Groundwater is considered as the main portion of the water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. The Sfax plain area is part of the arid/semi-arid areas of Tunisia that are subject to the impact of climatic and human ...Groundwater is considered as the main portion of the water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. The Sfax plain area is part of the arid/semi-arid areas of Tunisia that are subject to the impact of climatic and human pressures. Water scarcity in combination with groundwater exploitation is a major concern in this region. Therefore, sustainable management and protection of groundwater resources, it necessary. The delineation of groundwater potential (GP) zones becomes an increasingly important tool for implementing successful management programs. The purpose of the present paper is to assess the potential zone of groundwater resources in the study area. An efficient approach using geographical information system (GIS), hydrological modelling and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was developed. At first, six groundwater parameters that affect groundwater occurrences are derived from the spatial geodatabase. Those parameters are: Infiltration rate estimated from a GIS linked model, lineament density, drainage density, slope, rainfall and Land use/land cover. Then, the assigned weights of thematic layers based on expert knowledge were normalized by eigenvector technique of AHP. The parameter layers were integrated and modeled using a weighted linear combination (WLC). The resulting map was classified into four categories: very low, low, good, and excellent. The results showed that about 26% of the study area falls under very-low-potential zone, with 30% on low-potential zone, 21% with good potential zone, and 23% falling under excellent zone. The results of the analysis were validated using pumping rate data and curve trend of sensitivity classes theory validation of outcomes indicated a good prediction accuracy. The results of the present study can serve to prepare a comprehensive groundwater development and management plans proving its efficacy in this art of exploratory investigations.展开更多
热效率是锅炉的主要评价指标,测量参数的质量,对其影响很大。文中介绍了不确定度的分析原理,包括建立不确定度分析模型,对不确定度分量进行 A 类或 B 类评定的方法,合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度的计算方法等。在此基础上,给出了燃油...热效率是锅炉的主要评价指标,测量参数的质量,对其影响很大。文中介绍了不确定度的分析原理,包括建立不确定度分析模型,对不确定度分量进行 A 类或 B 类评定的方法,合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度的计算方法等。在此基础上,给出了燃油低压热水锅炉的不确定度分析模型及评定实例。计算结果表明,影响锅炉正平衡效率测试结果的不确定度因素主要有锅炉出水温度、进水温度、给水流量、燃油流量、燃油密度和给水密度等,降低测试结果的不确定度应考虑降低这些参数的不确定度。展开更多
针对二次设备状态评价的特点,提出了基于变权物元可拓的二次设备状态综合评价模型。结合物元可拓理论,确立二次设备的状态信息经典域,建立状态参量物元矩阵。同时,充分考虑权重确定过程的主观性,运用变权理论对各评价指标的权重进行修正...针对二次设备状态评价的特点,提出了基于变权物元可拓的二次设备状态综合评价模型。结合物元可拓理论,确立二次设备的状态信息经典域,建立状态参量物元矩阵。同时,充分考虑权重确定过程的主观性,运用变权理论对各评价指标的权重进行修正,并比较了三种权重确定方法。结果表明,变权法对异常指标具有放大作用,更加符合设备管理要求。最后引入贴近度函数对二次设备的状态进行综合评判。以某220 k V变电站某二次装置为例,评价结果显示设备处于注意状态,偏向异常状态的程度较大,结果基本符合设备实际运行情况,从而验证了该方法的正确性。展开更多
文摘随着电网信息层和物理层的不断融通发展,信息流交互频繁,电力信息物理系统(CPS)面临巨大安全挑战,针对信息层的网络攻击传播至物理层,极易导致整个电力系统的崩溃。基于电力CPS的双层耦合结构,运用传播演化理论建立了一类新型的SIA IB RA RB网络攻击传播模型,描述了网络攻击在电力网络节点中的传播行为。运用动力学分析方法分析网络攻击对电力CPS的攻击力和影响范围,提供预判网络攻击破坏力的具体算法;运用偏秩相关系数法和三维关联偏微分方法对系统参数进行敏感度分析,研究发现电力CPS的网络结构和传播概率对网络安全性至关重要,通过2个仿真模拟验证了上述理论结果的正确性。以南方电网有限公司历次典型设计和典型造价为例,梳理了电力系统网络安全防护体系实际建设费用变化趋势,建议从3个角度对安全防护体系进行精准定位建设,在降低电力CPS造价成本的同时保证系统的安全性。研究结果可为电网防御者在信息物理协同攻击威胁下制定新的防御方案提供参考。
文摘Groundwater is considered as the main portion of the water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. The Sfax plain area is part of the arid/semi-arid areas of Tunisia that are subject to the impact of climatic and human pressures. Water scarcity in combination with groundwater exploitation is a major concern in this region. Therefore, sustainable management and protection of groundwater resources, it necessary. The delineation of groundwater potential (GP) zones becomes an increasingly important tool for implementing successful management programs. The purpose of the present paper is to assess the potential zone of groundwater resources in the study area. An efficient approach using geographical information system (GIS), hydrological modelling and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was developed. At first, six groundwater parameters that affect groundwater occurrences are derived from the spatial geodatabase. Those parameters are: Infiltration rate estimated from a GIS linked model, lineament density, drainage density, slope, rainfall and Land use/land cover. Then, the assigned weights of thematic layers based on expert knowledge were normalized by eigenvector technique of AHP. The parameter layers were integrated and modeled using a weighted linear combination (WLC). The resulting map was classified into four categories: very low, low, good, and excellent. The results showed that about 26% of the study area falls under very-low-potential zone, with 30% on low-potential zone, 21% with good potential zone, and 23% falling under excellent zone. The results of the analysis were validated using pumping rate data and curve trend of sensitivity classes theory validation of outcomes indicated a good prediction accuracy. The results of the present study can serve to prepare a comprehensive groundwater development and management plans proving its efficacy in this art of exploratory investigations.
文摘热效率是锅炉的主要评价指标,测量参数的质量,对其影响很大。文中介绍了不确定度的分析原理,包括建立不确定度分析模型,对不确定度分量进行 A 类或 B 类评定的方法,合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度的计算方法等。在此基础上,给出了燃油低压热水锅炉的不确定度分析模型及评定实例。计算结果表明,影响锅炉正平衡效率测试结果的不确定度因素主要有锅炉出水温度、进水温度、给水流量、燃油流量、燃油密度和给水密度等,降低测试结果的不确定度应考虑降低这些参数的不确定度。
文摘针对二次设备状态评价的特点,提出了基于变权物元可拓的二次设备状态综合评价模型。结合物元可拓理论,确立二次设备的状态信息经典域,建立状态参量物元矩阵。同时,充分考虑权重确定过程的主观性,运用变权理论对各评价指标的权重进行修正,并比较了三种权重确定方法。结果表明,变权法对异常指标具有放大作用,更加符合设备管理要求。最后引入贴近度函数对二次设备的状态进行综合评判。以某220 k V变电站某二次装置为例,评价结果显示设备处于注意状态,偏向异常状态的程度较大,结果基本符合设备实际运行情况,从而验证了该方法的正确性。
