing model and theory for the new-generation Internet system, and defines the access identifier, generalized switching routing identifier and their mapping principles. It also establishes a pervasive service system architecture and theory, defines the service identifier, connection identifier and their mapping principles. This paper discusses key technologies for the new-generation Internet system, such as access control and management, trusted routing and Quality of Service (QoS), multi-streaming, and network monitoring and management.

Propulsion System of New-generation Small Rocket Passed First Test

Developed by the Academy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology (AALPT), the propulsion system for the new-generation light-lift liquid launch vehicle passed its first ground test firing on November 27, 2012 at the Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology. The event signifies that this is the only domestic static test-firing facility for rocket propulsion systems that can meet the development requirements for new-generation launch vehicles,

新一代运载火箭发射燃气动力学数值模拟

By using the mesh resolution control method based on the nozzle scale,a paralleled super numerical simulation and high-quality mesh model of the launch jet dynamics for new-generation launch vehicles was developed.Based upon this,a transient numerical simulation method,combining the pressure and velocity,tightly coupled algorithm and SST turbulence model,was used to complete the unsteady numerical simulation of the launch jet dynamics of the new-generation launch vehicles.The numerical simulation results of the launch jet dynamics,for the new-generation launch vehicles,demonstrated that despite the complex structure of the launch platform,the jet flows of the core stage and booster engines were generally smoothly channeled into the double deflecting trench through the launch platform’s diversion hole at the initial stage of ignition.After the lift off,the jet flows of the core stage and the booster engines began to affect and ablate the grillage-shaped beam and the adjoined surface of the launch platform adjacent to the booster engines.At a higher altitude after lift off,it could be seen for the new-generation launch vehicles the ablation range of high temperature and high-speed jet flows on the launch platform further expanded,which would have a severe ablation effect on the fuel filling tower near the booster engines and even all the support arms.The numerical simulation of launch jet dynamics also established that the jet flows embers at the bottom of the core stage rocket body continued to be affected for an extended period of time due to the large number of nozzles in the new-generation launch vehicles engine and the weak suction effect of the jet flows in the core-stage engines.

Upgrading Pathways of Intelligent Manufacturing in China:Transitioning across Technological Paradigms

Intelligent technologies are leading to the next wave of industrial revolution in manufacturing.In developed economies,firms are embracing these advanced technologies following a sequential upgrading strategy-from digital manufacturing to smart manufacturing(digital-networked),and then to newgeneration intelligent manufacturing paradigms.However,Chinese firms face a different scenario.On the one hand,they have diverse technological bases that vary from low-end electrified machinery to leading-edge digital-network technologies;thus,they may not follow an identical upgrading pathway.On the other hand,Chinese firms aim to rapidly catch up and transition from technology followers to probable frontrunners;thus,the turbulences in the transitioning phase may trigger a precious opportunity for leapfrogging,if Chinese manufacturers can swiftly acquire domain expertise through the adoption of intelligent manufacturing technologies.This study addresses the following question by conducting multiple case studies:Can Chinese firms upgrade intelligent manufacturing through different pathways than the sequential one followed in developed economies?The data sources include semistructured interviews and archival data.This study finds that Chinese manufacturing firms have a variety of pathways to transition across the three technological paradigms of intelligent manufacturing in nonconsecutive ways.This finding implies that Chinese firms may strategize their own upgrading pathways toward intelligent manufacturing according to their capabilities and industrial specifics;furthermore,this finding can be extended to other catching-up economies.This paper provides a strategic roadmap as an explanatory guide to manufacturing firms,policymakers,and investors.

Toward Intelligent Machine Tool

With the development of modern information technology-and particularly of the new generation of artificial intelligence(AI)technology-new opportunities are available for the development of the intelligent machine tool(IMT).Based on the three classical paradigms of intelligent manufacturing as defined by the Chinese Academy of Engineering,the concept,characteristics,and systemic structure of the IMT are presented in this paper.Three stages of machine tool evolution-from the manually operated machine tool(MOMT)to the IMT-are discussed,including the numerical control machine tool(NCMT),the smart machine tool(SMT),and the IMT.Furthermore,the four intelligent control principles of the IMT-namely,autonomous sensing and connection,autonomous learning and modeling,autonomous optimization and decision-making,and autonomous control and execution-are presented in detail.This paper then points out that the essential characteristic of the IMT is to acquire and accumulate knowledge through learning,and presents original key enabling technologies,including the instruction-domain-based analytical approach,theoretical and big-data-based hybrid modeling technology,and the double-code control method.Based on this research,an intelligent numerical control(INC)system and industrial prototypes of IMTs are developed.Three intelligent practices are conducted,demonstrating that the integration of the new generation of AI technology with advanced manufacturing technology is a feasible and convenient way to advance machine tools toward the IMT.

Initial orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites based on new code signals

For the two newly launched satellites(PRN number 27 and 28) of the future global BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS-3), there is no available broadcast ephemeris data and other initial orbit information, but the initial orbit is the fundamental of the comprehensive analysis of the satellites and their signals. Precise orbit determination(POD) also requires determination of a priori initial value with a certain precision in order to avoid problems such as filter divergence during POD. Compared with the Newton iteration method, which relies on the initial value, this study utilizes the Bancroft algorithm to directly solve the nonlinear equations with the advantage of numerical stability. The initial orbits of these two satellites are calculated based on new code signals, and their results are analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that, with the exception of very few epochs, when the new code signal is utilized, the median and robust variance factor of the observed residuals computed using pseudo-range observations and the solved initial orbits are less than 4 and 2 m, respectively. It also shows that this solution can be used for rapid initial orbit recovery after maneuvers of the new BeiDou satellites.

Intergenerational Comparative Study on Consumption of Migrant Workers in China

Based on China urban labor survey data of 2016, this paper investigates the differences in consumption level and structure between the new and previous generation rural migrant workers in China and identifies the determinants of migrant workers' consumption. According to descriptive analysis, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 26% more on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation. More specifically, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 33% more on clothing, food, housing and travel, and 10% more on healthcare on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation, while their per capita spending on education is only 73% that of their previous generation. Result of regression analysis shows that with other factors under control, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 14.9% more on clothing, food, housing and travel compared with their previous generation, and their per capita gross consumption is 10.9% higher than that of their previous generation. Consumption elasticity for clothing, food, housing and travel among the new-generation migrant workers' households and their overall consumption elasticity are both significantly higher than those of the previous generation migrant workers' households. Compared with their previous generation, the spending of the new-generation migrant workers' households on clothing, food, housing and travel represents a higher share of their overall consumption, and the share of their educational consumption is even lower.

The safety of radium-223 combined with new-generation hormonal agents in bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) might benefit from radium-223 (^(223)Ra) combined withnew-generation hormonal agents (NHAs) in terms of survival and quality of life (QoL). However, the safety of combination therapiesremains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to perform a network meta-analysis by reviewing the literature about the combination of^(223)Ra with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) or enzalutamide and to evaluate the safety of combination therapy in bonemCRPC patients. Ultimately, ten studies (2835 patients) were selected, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), fiveretrospective cohort studies, and one single-arm study. Overall, there was no difference in the incidence of fracture between the^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–2.34,P = 0.66), but the incidences in both the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01) and the ^(223)Ramonotherapy group (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.23–4.08, P < 0.01) were higher than that in the NHA monotherapy group. However, inthe meta-analysis involving only RCTs, there was no difference between the ^(223)Ra monotherapy group and the NHA monotherapygroup (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.22–5.95, P = 0.88), while the difference between the ^(223)Ra+NHA combination group and the NHAmonotherapy group remained significant (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 2.24–4.63, P < 0.01). Symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), SSE-freesurvival (SSE-FS), all grades of common adverse events (AEs), and ≥grade 3 AEs among all groups did not show any significantdifference. Our results indicate that the combination of ^(223)Ra with NHAs was well tolerated in bone mCRPC patients compared to ^(223)Ra monotherapy, even though the incidence of fracture was higher in patients who received ^(223)Ra than that among those whoreceived NHA monotherapy. More evidence is needed to explore the safety and efficiency of ^(223)Ra combination therapies.

Drug-Eluting Balloon versus New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis： An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background： Currently, drug-eluting balloon （DEB） appears to be an attractive alternative option for the treatment of in-stent restenosis （ISR）. Nevertheless, the clinical outcomes of DEB have seldom been compared to those of new-generation drug-eluting stent （DES）. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DEB compared to those of new-generation DES in the treatment of ISR. Methods： A comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to November 2, 2017 was performed to identify pertinent articles comparing DEB to new-generation DES for the treatment of ISR. In addition, conference proceedings for the scientific sessions of the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, European Society of Cardiology, Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics, and EuroPCR were also searched. The primary endpoint was target lesion revascularization （TLR） at the longest follow-up. Dichotomous variables were presented as risk ratios （RRs） with 95% confidence intervals （C/s）, while the overall RRs were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Results： Five randomized controlled trials （RCTs） and eight observational studies involving 2743 patients were included in the present meta-analysis. Overall, DEB was comparable to new-generation DES in terms ofTLR （RR = 1.24, 95% CI： 0.89-1.72, P = 0.21 ）, cardiac death （RR = 1.55, 95% CI： 0.89-2.71, P= 0.12）, major adverse cardiovascular event （RR = 1.21,95% CI： 0.98-1.48, P = 0.07）, myocardial infarction （RR = 1.12, 95% CI： 0.72-1.76, P = 0.62）, and stent thrombosis （RR = 0.95, 95% CI： 0.38-2.42, P associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality than new-generation DES （RR = 1.65, 95% CI： 1.09-2.50, P = true in the real-world observational studies （RR = 1.79, 95% CI： 1.12-2.88, P = 0.02）. In RCTs, however, no found between the two treatment strategies in the risk of all-cause mortality. 0.92）. However, DEB was 0.02）. This was especially significant difference was Conclusions： The current meta-analysis showed that DEB and new-generation DES had comparable safety and efficacy for the treatment of ISR in RCTs. However, treatment with DEB was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in the real-world nonrandomized studies.

Theoretical research progress in new-generation Internet architecture

Internet has become the most important information infrastructure supporting modern socio-economic development, social progress and technological Innovation. Invented 30 years ago, today Internet is facing increasingly severe technical challenges. This paper introduces the progress of the major international newgeneration Internet research plans; analyzes its basic characteristics and the principal contradictions during the development; detsiledly introduces the research carried out by 973 Project ＂Research of Future Internet Architecture＂ on the key scientific issues of new-generation Internet architecture and its latest research results; and looks to the future of the research-focus faced with the new situations of the basic research of new-generation Internet architecture as well as the new demands of innovative applications on Internet architecture.

Economic development level and urban settlement intentions of the new-generation migrants in China: direct or interaction effect?

Based on a theoretical framework,this paper uses a multilevel model to examine the factors that correlate with the settlement intentions of China’s new-generation migrants.The level of regional economic development exerts not only random effects,but also an interaction effect with social integration on urban settlement intentions.Economic factors,including household income and home ownership,have a significant positive correlation with settlement intentions,while social char-acteristics such as social integration and social identification also have a positive correlation with the settlement intentions of new-generation migrants.Moreover,family migration strategies,parental migration experiences,short migration dis-tances,and long migration durations enhance urban settlement intentions.The set-tlement intentions exhibit significant inter-group differences between the migrants born in the 1980s and in the 1990s.Differences in the effects of the determinants are observed between these group samples and the total sample.

Hydrocarbon accumulation model of the Cretaceous in southern China

The Cretaceous in southern China is mainly a set of red and mauve clastic rock,with evaporation layers. For lack of source rock,it has been paid little attention to in the exploration process. With the development of research on hydrocarbon exploration,the masses of Cretaceous reservoirs and shows have been found in recent years. This means that the Cretaceous has great exploration potential. According to the research,authors find that the high-quality reservoir and efficient cap rocks develop in the Cretaceous. At the same time,the Cretaceous and underlying Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic marine strata and overlying Cenozoic nonmarine strata constitute a superimposed basin. Moreover,high-quality source rocks developed in the above-mentioned two sets of strata. In the south,especially in the middle and lower Yangtze region since the Himalayan strong rift was associated with a large number of faults,These faults connect the Cretaceous reservoir and its overlying and underlying source rocks,forming the fault-based and unconformity-based discontinuous source-reservoir-cap accumulation assemblages. Because the Cretaceous has the abundant oil and gas from Paleogene source rocks or Mesozoic–Paleozoic source rocks with secondary hydrocarbon generation ability,three types of reservoirs develop in the Cretaceous:"new-generating and old-reservoiring" reservoirs,"old-generating andnew-reservoiring" reservoirs,and few "self-generating andself-reservoiring" reservoirs. The hydrocarbon enrichment depends on two key factors. Firstly,Cretaceous reservoirs are near to the source kitchens,so its oil and gas source is ample. Secondly,the fault system is well developed,which provides the necessary conducting systems for hydrocarbon accumulation.

Labour market performance of young migrant workers with heterogeneous educational trajectories in China

Successful global cities present a spectrum of development strategies but share the benefit of the reciprocal dynamics between tailored education systems and matching labour markets.This paper examines burgeoning cities in China and investigates the effects of the heterogeneous educational trajectories of young migrant workers in urban China on their labour market performance.Drawing on the National Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey,this paper finds striking wage variations among the young migrant population.Migrant workers who attended high schools in current receiving cities earned less than their counterparts who received senior-secondary education elsewhere.Students following the academic track were better off than students following the vocational track.To further explore what has prevented the urban labour market from rewarding migrants who studied in a receiving city,where the education system is expected to better cater to the city’s specific industrial needs,we tested and found evidence of the mediating effects of job industry and occupation.In addition to engaging with empirical debates in the field,this paper develops a theoretical framework to model how the qualitative attributes of an education system affect wage variations among migrant workers.