Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on c...Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.展开更多
The atmospheric nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium nitrate aerosol were determined simultaneously in a Beijing site to test the equilibrium prediction. Rather good agreement between measurements and theory was found at...The atmospheric nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium nitrate aerosol were determined simultaneously in a Beijing site to test the equilibrium prediction. Rather good agreement between measurements and theory was found at ambient temperature above 9℃ at relative humidity below 70%. Below 9 ℃ the kinetic constraints preventing rapid attainment equilibrium were observed. A procedure for calculation of dependence of NH_4NO_3 aerosol dissociation constants on temperature and relative humidity was given. The seasonal variation of concentrations of NH_3, total NH_4^+ and HNO_3 was observed. The seasonal variation of concentrations of HNO_3 was caused by dissociation of NH_4NO_3 aerosol. The concentrations of NH_3 were 1-2 order higher than those of HNO_3. For formation of NH_4NO_3 aerosol the HNO_3 was the control reagent. Any increase of HNO_3 formed from NO_x would react with NH_3 to form NH4NO_3 aerosol in Beijing area except for someday in summer time.展开更多
A mixture of ammonium nitrate or nitro urea and silica sulfuric acid was found to be efficient and environmentally friendly nitrating media for the preparation of orto-nitro phenols in dichloromethane at room temperat...A mixture of ammonium nitrate or nitro urea and silica sulfuric acid was found to be efficient and environmentally friendly nitrating media for the preparation of orto-nitro phenols in dichloromethane at room temperature.展开更多
【目的】尿素硝铵溶液(urea ammonium nitrate solution,UAN)是集硝态氮、铵态氮和酰胺态氮于一身的液体氮肥品种,兼有3种氮源优势。本研究目的在于明确黑土区春玉米施用UAN的肥效和氮素利用效率,为进一步科学应用及推广提供依据。【方...【目的】尿素硝铵溶液(urea ammonium nitrate solution,UAN)是集硝态氮、铵态氮和酰胺态氮于一身的液体氮肥品种,兼有3种氮源优势。本研究目的在于明确黑土区春玉米施用UAN的肥效和氮素利用效率,为进一步科学应用及推广提供依据。【方法】2015和2016年在吉林省黑土区设置大田试验,施肥处理包括:不施氮(N0)、尿素一次性基施200 kg N·hm^(-2)(U200)、UAN一次性基施200 kg N·hm^(-2)(UAN200)、尿素基施80 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施120 kg N·hm^(-2)(U80-120)、UAN基施80 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施120 kg N·hm^(-2)(UAN80-120)、尿素基施64 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施96 kg N·hm^(-2)(U64-96)、UAN基施64 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施96 kg N·hm^(-2)(UAN64-96),追肥时期为拔节—大喇叭口期,施肥深度均为12 cm。测定指标包括籽粒产量、产量性状、植株吸氮量、土壤无机氮含量,并计算土壤-作物系统的氮素平衡、氮素的表观利用、残留和损失状况。【结果】2015和2016年施氮处理的玉米产量、植株吸氮量相比不施氮处理显著提高,均以UAN200处理最高(10.3、11.9 t·hm^(-2)和187.4、288.2 kg·hm^(-2)),而U64-96处理最低(9.14、10.2 t·hm^(-2)和159.1、243.8 kg·hm^(-2))。相同施氮量、施用方式条件下,UAN处理的玉米产量均等于或高于尿素处理。2015年UAN在200 kg N·hm^(-2)一次性、分次施用和160 kg N·hm^(-2)分次施用条件下相比尿素分别增加6.1%、2.0%和5.3%,2016年分别增加0.1%、7.8%和7.4%,其中UAN80-120处理显著增产。UAN增产的主要原因是减少果穗秃尖长度而增加单穗粒数。UAN处理的植株氮素吸收量在相同施氮量、施用方式条件下均高于尿素处理,而收获后土壤无机氮残留量和氮素表观盈余量相对较低,因而获得较高的氮素利用率。与UAN200处理相比,UAN64-96处理在减氮40 kg N·hm^(-2)条件下两年玉米产量分别达到9.6和11.0 t·hm^(-2),其中2015年干旱条件下与UAN200处理无显著差异。而且,UAN64-96处理的土壤氮素表观残留率最低,2015和2016年分别为2.4%和4.4%,而氮素表观利用率最高,分别达到42.6%和52.0%。【结论】相同用量和施用方式下,黑土区玉米施用UAN可获得与尿素相同甚至更高的产量和氮素吸收量,同时土壤氮素残留和盈余较少,氮素利用率明显较高,环境效应较好。从施氮量、产量和氮素利用及损失等方面综合考虑,黑土区春玉米推荐施用160 kg N·hm^(-2)的UAN,以基肥40%和拔节-大喇叭口期追肥60%分次施用。展开更多
文摘Technologies for reducing corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) during the early growing season are limited. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of humic acid on corn leaf burn caused by foliar spray of undiluted UAN solution on corn canopy at Jackson, TN in 2018. Thirteen treatments of the mixtures of UAN and humic acid were evaluated at V6 of corn with different UAN application rates and different UAN/humic acid ratios. Leaf burn during 1 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 14 days after UAN foliar spray significantly differed between with or without humic acid addition. The addition of humic acid to UAN significantly reduced leaf burn at each UAN application rate (15, 25, and 35 gal/acre). The reduction of leaf burn was enhanced as the humic acid/UAN ratio went up from 10% to 30%. Leaf burn due to foliar application of UAN became severer with higher UAN rates. The linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with humic acid/UAN ratio was highly significant and negative. However, the linear regression of leaf burn 14 days after application with the UAN application rate was highly significant and positive. In conclusion, adding humic acid to foliar-applied UAN is beneficial for reducing corn leaf burn during the early growing season.
文摘The atmospheric nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium nitrate aerosol were determined simultaneously in a Beijing site to test the equilibrium prediction. Rather good agreement between measurements and theory was found at ambient temperature above 9℃ at relative humidity below 70%. Below 9 ℃ the kinetic constraints preventing rapid attainment equilibrium were observed. A procedure for calculation of dependence of NH_4NO_3 aerosol dissociation constants on temperature and relative humidity was given. The seasonal variation of concentrations of NH_3, total NH_4^+ and HNO_3 was observed. The seasonal variation of concentrations of HNO_3 was caused by dissociation of NH_4NO_3 aerosol. The concentrations of NH_3 were 1-2 order higher than those of HNO_3. For formation of NH_4NO_3 aerosol the HNO_3 was the control reagent. Any increase of HNO_3 formed from NO_x would react with NH_3 to form NH4NO_3 aerosol in Beijing area except for someday in summer time.
文摘A mixture of ammonium nitrate or nitro urea and silica sulfuric acid was found to be efficient and environmentally friendly nitrating media for the preparation of orto-nitro phenols in dichloromethane at room temperature.
文摘【目的】尿素硝铵溶液(urea ammonium nitrate solution,UAN)是集硝态氮、铵态氮和酰胺态氮于一身的液体氮肥品种,兼有3种氮源优势。本研究目的在于明确黑土区春玉米施用UAN的肥效和氮素利用效率,为进一步科学应用及推广提供依据。【方法】2015和2016年在吉林省黑土区设置大田试验,施肥处理包括:不施氮(N0)、尿素一次性基施200 kg N·hm^(-2)(U200)、UAN一次性基施200 kg N·hm^(-2)(UAN200)、尿素基施80 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施120 kg N·hm^(-2)(U80-120)、UAN基施80 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施120 kg N·hm^(-2)(UAN80-120)、尿素基施64 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施96 kg N·hm^(-2)(U64-96)、UAN基施64 kg N·hm^(-2)+追施96 kg N·hm^(-2)(UAN64-96),追肥时期为拔节—大喇叭口期,施肥深度均为12 cm。测定指标包括籽粒产量、产量性状、植株吸氮量、土壤无机氮含量,并计算土壤-作物系统的氮素平衡、氮素的表观利用、残留和损失状况。【结果】2015和2016年施氮处理的玉米产量、植株吸氮量相比不施氮处理显著提高,均以UAN200处理最高(10.3、11.9 t·hm^(-2)和187.4、288.2 kg·hm^(-2)),而U64-96处理最低(9.14、10.2 t·hm^(-2)和159.1、243.8 kg·hm^(-2))。相同施氮量、施用方式条件下,UAN处理的玉米产量均等于或高于尿素处理。2015年UAN在200 kg N·hm^(-2)一次性、分次施用和160 kg N·hm^(-2)分次施用条件下相比尿素分别增加6.1%、2.0%和5.3%,2016年分别增加0.1%、7.8%和7.4%,其中UAN80-120处理显著增产。UAN增产的主要原因是减少果穗秃尖长度而增加单穗粒数。UAN处理的植株氮素吸收量在相同施氮量、施用方式条件下均高于尿素处理,而收获后土壤无机氮残留量和氮素表观盈余量相对较低,因而获得较高的氮素利用率。与UAN200处理相比,UAN64-96处理在减氮40 kg N·hm^(-2)条件下两年玉米产量分别达到9.6和11.0 t·hm^(-2),其中2015年干旱条件下与UAN200处理无显著差异。而且,UAN64-96处理的土壤氮素表观残留率最低,2015和2016年分别为2.4%和4.4%,而氮素表观利用率最高,分别达到42.6%和52.0%。【结论】相同用量和施用方式下,黑土区玉米施用UAN可获得与尿素相同甚至更高的产量和氮素吸收量,同时土壤氮素残留和盈余较少,氮素利用率明显较高,环境效应较好。从施氮量、产量和氮素利用及损失等方面综合考虑,黑土区春玉米推荐施用160 kg N·hm^(-2)的UAN,以基肥40%和拔节-大喇叭口期追肥60%分次施用。