Impact of Chromium Propionate Supplementation and Days of Adaptation on Energy Status in Newly Weaned Steer Calves*

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influences that supplemental dietary chromium propionate (CrP;0 or 0.4 mg·kg-1 added to the total diet on a DM basis) has on plasma indicators of energy status in newly weaned steers upon introduction to the feedlot. For this experiment single source, Angus steers (n = 28;BW = 289 ± 12.0 kg) from a ranch in Western South Dakota were weaned and immediately shipped 579 km to the Ruminant Nutrition Center (RNC) in Brookings, SD. Steers were allotted to one of four 7.6 m × 7.6 m pens (2 pens/diet;7 steers/pen) at 4 d post-arrival to the RNC and test diets were initiated. No anabolic implant was used in this study. Subsequent BW measurements were obtained at 1400 h, to accommodate a post-prandial timing for blood sampling. This was 4 h after initial access to feed, and immediately prior to the afternoon feed delivery. Weights and blood sampling occurred on d 5, 12, 19, and 33. Whole blood samples were collected from all steers via jugular venipuncture and separated as plasma. There were no diet x day interactions (P ≥ 0.51) for plasma glucose, insulin, or urea-N. Plasma glucose, insulin, and urea-n levels were similar between diets (P ≥ 0.35). Plasma glucose and urea-n levels were not different across days (P ≥ 0.59). Insulin levels differed as a result of days of adaptation and were greatest (P = 0.01) on d 12 regardless of diet. There tended (P = 0.12) to be a diet x day interaction for NEFA levels. Plasma NEFA levels tended to be lower (P = 0.13) for calves fed CrP on d 5, and were greater (P = 0.09) on d 12 in calves fed CrP. The shift in NEFA on d 12 coincided with the spike in insulin levels. Both events occurred at the time that NEg intake was approaching the acclimated plateau and neither event impacted glucose status. In non-ruminants, elevated insulin concentrations decrease circulating NEFA levels. We detected minimal differences in regard to plasma indicators of lipid metabolism in this study due to chromium supplementation. These data indicate that ruminants may differ from non-ruminants in the regulation and maintenance of glucose status and body fat catabolism during the post-absorptive state.

Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the Environment in Ecuador

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or C;provide information to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of POPs in the environment.In the broader context of international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of perfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products from its national market for PFAS analysis.The products analyzed came from the initially listed fields of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:fire-fighting foams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and pesticides.Our results showed that the three PFAS presently listed in the Stockholm Convention could be quantified in only a few samples;additional PFAS,not yet listed in the Convention also had low detection frequencies.Although the number of samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel Convention—they would not constitute a disposal problem.Nevertheless,verification of the presence of PFAS in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge for both,developed and developing countries.

A Study on English Majors' Abilities to Transmit Chinese Culture in English at Newly Upgraded Universities

The transmitting of Chinese culture in the intercultural communication is of great importance for English learners in China.English majors at newly upgraded universities are weak in their abilities to express Chinese culture in English and transmit Chinese culture.To find measures for the problems,some necessary changes in the syllabus,textbooks,testing and curriculum are suggested,compiling of a dictionary for the standard of Chinese culture items in English is discussed,and the roles of teachers,students and English Corner in the cultivation of the abilities of English majors' to express Chinese culture in English at newly upgraded universities are analyzed.

Serum uric acid level in newly diagnosed essential hypertension in a Nepalese population:A hospital based cross sectional study

Objective:To develop the missing link between hyperuricemia and hypertension.Methods:The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with Nephrology Unit of Internal Medicine Department.Hypertension was defined according to blood pressure readings by definitions of the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee.Totally 205newly diagnosed and untreated essential hypertensive cases and age-sex matched nonnotensive controls were enrolled in the study.The potential confounding factors of hyperuricemia and hypertension in both cases and controls were controlled.Uric acid levels in all participants were analyzed.Results:Renal function between newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and nonnotensive healthy controls were adjusted.The mean serum uric acid observed in newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and in nonnotensive healthy controls were(290.05±87.03)μmol/L and(245.24±09.38)μmol/L respectively.A total of 59(28.8%)participants of cases and 28(13.7%)participants of controls had hyperuricemia(odds ratio 2.555(95%CI:1.549-4.213),P<0.00l).Conclusions:The mean serum uric acid leveb and number of hyperuricemic subjects were found to be significantly higher in cases when compared to controls.

A Single-Frequency Linearly Polarized Fiber Laser Using a Newly Developed Heavily Tm3+-Doped Germanate Glass Fiber at 1.95 μm

A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 195Ohm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.

Newly onset indirect traumatic optic neuropathy-surgical treatment first versus steroid treatment first

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of endoscopic trans-ethmosphenoid optic canal decompression(ETOCD) with combination of steroid in patients with newly onset indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON) and compare the outcome between immediate ETOCD treatment and ETOCD with preoperative steroid treatment. METHODS: Patients presented as newly onset ITON(suffered trauma within 3 d) at a tertiary medical center between Mar 1 st, 2016 and Mar 1 st, 2018 were enrolled in this study. All patients were equally and randomly divided into 2 groups. Cases in group A were performed ETOCD immediately after admition while cases in group B were prescribed by methylprednisolone(20 mg/kg · d) for 3 d before ETOCD. Methylprednisolone(20 mg/kg · d) was used after surgery for 6 d in group A and 3 d in group B. Follow-up was up to 3 mo in all cases. Visual acuity(VA) before and after treatment between the two groups were taken into comparison. RESULTS: Complete postoperative data were acquired from 34 patients in group A and from 32 patients in group B. Group A had significantly higher effective rate in VA than group B(χ~2 =4.905, P=0.027).CONCLUSION: For patients with newly onset ITON, combination treatment of ETOCD with high-dose steroid is an effective and safe way. Immediate surgery will lead to better prognosis for these cases.

A Newly Discovered Oil-bearing Mesoproterozoic Erathem within the Niu D1 Well, Liaoxi Depression, Yanliao Faulted Depression Zone, NE China

Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.

Supplementation of amylase combined with glucoamylase or protease changes intestinal microbiota diversity and benefits for broilers fed a diet of newly harvested corn

Background: The effect of amylases combined with exogenous carbohydrase and protease in a newly harvested corn diet on starch digestibility, intestine health and cecal microbiota was investigated in broiler chickens.Methods: Two hunderd and eighty-eight 5-day-old female chickens were randomly divided into six treatments: a newly harvested corn-soybean meal diet(control); control supplemented with 1,500 U/g α-amylase(Enzyme A);Enzyme A + 300 U/g amylopectase + 20,000 U/g glucoamylase(Enzyme B); Enzyme B + protease 10,000 U/g(Enzyme C); Enzyme C + xylanase 15,000 U/g(Enzyme D); and Enzyme D + cellulase 200 U/g + pectinase 1,000 U/g(Enzyme E). Growth performance, starch digestibility, digestive organ morphology, and intestinal microbiota were evaluated in the birds at 16 and 23 d of age.Results: Compared with the control diet, supplementation with Enzyme A significantly decreased ileum lesion scoring at 16 d of age(P < 0.05); supplementation with Enzyme B or Enzyme C showed positive effects on ileal amylopectin and total starch digestibility(P < 0.05); Broilers fed with a diet supplemented with Enzyme D had a tendency to decrease body weight gain at 23 d. Enzyme E supplementation improved lesion scoring of jejunum and ileum at 16 d(P < 0.05), and increased ileal amylopectin or total starch digestibility at 23 d(P < 0.05).Supplementation of enzymes changed cecal microbiota diversity. High numbers of Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Butyricicoccus, Anaerostipes and Bifidobacterium, Sutterella and Odoribacter were the main genera detected in supplementations with Enzymes B, C, D, and E respectively.Conclusions: Supplementation with amylase combined with glucoamylase or protease showed a beneficial effect on starch digestibility and intestinal microbiota diversity, and increased growth of broilers fed with newly harvested corn.

Protoraphis Simonsen, a newly recorded marine epizoic diatom genus for China

Epizoic diatoms on marine copepods are common in nature and may have a special ecological relationship with their hosts.However,this special ecological group is not well known,and it has only rarely been studied in the China seas.To address this knowledge gap,the species diversity and classification of epizoic diatoms on planktonic copepods were studied with samples collected from the East China Sea.In the present study,a marine araphid diatom genus Protoraphis and its type species,Pr.hustedtiana,were observed and identified by light and electron microscopy,thus representing the first record of this genus and its type species in China.This genus is characterized by a median sternum strongly bent to opposite sides and terminate in two transapical grooves at the valve ends.Protoraphis hustedtiana was found to be epizoic on the posterior body appendages and segments of the marine calanoid copepod Candacia bradyi.An internal view shows a complex,ear-shaped process that is close to the apical slit field.The ecological habitats and geographical distributions of Protoraphis were also discussed,and,together with complementary morphological studies,our results have increased the number of records for marine epizoic diatoms to three genera with three species in China,including Pseudohimantidium and Pseudofalcula.

Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Newly Defined Stage 1 Hypertension among Chinese on the Basis of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines

In 2017,American College of Cardiology(ACC)/American Heart Association(AHA)et al.jointly released the latest guidelines for adult hypertension,exactly including prevention,diagnosis,assess and treatment,in which blood pressure levels greater than 130/80 mm Hg were defined as hypertension[1].Based on these modified guidelines,the morbidity of hypertension in US increased from 32%to 46%.

A NEWLY RECOGNIZED PRECANCEROUS LESION OF THE STOMACH (HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF GLOBOID DYSPLASIA OF HUMAN GASTRIC EPITHELIUM)

The histopathological features of the globoid dysplasia of the human gastric epithelium were described in detail and in series by means of observation of serial sections of 61 cases with globoid dys-plasias. Three grades were divided according to the architectural and cellular atypia of the globoid dys-plasias. The penetration of outer layer globoid dys-plastic cells through the basement membrane of 'the structure of double layers' appeared in typical globoid dysplasia grade II and the infiltration of the globoid dysplastic cells into stroma as well as the formation of incipient focus of signet ring cell carcinoma were described. The twinkling scene of the infiltration of the globoid dysplastic cells into lamina propria through the basement membrane, and the destroying of the basement membrane by the globoid dysplastic cells were shown by means of Gordon Sweet's staining. Through the analysis as for the distribution characteristics of ages and sexes in 61 globoid dysplasia cases and 51 signet ring cell carcinomas, a fact was discovered that the mobility of female cases was ten years prior to that of male ones in average. A conclusion could be made that the globoid dysplasia might be an important precan-cerous lesion of the signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach.

Newly Discovered Fluvial-Lacustrine Sediments in the Western Yangtze Block and their Geological Significance for the Emeishan Large Igneous Province

Objective The Emeishan large igneous province （ELIP） in SW China is the only one large igneous province in China recognized by international geologists. Previous studies of ELIP over past two decades indicate that the ELIP age, duration, scale and generation mechanism are still controversial. Among those scientific topics, some scholars suggest that ELIP is an example of up-doming prior to LIP formation, which was evidenced by： （1） The thickness of the Yangxin Formation （P^v） limestone unit, which lies directly beneath ELIP, reduces from the center of erosional area to the outer edge. （2） Paleo-karst surfaces are present. （3） The clastic rocks of alluvial fan deposits, from the eroded materials in the maximum uplifted area, developed surrounding the inner zone. However, other scholars urge that those so-called ＂alluvial fan＂ deposits are ＂hydromagmatic deposits＂, erupted or emplaced at or near sea level, and conclude that there was no pre-emptive uplift in ELIP. In order to constrain the above-mentioned scientific issue, we conducted detailed field geological investigations and systematically measured geological sections to provide new evidence by using sedimentary data.

Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antiginaemia among newly employed staff of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital

Objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B antigen among newly employed staff in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria.Method:The medical records of a total of 238 newly employed members of staff of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital between 2000 and 2006 were reviewed.Their socio-demographic data and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen(HBSAg) results were analyzed.Results:The overall prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antiginaemia was found to be 5.04%.The prevalence was 7.30%in males and statistically significant compared to 3.50%in females.Conclusion:There is a reasonably high prevalence of HBSAg among adults prior to employment into Health Care Institutions.This poses a danger to clients seeking care in these health care facilities and other health care workers.Health Institutions must have clear policies on engagement of new staff relating to such communicable diseases based on existing Nigerian labour laws including the Workman Compensation Act.They must also implement policies on universal precautions to safeguard the health workers and clients in their care.Public enlightenment on the National Program on Immunization(NPI) must be intensified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence of HBSAg and its attendant consequences.

Newly Discovered Ca. 163 Ma OIB-Type Diabase Dike from the Shiquanhe Ophiolites, Western Tibet

Objective The Shiquanhe ophiolite is an important tectonic belt in western Tibet. It has been debated whether the Shiquanhe ophiolite represents an allochthonous nappe derived from the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone to the north or the

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE MEMBERS (MATHEMATICS) OF ACADEMIA SINICA NEWLY ELECTED IN 1991

Ding Xiaxi, research professor of Wuhan Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Academia Sinica, was born in Yiyang, Hunan Province, in May 1928. After graduation in 1951 from the Department of Mathematics, Wuhan

China's Newly Discovered 116 Medium-Sized or Above MineralProducing Areas During 2014

On 21st July,2015,China＇s Ministry of Land and Resources announced in the promotion meeting of prospecting breakthrough strategic action that China had 116 medium-sized or above newly discovered mineralproducing areas in 2014.

A Report of the Newly Discovered Cu–Ni Ore Deposit in the West of East Tianshan, North Xinjiang, China

Objective The Early Permian mafic-ultramafic intrusions （298- 270 Ma, Mao et al., 2008）, which are widely distributed in different tectonic domains in North Xinjiang, host magmatic sulfide ore deposits, making North Xinjiang the second most important region for Ni resources in China. The bulk of Cu-Ni ore deposits in East Tianshan, making up a large portion of Ni resources in North Xinjiang, were concentrated in the east of East Tianshan （the Huangshan- Jing＇erquan region） （Feng Yanqing, et al., 2017）, while no any analogue was discovered in the west of East Tianshan until the Lubei Cu-Ni （Co） ore deposit （90°21＇E, 42°10rN） was identified by Xinjiang Geological Survey in 2014. The Lubei Cu-Ni （Co） ore deposit is a medium- to large- sized deposit with Ni and Cu grades in the range 0.2%- 7.76% and 0.2%-2.30%, respectively. This work has initiated the prospection for a large-sized Cu-Ni ore deposit in the west of East Tianshan.

STUDY ON TRANSONIC CASCADE PERFORMANCE BY USE OF NEWLY BUILT FACILITY

Progress in computational fluid dynamics in the field of turbomachine cascades has increased recently the importance of the study by cascade wind tunnels to verify various newly introduced concepts. A transonic cascade wind tunnel test facility has been built for this purpose in the Department of Aeronautics, University of Tokyo. The system and operation of this facility will be explained in detail. The tunnel is of blowdown type, and can be run repeatedly at a short interval. Experimental cascade performances obtained by this facility as well as numerical results for cascades designed along new concepts are discussed.

105 Tons of Gold Resource Amounts Have Been Newly Discovered in Tongbai Mountain,Henan Province

In September 2016, the Department of Land and Resources of ttenan Province announced that the First Geological Exploration Institute of Henan Bureau of Geo- Exploration ＆ Mineral Development had recently discovered a new104.96-ton gold resource, with 122.034 tons of associated silver and also abundant natural soda and lead-zinc mineral resources in the deep and peripheral areas of the Laowan gold deposit in Tongbai County.

Relationship between plasma adipokines, inflammation, insulin resistance and subclinical atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of subclinical atherosclerosis, evaluated by carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 167 subjects, 50 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects and 117 non-diabetic subjects were included in the study. Obese and overweight newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were matched for age and BMI with obese and overweight non-diabetic subjects. Only postmenopausal women were selected. The following biomarkers were analyzed: fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, fasting proinsulin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, adiponectin, leptin, hs-CRP, urine albumin/creatinine ratio. 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in all subjects. Ultrasound imaging was used to evaluate IMT of the common carotid artery. Results: CIMT was greater in newly diagnosed type 2 patients compared to non-diabetic subjects. When analyzed by BMI, the difference regarding CIMT between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects was significant only in overweight subjects, in both sexes. In univariate analysis in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, CIMT was positively correlated with age, SBP, triglycerides, leptin and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol and in women CIMT was positively correlated with SBP and leptin. Independent determinants of CIMT in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were in men age (β = 0.556, p = 0.0028) and log leptin (β = 0.393, p = 0.049) and in women systolic blood pressure (β = 0.48, p = 0.026). Conclusions: Subclinical atherosclerosis is present in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. Body fat accumulation in men and hypertension in postmenopausal women have a primary role in increase carotid intima-media thickness.