Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase and Carbapenamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Children in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections (UTI) have developed resistance to the commonly used antibiotics due to emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenamase producing Enterobactericeae which are a public health problem worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characterize ESBLs and carbapenamase producing Enterobactericeae. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi. 238 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary symptoms attending the outpatient department within the period 2020-2021. The urine were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using VITEK® 2 Compact system (BioMérieux). Double disc synergy test and modified hodge tests were done as confirmatory tests for ESBLs and Carbapenamase phenotypes respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for the detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 genes. Results: From the 238 children sampled the prevalence of UTI caused by Enterobactericeae was 22.3%. The Enterobacteriaceae species isolated were Escherichia coli (84.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.66%), Proteus mirabillis (5.66%), Enterobacter aerogenes (1.89%) and Morganella morganii (1.89%). The isolated species were resistant to ampicillin. Meropenem had the highest susceptibility. Only E. coli species had the ESBLs (26.4%) and carbapenamase (1.9%) phenotypes. 100% had BlaCTX-M while 50% had blaTEM resistant gene. There was a significant association (p Conclusion: Ampicillin resistance resulted to use of alternative drugs and Meropenem was the drug of choice where increased resistance to the recommended drugs was noted. Further research on resistant genes is recommended.

Detection of Chlamydia pneumonia DNA in nasopharyngolaryngeal swab samples from patients with rhinitis and pharyngolaryngitis with polymerase chain reaction

Objective To assess the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumomia DNA in patients with otolaryngic disease Methods PCR assay was used to detect Chlamydia pneumonia specific Pst Ⅰ 474 fragment DNA in swabs from patients with acute or subacute pharyngolaryngitis or rhinitis and sinusitis C pneumonia specific antibodies in sera were also assayed with microimmuno fluoresence (MIF) Results About 28% (49/175) of the patients were PCR positive and 25 7%(45/175) were MIF antibodies positive The accordance rate of the two methods was 91 8% Conclusion It is suggested that the C pneumonia infection was common in this group of patients and the C pneumonia Pst Ⅰ474 specific PCR was sensitive and specific for detecting C pneumonia in pharyngolaryngitis or rhinitis and sinusitis

Evaluation of patients with dry eye disease for conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum

AIM：To determine the possibility of the development of dry eye disease（DED） as a result of persistent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the conjunctiva of patients.METHODS： This study was conducted on 58 patients of age range 20-50 y,diagnosed with DED confirmed by Schirmer I test and tear breakup time.The non-dry eye control group included 27 subjects of the same age.Ocular specimens were collected as conjunctival scrapings and swabs divided into three groups： the first used for bacterial culture,the second and third taken to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum by direct fluorescent antibody（DFA） assay and polymerase chain reaction（PCR） method. RESULTS： Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 65.5% and 76% of DED patients by DFA and PCR methods respectively.Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in 44.8% of DED infected patients using the PCR method.Both organisms were identified in only 37.9% of DED patients found to be infected.Control subjects had a 22%detection rate of Chlamydia trachomatis by DFA assay versus a 7% detection rate by PCR; while Ureaplasma urealyticum was detected in 3.7% of the controls by PCR method.The conjunctival culture revealed that gram positive microorganisms represented 75% of isolates with coagulase negative Staphylococci the most common（50%） followed by Staphylococcus aureus（20%）,whereas gram negative microorganisms occurred in 25% of cases,isolating Moraxella spp.as the most frequent organism. CONCLUSION： Our results tend to point out that Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were detected in a moderate percentage of patients with DED,and could be a fair possibility for its development.PCR is more reliable in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis than DFA technique.The presence of isolated conjunctival bacterial microflora can be of some potential value.

Study of the prevalence and association of ocular chlamydial conjunctivitis in women with genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans attending outpatient clinic

AIMTo determine the association between chlamydial conjunctivitis and genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans, in addition to the possible relationship between cultured bacterial pathogens and oculogenital chlamydial infection.METHODSThis study was performed on 100 (50 symptomatic and 50 asymptomatic) women attending the Gynecological and Obstetric outpatient clinic of Alzahra hospital, Alazhar University. Simultaneously a conjunctival swab was taken from these patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done on DNA extracted from both vaginal and conjunctival swab samples. Culture for both vaginal and conjunctival swabs was also done.RESULTSCandida albicans was the predominant organism isolated by culture in 20% and 40% of conjunctival and vaginal swabs respectively. By the PCR method, ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was present in 60% of symptomatic women, while genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was present in 30% of symptomatic women. The results of this method also indicated that 25/50 (50%) vaginal swabs were positive with PCR for Candida albicans versus 15/50 (30%) were PCR positive in conjunctival swab. Mycoplasma genitalium was present in only 10% of vaginal swabs. Concomitant oculogenital PCR positive results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans were 30% and 28% respectively.CONCLUSIONOcular Chlamydia trachomatis was associated with genital Chlamydia trachomatis in a high percentage of women followed by Candida albicans. Cultured bacterial organisms do not play a role in enhancement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes among children in Eastern Turkey

AIM:To identify the virulence genotypes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)if present in children in Eastern Turkey and if those genotypes are mostly associated with severe clinical presentations.METHODS:A total of 49 H.pylori positive Turkish children(42 with antral nodularity and 7 with peptic ulcer)who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with abdominal symptoms during the period from March 2011 to September 2012 were enrolled in this study.Antral nodularity was diagnosed endoscopically by two of the authors.We determined for the presence of cagA,vacA,cagE,iceA and babA2 genotypes of H.pylori isolates in DNA obtained directly from frozen gastric biopsy samples by polymerase chain reaction test using specific primers.RESULTS:Of the 49 H.pylori isolates studied,61.2%,91.8%,22.4%,28.6%,57.1%and 40.8%were positive for the cagA,vacA s1,cagE,iceA1,iceA2 and babA2 genes,respectively.We showed that the most common vacA subtype was s1a(79.6%).However,the s2 gene was found less frequently with an isolation rate of 8.2%of the H.pylori isolates.The genotypes iceA2 and vacA s1m2 were the most frequently found types in children with antral nodularity.In addition,the genotypes iceA1,babA2 and vacA s1m1 were found in similar ratios in all the H.pylori isolates obtained from children with peptic ulcer.The genotypes vacA s2m1and s1c were not observed in any of isolates studied.CONCLUSION:This study showed that vacA s1m2,cagA and iceA2 were the most common genotypes,and no association between antral nodularity and genotypes was observed.

Detection of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>in dental plaque of mexican children by real-time PCR

Dental plaque in adult patients is well identified as a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori. This question still remains unclear in children. The aim of this study is to identify the presence of this bacterium in dental plaque of Mexican pediatric patients, using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Forty patients from 2 to 11 years without dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled. Samples were collected from the subgingival space of the lingual side of the lower molars and cultured in selective medium. Therefore, qPCR analysis was conducted. According to the results obtained in this study, it was found that 35% of the pediatric population who participated tested qPCR positive for the presence of H. pylori in dental plaque samples. No significant associations were detected among isolation rate by gender or age. We found that dental plaque may be a reservoir for H. pylori. However, more research is needed to establish the way of the infection of pediatric population.

Detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>in Egyptian Women Suffering from Infertility

Chlamydial and gonococcal infections are recognized as two of the major causes of sexually transmissible human bacterial infection which may lead to infertility. In this cross sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis among Egyptian women using different microbiological methods. One hundred and fifty cervical swabs were collected, of which 100 were from infertile women. Culture and ELISA technique were used for screening of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis individually. In addition, PCR was used for all examined samples. For C. trachomatis, 3 cases were positive for antigen detection by ELISA. Moreover, in obtained results of PCR, DNA was detected in 4 samples, and three of them from infertile group. So based on PCR results, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 75% and 100% respectively. Furthermore, 3 samples were positive for gonococcal infections by PCR, and two of them were taken from infertile women. Positive results of two samples were verified by culture. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of culture method were 66.7% and 100% respectively. Results of this study indicate that PCR is a valuable method for detection of gonococcal and chlamydial infection and it is suitable for the confirmation of ELISA results for C. trachomatis diagnosis. Culture method is less sensitive than PCR for detection of N. gonorrhoeae. The prevalence of such infections is higher among infertile women.

Relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and occurrence of bronchial asthma

Objective: To study the relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection and asthma exacerbation. Methods: A prospective study of C. pneumoniae infection was conducted in 75 patients with asthma and 63 patients with respiratory tract infection, and 100 blood donors served as controls. The presence of infection was convinced by the polymerase chain reaction and direct immunofluorescence assay for C. pneumoniae DNA from throat swab specimens and micro-immunofluorescence testing for C. pneu-moniae-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. Results: Prevalence of specific IgG in asthma patients (81. 3%) was higher than that of the blood donors (68. 0%, P<0. 05) and was not significantly different from respiratory tract infection patients (68. 0%, P>0. 05). The acute C. pneumoniae infection rate of symptomatic asthma patients (59. 4%) was markedly higher than that of respiratory tract infection patients (34. 9% , P<0. 05). The average titer of C. pneumoniae IgG instead of IgA in asthma patients (48. 38±6. 94) was significantly higher than respiratory tract infection patients (24. 70±8. 77, P<0. 05). Other pathogens were identified in 12 of 21 (57. 1%) asthma patients with C. pneumoniae. The symptoms of 7 asthma patients with C. pneumoniae infection were improved through antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: The findings suggest a possible role of C. pneumoniae infection in asthma.

Clinical Value of Molecular Biological Methods in Respiratory Tuberculosis in Children

The pattern of clinical forms of respiratory tuberculosis in children shows a preponderance of intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis （89.4%） that is characterized by a complicated process in every third child under present-day conditions. Positive result of PCR closely correlates with the severity and extent of the specific process in children. Real-time PCR （RT-PCR） was ascertain to exhibit the highest sensitivity in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in children with primary generalized tuberculosis （62.5%） and in those with a disseminated specific process （55.6%）, which was much higher than conventional bacteriological study of diagnostic materials. By taking into account the findings, the RT-PCR detection of M. tuberculosis was considered as a substantial criterion for evaluating the magnitude of specific changes and the degree of tuberculosis infection activity in children.

饮食习惯与肥胖患儿性早熟的相关性分析

目的探讨饮食习惯与肥胖患儿性早熟的相关性分析。方法选取苏州市吴中人民医院2019年3月至2022年3月期间收治的72例性早熟肥胖患儿作为观察组,另选取同期体检的健康肥胖儿童71例作为常规组。采用实时-逆转录荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测两组外周血miR-125b水平,分析患儿饮食习惯。通过比较两组肥胖儿童的外周血miR-125b、饮食习惯,采用Logistic回归分析法分析外周血miR-125b、饮食习惯与肥胖患儿性早熟的关系。结果观察组外周血miR-125b表达水平高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组饮食没规律、荤多素少、高添加剂食品占比均高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组女性患儿、不良饮食习惯占比高于常规组,且经多因素分析显示外周血miR-125b表达水平、女性、不良饮食习惯是肥胖患儿性早熟的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肥胖患儿性早熟外周血miR-125b表达水平高于健康肥胖儿童,不良饮食习惯高于健康肥胖儿童,外周血miR-125b表达水平偏高、不良饮食习惯偏低均为肥胖患儿性早熟的影响因素。

不孕妇女宫颈沙眼衣原体感染的临床观察

目的 :探讨宫颈沙眼衣原体 (CT)感染对生育的影响。方法 :应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术 ,对 2 16对不孕夫妇宫颈分泌物、尿道分泌物进行 CT- DNA检测 ,并观察宫颈 CT感染对围排卵期宫颈粘液葡萄糖含量及性交后试验的影响。结果 :2 16对不孕夫妇衣原体感染的阳性率分别为 :女性 32 .4 % ,男性 30 .1%。宫颈 CT感染妇女围排卵期性交后试验与未感染妇女比较 ,每高倍视野的活精数明显减少 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,围排卵期宫颈粘液葡萄糖含量明显减少 (P<0 .0 1)。经治疗后宫颈 CT转阴的妇女 ,围排卵期性交后试验每高倍视野的活精数明显高于治疗前 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,宫颈粘液的葡萄糖含量亦明显高于治疗前 (P<0 .0 1)。治疗后宫颈 CT持续阳性妇女 ,围排卵期性交后试验与治疗前比较 ,每高倍视野的活精数无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,宫颈粘液的葡萄糖含量亦无明显变化 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :宫颈 CT- DNA感染是不孕的一个重要因素 ,导致不孕的原因 ,可能与患者宫颈粘液葡萄糖含量降低 。

195例妇女生殖道沙眼衣原体检出率分组比较研究

作者建立了以聚合酶链反应检测沙眼衣原体的方法，并以此技术对４组妇女生殖道沙眼衣原体感染进行了检测。结果表明卖淫妇女、ＳＴＤ门诊患者、妇科门诊患者及产科门诊孕妇生殖道沙眼衣原体的检出率分别为２４．４％（１１／４５）、１０．３％（５／４９）、６．０％（３／５０）及４．０％（２／５１）。前两组性病高危妇女沙眼衣原体的检出率（１７．０％）明显高于后两组妇女的检出率（５．０％）（ｐ＜０．０５），说明生殖道沙眼衣原体感染与性乱呈正相关。

PCR检验技术在性病临床标本实验诊断中应用价值的研究

目的 评价聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测技术在性病临床诊断中的应用价值。方法 比较PCR与传统检测手段对淋病和非淋菌性尿道炎病原体的检测结果。淋球菌以加多粘菌素的GC血液琼脂分离 ;衣原体用McCoy细胞培养 ;支原体用高效支原体培养基培养。PCR试验用基因释放剂作前处理 ,以 1.5 %琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察结果。结果 用PCR法检查淋病、衣原体和支原体感染的临床标本其敏感性和特异性均比传统的培养法高 ,作PCR试验的标本取材要求不如作培养那样严格 ,但作PCR应使用正规的试剂盒、规范的操作和严格的防污染措施 ,否则极易引起交叉污染。结论 PCR检验技术在性病诊断中具有巨大的应用潜力 ,对一些培养困难的病原菌 ,可在规范操作和标准化试剂盒的基础上逐步加以使用。PCR检测不宜用作判愈。

新型MGB探针在沙眼衣原体实时PCR检测中的应用

为建立基于TaqMan MGB探针的沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测方法 ,探讨其临床应用价值 ,用PCR法扩增沙眼衣原体隐蔽质粒pLVG44 0 2 464～ 2 980nt段 ,并克隆入 pMD18 T载体用作参比模板 ,设计一对引物和一个TaqMan MGB探针 ,优化反应条件 ,建立沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测系统 ,并运用该系统同时应用连接酶链式反应 (LCR)法对临床标本进行检测 .结果显示所建立的沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测系统 ,最低检测限度为 1DNA拷贝每反应 ;在 10 0 ～ 10 9DNA拷贝每反应范围内 ,Ct 值 (每个反应管内的荧光信号达到设定的域值时所经历的循环数 )和DNA拷贝数呈线性关系 (r >0 990 ) ;对临床标本检测结果同LCR分析结果吻合率为 10 0 % .以上结果表明 ,所建立的基于TaqMan MGB探针的沙眼衣原体DNA荧光定量PCR检测系统具有敏感性高、特异性强和线性检测范围广等特点 。

335例儿童肺炎衣原体急性下呼吸道感染分析

目的 了解肺炎衣原体在急性下呼吸道感染儿童中的感染状况。方法 采用套式聚合酶链反应技术 ,对335例急性下呼吸道感染儿童的咽拭子标本进行了肺炎衣原体检测。结果 在 335例急性下呼吸道感染儿童中 ,共检测出肺炎衣原体阳性标本 2 5例 ,阳性率为 7.4 6 %。

连接酶链反应检测宫颈沙眼衣原体感染

为评价连接酶链反应(LCR)诊断宫颈沙眼衣原体(CT)感染的意义，用质粒LCR和聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测170例STD门诊女性就诊者宫颈拭子标本中的CT，对两项检测结果不一致的标本进行校正，对PCR阳性而LCR阴性者，将LCR标本稀释10倍重复LCR或用PCR反应的DNA模板作LCR检测。对PCR阴性而LCR阳性者，用另一对针对沙眼衣原体主要外膜蛋白(MOMP)基因的引物作PCR测试。将以上两项检测结果阳性的标本判断为真阳性，确定LCR和PCR的敏感性和特异性。发现170例患者中24例LCR检测阳性(14.2％)，26例PCR阳性(15.3％)，对8例两项结果不一致的标本作了校正。LCR检测的敏感性和特异性分别为92％，99.3％；而PCR分别为92％，97.9％。结果提示LCR诊断女性宫颈CT感染具有较高的敏感性和特异性。

泌尿生殖系感染患者尿液中沙眼衣原体、淋球菌、解脲脲原体感染分析

目的检测泌尿生殖系统感染患者尿液中沙眼衣原体（CT）、淋球菌（NG）、解脲脲原体（UU）感染状况,并进一步了解CT、NG、UU病原体在深圳市的感染情况,为临床诊治提供实验室依据。方法采集疑似泌尿系统感染的609例患者（其中男305例,女304例）尿液,并选取其中108例患者同时采集尿液、分泌物,采用实时荧光聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测CT、NG、UU。结果 CT、NG、UU在分泌物及尿液中的检测结果比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。单纯感染UU阳性率最高,为42.04%（256/609）;CT＋NG＋UU感染患者感染率为0.33%（2/609）;CT＋UU感染是双重感染中最高,为2.63%（16/609）。男性患者CT、NG、UU感染率分别为：29.18%（89/305）、14.10%（43/305）、52.45%（160/305）;女性患者CT、NG、UU感染率分别是：3.29%（10/304）、2.63%（8/304）、31.58%（96/304）。〈20岁者CT、NG、UU阳性检出率为64.00%,20~29岁者为63.16%,〉29~39岁者为63.34%,〉39岁者为75.00%。结论采用尿液和分泌物检测CT、NG、UU的检出率基本一致;CT、NG、UU的感染率后者明显高于前二者,混合感染以CT＋UU感染率最高;男性患者CT、NG、UU感染率均高于女性。

轮状病毒肠道外感染的研究

目的:了解人类轮状病毒(RV)全身扩散后易感的肠外器官与组织,为临床的早期诊断与治疗提供有价值参考。方法:从RV胃肠炎患儿临床表现和化验检查获取RV全身感染的临床证据;采用原位PCR与杂交技术,从RV胃肠炎死亡病理组织标本中,获取RV感染的直接证据;用人类RV感染小鼠,验证人类RV一旦扩散至全身后,其易感的主要肠外器官与组织。结果:RV易感的肠外器官与组织主要有支气管与肺泡、心、肝、肾,其次有血液、神经、胰、胆。结论:人类RV一旦扩散至全身后,可能会对多个系统造成不同程度的损伤,认识这种可能性,早期预防与诊断,及时调整治疗方案,合理治疗,对提高危重症RV感染的治愈率、减少死亡率都具有重要的意义。

四川东北地区女性生殖道感染沙眼衣原体、淋球菌和解脲脲原体的结果分析

目的分析川东北地区2005~2012年女性生殖道沙眼衣原体(CT)、淋球菌(NG)和解脲脲原体(UU)感染状况及变化趋势,为该类患者的诊断和治疗提供实验室依据。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)技术对1 386例女性生殖道标本进行CT、NG、UU病原体DNA检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 3种病原体的总阳性率为62.8%(871/1 386)。单纯感染中以UU阳性率最高,为48.0%(665/1 386);CT、NG阳性率为仅为2.2%。混合感染以CT+UU阳性率最高,为6.5%(90/1 386);UU+NG阳性率为2.5%(35/1 386);CT+NG阳性率为0.4%(5/1 386);CT+UU+NG阳性率为1.1%(15/1 386)。不同年龄段中,小于20岁组阳性率为49.3%,而大于20岁组中均超过60%。2005~2012年间,女性CT、NG、UU病原体阳性率持续高水平且总体呈上升趋势。结论 CT和UU是该地区女性生殖道感染的主要病原体,并以20岁以上生殖道感染者阳性率均较高,3种病原体感染率呈逐年上升趋势,应该重视该人群CT和UU的检测以指导临床医师对患者的诊断和治疗。

北京市6岁以下门诊和住院腹泻患儿腺病毒检出率及流行特征

目的了解北京单中心门诊和住院腹泻患儿腺病毒(Ad)检出情况及流行特征。方法收集2010年1月至2013年12月首都儿科研究所6岁以下门诊腹泻、因腹泻住院和在住院期间出现腹泻症状患儿的粪便标本,采用PCR法检测Ad基因组DNA,分析流行特征。结果进入本文分析腹泻患儿3 357例,门诊和住院腹泻患儿分别为862和2 495例。13 357例腹泻患儿粪便标本中Ad检测阳性341例(10.2%),门诊和住院腹泻患儿Ad检出率分别为8.1%(70/862)和10.9%(271/2 495);门诊腹泻患儿肠道Ad(EAd)40例,包括Ad41和40型别,非肠道Ad(NEAd)30例(42.9%),包括Ad31和Ad2等5种型别;住院腹泻患儿EAd 271例,包括Ad41和Ad40型别,NEAd 157例(57.9%),包括Ad31和Ad7等11种型别;门诊和住院腹泻患儿Ad和NEAd检出率差异均有统计学意义(P分别为0.022和0.002)。2Ad在门诊腹泻男女患儿中的检出率分别为9.0%和6.5%,在住院腹泻男女患儿中的检出率分别为11.7%和9.5%,差异均无统计学意义(P分别为0.206和0.086)。男女患儿Ad检出率在住院和门诊腹泻患儿间差异均无统计学意义(P分别为0.080和0.112)。3门诊腹泻患儿~6月龄、~1岁、~2岁和~6岁的Ad检出率分别为4.4%、7.7%、11.6%和12.3%,各年龄段Ad检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.017)。住院腹泻患儿<28 d、~6月龄、~1岁、~2岁和~6岁的Ad检出率分别为4.4%、9.4%、13.2%、12.3%和13.4%,各年龄段Ad检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。4无论是门诊亦或住院腹泻患儿,全年各月均可见Ad检出。5Ad合并轮状病毒感染门诊腹泻患儿8/70例(11.4%),住院腹泻患儿29/271例(10.7%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.862)。结论北京单中心门诊和住院腹泻患儿中Ad检出率为10.2%,以EAd41型占优势,NEAd31型在儿童腹泻中的作用也不容忽视。