Connotation and Characteristics of Employment Ability of New-generation Migrant Workers in China

Based on China's special conditions and characteristics of specific group of new-generation migrant workers,this article researches connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China,that is,the connotation of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China should include four aspects:professional knowledge and skills,learning capacity,adaptability and environmental force.On this basis,through the analysis of indicators concerning connotation of employment ability,we get the overall characteristics of employment ability of new-generation migrant workers in China and reason responsible for its serious weakness.Finally we put forward corresponding countermeasures as follows:impart professional knowledge and skills;promote learning capacity;foster adaptive capacity;improve employment environment.

New-generation Migrant Workers' Urban Adaptation: A Case Study of Jianggan District in Hangzhou City

New-generation migrant workers are the " elite" among migrant workers,and whether they can really adapt to the city is one of the real problems to be urgently solved during China's new urbanization,related to the success of new urbanization construction. From the perspective of livelihood capital,this paper uses the measuring indicators in line with the new-generation migrant workers' livelihood characteristics,to analyze the typical characteristics and causes of new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation in Jianggan District of Hangzhou City based on field survey data. In the study,it is found that the new-generation migrant workers' urban adaptation characteristics are focused on life adaptation,work adaptation and cultural adaptation,but the adaptation in the three areas is not good and there is a big room for improvement.

On the Process of Peasant Workers' Transformation to Urban Residents

The unique two-stage "Chinese path" of China’s ru-ral-urban migration, which cannot be fully explained by classical theories of economic development, makes us to give peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents a top priority. On the basis of fully explaining peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents, a method for measuring its process has been advanced and then confirmed with the data of March in 2005 from surveys to peasant workers in Wuhan. Finally, the suggestions of acceler-ating peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents to pro-mote the construction of a harmonious society have been drawn from the analysis.

Approaches of Realizing Cultural Value of Red Revolutionary Site in Jiangxi Province:A Case Study of Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Xiushui County

Red revolutionary site is a significant carrier for inheriting and spreading red culture,a witness of revolutionary history and stones,and also the best place to show connotations and value of red culture.Taking the regiment headquarter and the division headquarter of the First Division of the First Army in Xiushui County,Jiangxi Province for example,this paper explored cultural value of red site,analyzed the existing problems,tried to figure out scientific approaches of realizing cultural value of red site,so as to promote the sharing and inheritance of cultural value of red revolutionary site.

Analysis of Peasant Workers＇ Citizenization and Social Integration in the Perspective of Social Concern

Migrant workers are the important driving force of the process of the urban modernization in our country. It is the main body ofmodern industrial workers in our country. The urbanization of migrant workers has become a major problem in the transformation of China＇ ssocial and economic structure, the core of the problem of the ＂agriculture, rural areas and farmers＂ and the focus of the community. Theacademic circles have done a lot of research on this issue. The equalization of basic public services is the right of every member of societyto share the fruits of social development. This right is the only way to realize the equalization of general public services. From the dynamicevolution, the equalization of basic public services is an indispensable process in the realization of fairness and the justice in society as a whole.Therefore, this paper proposes the novel idea on the issue that will later promote the development of the related theories and applications.

Analysis on the Factors Restricting the Entrepreneurship Quality Education for the Young Peasant Workers Back to Hometown in Yunnan Province and the Related Strategies

Entrepreneurship quality education is not only the standpoint and focus of entrepreneurship education, but also the key point in entrepreneurship education. In this paper, based on three aspects （the educated, the subjects implementing education, and external environment）, the main factors restricting the entrepreneurship quality education for the young peasant workers back to hometown in Yunnan province are analyzed, and also the governmental strategies of a clear purpose and a powerful applicability are further explored.

Intergenerational Comparative Study on Consumption of Migrant Workers in China

Based on China urban labor survey data of 2016, this paper investigates the differences in consumption level and structure between the new and previous generation rural migrant workers in China and identifies the determinants of migrant workers' consumption. According to descriptive analysis, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 26% more on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation. More specifically, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 33% more on clothing, food, housing and travel, and 10% more on healthcare on an annual per capita basis compared with their previous generation, while their per capita spending on education is only 73% that of their previous generation. Result of regression analysis shows that with other factors under control, the new-generation migrant workers' households spend 14.9% more on clothing, food, housing and travel compared with their previous generation, and their per capita gross consumption is 10.9% higher than that of their previous generation. Consumption elasticity for clothing, food, housing and travel among the new-generation migrant workers' households and their overall consumption elasticity are both significantly higher than those of the previous generation migrant workers' households. Compared with their previous generation, the spending of the new-generation migrant workers' households on clothing, food, housing and travel represents a higher share of their overall consumption, and the share of their educational consumption is even lower.

20世纪50—70年代诗歌中的干部书写

在20世纪50—70年代的诗歌中,干部成为一个常态化的书写对象。虽然其一般具有同质化的特征,但也根据题材、语境、视角的差异而分化出不同的意义形态。同时,部分带有逾越性的形象既丰富了干部的可能面向,也追问着干部形象在建构过程中存在的问题。在诗歌中,作为知识分子与工农兵关系的中介,干部形象呈现出聚合性、附加性与修辞性,这是其政治诗学路径的症结所在。

全面抗战时期工农干部的“知识分子化”述论

全面抗战时期,为了加强干部队伍建设以应对复杂的战争局势,中共中央明确提出要加强文化教育,使工农干部实现“知识分子化”。在这过程中,党既要克服工农干部的学习态度问题,又要解决师资缺乏这一现实难题,还面临着文化教育和政治理论教育孰先孰后的艰难选择。全面抗战时期工农干部的文化教育提高了工农干部文化水平和工作能力,纠正了大革命失败后党内逐渐形成的对知识、知识分子的错误认知,并为党开展干部教育积累了宝贵的经验。

列宁对群众鼓动工作问题的审思与求解

群众鼓动工作是激发群众阶级意识、凝聚群众政治意志的重要抓手。无论是在俄国革命时期还是社会主义建设时期,列宁都强调将群众鼓动工作作为社会民主党的重点工作紧抓、常抓、狠抓。而随着俄国革命形势的持续推进,列宁发现党的群众鼓动工作存在缺乏专业性和灵活性、缺乏深入性和广泛性、缺乏统筹性和组织性等问题。为进一步提高群众鼓动工作的质量和成效,列宁立足俄国实际,深刻剖析了群众鼓动工作问题的成因,并从制定明确的鼓动纲领、训练有经验的鼓动员、合理区分鼓动对象、依托各类组织载体、灵活转变方式方法等多个层面规划了行之有效的解决路径。深刻体悟列宁对群众鼓动工作问题的审思与求解,对于当下我国进一步提高社会动员的深度、广度、力度、精度,凝聚全国各族人民对于社会主义现代化强国建设的共识与行动具有重要的现实意义。

在关系化与类别化之间:鄂西武陵山区返乡农民工的创业实践及社会网络重构

本文通过对鄂西武陵山区农村的田野调查发现,熟人社会网络主要依靠传统儒家伦理来维持,呈现出关系化的社会网络状态,这种社会网络呈现单一和发展规模有限等特点。随着人口城乡流动剧增,特别是大批农民工进城以及返乡以后,原本相对单一的重构方式趋于多元化,并呈现着关系化和类别化等多重社会网络并置的状况。多重社会网络并置现象既是城乡流动的体现,也是不同人群基于生存选择而将乡土性和城市性编入日常生活实践的结果。其生成对于重新理解国家、社会和个人的关系,以及进一步理解中国社会转型过程中的差序格局及公私边界等问题有着重要启示意义。

中国不在村承包者的形成机理分析

当前,中国不在村承包者与中国历史上的大地主、发达国家的不在地主都存在显著不同,其因规模狭小而不会成为食利阶层、因提高了农地利用效率而得到肯定。利用独立调查数据对不在村承包者的形成进行实证分析发现,调研样本中的不在村承包者占比为6.7%。使用probit模型、cloglog模型、工具变量法等计量工具,验证了打工时间多、打工距离远能够显著提高其形成概率的假设,该结论具有稳健性,并主要在男性、老一代农民工和典型农村地区成立。因此,应促进城市化和市民化,打破地域界限,破除农民工长时间和长距离外出打工的各种约束和歧视,促进劳动力市场信息的高效传导,完善特别针对外出农民工的社会保障体系。

论列宁对党和国家权力监督体制的初步探索

列宁在《国家与革命》中提出,在第一个社会主义政权中实行最大限度的直接民主,以消亡原有国家机器的历史,以此彻底消灭政治领域以至经济领域中的腐败与剥削。十月革命后,巴黎公社式的直接民主政治无法展开,列宁迅速调整,希望尽可能地扩大工农民主,最大范围地实现群众对国家政权的直接监督。在党内,除了基于对党代表大会、党的纲领、党员民主权利的尊重而设立的制度和惯例之外,为了实现对唯一执政党自身的监督,党的中央监察委员会成为列宁主导建立的关键性的制衡监督机构。列宁的政治遗嘱对这一问题提出制度设计构想——既强化监察委员会在党内制衡监督和政治稳定的体制性作用,又要以党的监督机构为核心,彻底改组工农检查院,最终统一党和国家权力监督机构,科学地建设一个全面覆盖、强有力的党政权力监督联合体制。

毛简青革命功绩述评

毛简青是中国共产党早期的革命家、宣传教育家,一生奉献给了中国革命事业。他组建了广西第一个党支部——中共梧州市支部;建立平江工农义勇军,领导平江20万农军“三月扑城”。他为中华民族和中国人民解放事业做出的巨大贡献,他的牺牲奉献精神值得我们学习和永远铭记。他的革命功绩对实现中华民族伟大复兴贡献力量仍有学习借鉴的意义。

农民工艾滋病防治知识、行为及感染状况调查

目的了解外出农民工的艾滋病(AIDS)防治知识、行为和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染状况,为制定艾滋病防治措施提供科学依据。方法对2007年春节期间回家的外出务工人员进行艾滋病防治知识问卷调查,并采集血液检测HIV抗体。结果2006名农民工中,97.41%听说过艾滋病,对艾滋病的传播途径回答正确率29.21%,HIV/AIDS相关知识知晓率11.57%,不安全性行为中安全套使用率较低,检出HIV感染者1例,感染率为0.5‰。结论农民工对艾滋病防治知识的知晓仍处于较低水平。亟需对他们普及艾滋病防治知识,消除对艾滋病的恐惧和歧视,防止艾滋病向农村传播。

“民工潮”与“民工荒”——农民工劳动供给行为视角的经济学分析

当今中国农民工不再是一个高度同质的群体,而是已经在内部产生了分化。本文主要通过对第一代农民工和第二代农民工的特征及其劳动力供给的经济学分析,揭示世纪之交前后我国出现“民工潮”和“民工荒”的微观层面的原因,认为第二代农民工是最需要市民化也是最容易市民化的群体,但同时需要相应的制度创新和政策安排。

83家井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病现状调查及预防对策研究

为调查井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病防治现状并提出对策措施,采用分层整群抽样调查方法对4省(市)的83家井工煤矿进行调研,调查内容包括:职业卫生管理现状、职业健康监护与尘肺病诊断资料、X线胸片、农民工基本情况、职业卫生知识知晓情况、社会保险待遇等。调查结果显示:83家井工煤矿的职业病危害防治工作领导小组设置率和管理制度制定率均为100%,但制度内容和职业卫生培训缺乏针对性;粉尘危害防治费用平均为吨煤0.18元/月;采煤和掘进工作面的总尘浓度约为1.02~49.5 mg/m3;在岗检查时,农民工肺部异常的检出率高于正式工,在岗农民工疑似尘肺病检出率为7.94%,农民工尘肺病平均发病工龄14.47 a±6.79 a,平均发病年龄42.56岁±5.80岁,与正式工相比,农民工发病工龄短、发病年龄小。因此,建议政府从法规标准建设、探索职业健康责任险、加大监管力度等方面,企业从强化主体责任意识、源头治理及农民工职业卫生培训等方面,加强农民工尘肺病的防治工作。

中国城市农民工市民化研究--以上海为例

中国特有的户籍制度,使人口城市化呈不完全、非正规特征。以上海为例,主要从微观角度,考察中国城市化过程中农民工的市民化特征,评价其目前的市民化水平,分析影响其市民化转变的主要因素,从一个侧面探讨和揭示中国不完全、非正规城市化发展的独特性、阶段性与规律性。目前中国城市农民工总体上已达到54%的市民化水平,尤其是其社会关系、心理认同等非物质维度的市民化都已达到接近60%的较高水平。即使受户籍制度以及以此为基础的二元社会体制的屏障,中国城市化过程中农民工的市民化仍然取得较大进展。

珠江三角洲农民工身体健康与体育行为调查研究

运用文献资料调研、问卷调查、结构访谈以及体质测量等研究方法对珠江三角洲地区农民工的健康和体育参与状况以及影响因素进行研究。研究表明,珠三角农民工自测健康总体得分偏低,各年龄段的差异非常显著;珠三角农民工总体心理健康水平低于全国平均水平,体质状况不容乐观,尤其是心肺功能低于同龄农村人口;社会与环境、工作与生活、体育态度与能力等因子是影响珠三角农民工体育锻炼主要因素;珠三角农民工锻炼时间远低于城市居民的周锻炼时间,锻炼强度偏低,体育活动的选择集中在花费不高、运动技能简单、没有太多场地要求、易于实现的体育运动项目上;珠三角的工厂企业很少组织农民工开展体育活动,农民工自身进行体育竞赛组织能力很差;体育场地设施严重缺乏和农民工的基本健康知识、体育知识普遍缺失也是影响珠三角农民工参与体育锻炼的主要因素。

城市农民工参与全民健身的现状调查与分析

采用文献资料研究法、调查法、访谈法、数理统计法,对城市农民工参与全民健身的认知、动机、消费水平、行为与内容及影响因素进行调查与分析,认为城市农民工参与全民健身,是全面建设小康社会和全民健身计划第二期工程全面推进中所必须严肃面对、认真研究和着力解决的社会问题;城市农民工参与全民健身的基本策略就是要建立社会支持网络和完善的健身服务体系。