中文科技政策文本分类:增强的TextCNN视角

近年尽管针对中文本文分类的研究成果不少,但基于深度学习对中文政策等长文本进行自动分类的研究还不多见。为此,借鉴和拓展传统的数据增强方法,提出集成新时代人民日报分词语料库(NEPD)、简单数据增强(EDA)算法、word2vec和文本卷积神经网络(TextCNN)的NEWT新型计算框架;实证部分,基于中国地方政府发布的科技政策文本进行算法校验。实验结果显示,在取词长度分别为500、750和1000词的情况下,应用NEWT算法对中文科技政策文本进行分类的效果优于RCNN、Bi-LSTM和CapsNet等传统深度学习模型,F1值的平均提升比例超过13%;同时,NEWT在较短取词长度下能够实现全文输入的近似效果,可以部分改善传统深度学习模型在中文长文本自动分类任务中的计算效率。

Description of a New Species of the Asian Newt Genus Tylototriton sensu lato(Amphibia:Urodela:Salamandridae) from Southwest China

The newt genus Tylototriton sensu lato is widely distributed in Eastern,Southeastern and Southern Asia.Previous studies indicated that there still has been several cryptic species in the group.Here,we describe a new species of the genus from Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA supported that the new species was resolved as an independent clade nested into the Tylototriton sensu lato clade.On morphology,the new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters:large body size(SVL 76.8-85.2 mm in male and 76.3-87.4 mm in female);head longer than wide;snout truncate in dorsal view;tail length longer than the snout-vent length in males;the distal digit ends,ventral digits,peripheral area of cloaca and the tail s lower margin are orange;relative length of toesⅢ> Ⅳ> Ⅱ> Ⅰ> Ⅴ;the distal tips of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs are pressed along the trunk;fingertips reach the level beyond the snout when the forelimbs are stretched forward.

A New Newt of the Genus Cynops(Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guangdong, China

We describe a new species of the genus Cynops from northeastern Guangdong, China. This new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of morphological and molecular characters. In morphology, it is chra- cterized by distinctive irregular bluish grey spots on the dorsum from head to tail; irregular, bright orange blotches on venter, chin, underside of axillae, limbs, cloaca; one bright orange stripe in the middle of venter; and ventral tail orange red. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA data indicate that this new species forms one highly diverged lineage within the Chinese group of Cynops.

Retinoid X receptor α downregulation is required for tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration in the adult newt

Some adult vertebrate species,such as newts,axolotls and zebrafish,have the ability to regenerate their central nervous system（CNS）.However,the factors that establish a permissive CNS environment for correct morphological and functional regeneration in these species are not well understood.Recent evidence supports a role for retinoid signaling in the intrinsic ability of neurons,in these regeneration-competent species,to regrow after CNS injury.Previously,we demonstrated that a specific retinoic acid receptor（RAR）subtype,RARβ,mediates the effects of endogenous retinoic acid（RA）on neuronal growth and guidance in the adult newt CNS after injury.Here,we now examine the expression of the retinoid X receptor RXRα（a potential heterodimeric transcriptional regulator with RARβ）,in newt tail and spinal cord regeneration.We show that at 21 days post-amputation（dpa）,RXRαis expressed at temporally distinct periods and in non-overlapping spatial domains compared to RARβ.Whereas RARβprotein levels increase,RXRαproteins level decrease by 21 dpa.A selective agonist for RXR,SR11237,prevents both this downregulation of RXRαand upregulation of RARβand inhibits tail and caudal spinal cord regeneration.Moreover,treatment with a selective antagonist for RARβ,LE135,inhibits regeneration with the same morphological consequences as treatment with SR11237.Interestingly,LE135 treatment also inhibits the normal downregulation of RXRαin tail and spinal cord tissues at 21 dpa.These results reveal a previously unidentified,indirect regulatory feedback loop between these two receptor subtypes in regulating the regeneration of tail and spinal cord tissues in this regeneration-competent newt.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Plant Peptides

Peptides (molecular weights are 1200 – 11,600 Da) biologically acting at concentration 10-8 - 10-15 mg/ml were obtained from leaves of dill Anethum graveolens L. and celandine Chelidonium majus L. by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. We have shown that these peptides form second structure characterized by the prevalence of β-structures and coil in water solution. In model of organotypic roller culturing of triton liver in vitro, the ability of the peptides isolated from Anethum graveolens L. and Chelidonium majus L. at concentration 10-8 - 10-15 mg/ml to influence increasing of pigment cells, which provided protective function of organism, was demonstrated.

Histological Study of the Liver Pigmentation of Chinese Fire-bellied Newt (Cynops orientalis) During Activity and Hibernation Periods

The pigmentation in the liver of Chinese fire-bellied newt(Cynops orientalis) was described during two periods of the annual cycle(summer activity and winter hibernation). A large number of melanin granules were gathered into clusters and distributed unevenly inside the pigment cells. Liver pigmentation(melanin content) was found unstable,varying during the annual cycle. During the hibernation period,pigmentation accumulation was shown to increase in the liver of the Chinese fire-bellied newt. Hepatocytes during the active period are approximately 14.64% larger than those in the hibernation period,while the nucleus is approximately 7.43% bigger during the active period when compared with that during the hibernation period. These findings indicate that variation in pigment distribution and hepatocyte morphology in Chinese fire-bellied newt liver may be an ecologically adaptive strategy to the adverse physiological conditions during hibernation.

A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Eastern Dalou Mountains in Guizhou, China

A new newt species,Tylototriton daloushanensis Zhou,Xiao&Luo,sp.nov.,is described from Guizhou,China,based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses.Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S and ND2 genes show that the new species is an independent lineage closely related to T.maolanensis,T.broadoridgus,T.dabienicus,T.anhuiensis,and T.wenxianensis.Morphologically,the new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)large body size(SVL 64.7–83.6 mm in male and 70.5–100.3 mm in female);(2)head longer than wide,prominent bony ridges present;(3)snout rounded in dorsal view;(4)tail length less than snoutvent length in both males and females;(5)dark black body coloration,except for bright orange cranial region,palms and soles,vent region,and ventral ridge of tail;(6)relative length of toes Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅴ;(7)fingertips reaching to between the eyes and nostrils when the forelimbs are stretched forward;(8)distal tip of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs are pressed along the trunk;(9)presence of gular fold;(10)vertebral ridge slightly segmented,slightly flattened rib nodules,indistinct interspaces between rib nodules;and(11)lacking orange color markings on posterior parotoids and rib nodules.The found of the new species suggests that the species diversity of the genus Tylototriton may be underestimated.

Sticking/Climbing Ability and Morphology Studies of the Toe Pads of Chinese Fire Belly Newt

The Chinese fire belly newts （Cynops orientalis） have the ability to escape from the glass tank with vertical walls. An experimental device was developed to investigate the sticking and climbing behaviors of the newts. The detaching angles of the newt on the surfaces of glass, PMMA, and SUS 304 stainless steel at dry, little-water, and plenty-water conditions were meas- ured and used as an index to evaluate the sticking and climbing abilities of the newts on tilted surface. The experimental results show that the newts have a strong ability to stick on tilted surface, particularly on the surface with little water. Morphological studies of the toe pads and belly were carried out by SEM and cryo-SEM to clarify the sticking mechanisms. It is found that the toe pad of the newt consists of a dense array of nanopillars with ca 100 nm - 300 nm diameter surrounded by small channels. This structure is supposed to facilitate high adhesion to substrate by providing capillary forces, and promote the squeeze-out of fluid between the toe pad and substrate in flooded case.