土壤水氮动态及作物生长耦合EPIC-Nitrogen2D模型

为计算农业区不同作物生长条件下土壤水氮迁移转化过程,该文基于Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator（EPIC）作物模型建立了作物根系生长子模块,将其进行有限元数值离散,与土壤氮素迁移转化模型Nitrogen2D耦合,使模型能计算作物生长条件下土壤水氮迁移转化过程。该作物生长模块可计算多种胁迫下作物根系对土壤水分和氮素的动态吸收速率,及作物收获时的生物量和吸氮量。采用武汉大学灌溉排水试验场冬小麦生长条件下土壤水氮试验数据对模型进行了率定,并用于土壤水氮分布和作物生物量预测,土壤含水率、氮素的模拟值与实测值的一致性系数分别为0.86-0.97、0.52-0.98,Nash效率系数为0.59-0.90（含水率）、0.44-0.93（土壤氮素）,说明模拟结果与实测值吻合度较高。同时,分别采用该文的作物生长模块和简单根系吸收模块计算根系吸氮过程,结果显示,简单根系吸收模型会显著高估作物吸氮量,而作物生长模型则由于考虑了根系生长和各环境因子的胁迫作用,计算结果更符合作物实际吸氮过程,计算的根系吸氮量相对均方根误差为3.4%-46%。

LaSrNiO_(4-λ) with K_2NiF_4 Strcture──A Highly Active Catalyst for Direct Decomposition of Nitrogen Monoxide

A series of perovskite-like mixed oxides La2-xSrxMO4±λ(M =Cu, Co,Ni; x=0,1 ) was prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction. The catalytic properties of these catalysts in NO decompositiori were tested. The results showed that LaSrNiO4-λ with K2NiF4 structure is very active and stable for the decomposition of NO.

TaNRT2.1-6B is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter contributing to nitrogen uptake in bread wheat under both nitrogen deficiency and sufficiency

Multiple nitrate transporter(NRT)genes exist in the genome of bread wheat,and it is of great importance to identify the elite NRT genes for N-efficient wheat cultivar breeding.A candidate gene association study(CGAS)of six N use efficiency(NUE)related traits(grain N concentration(GNC),straw N concentration(SNC),grain yield(GY),grain N accumulation(GNA),shoot total N accumulation(STN)and N harvest index(NHI))was performed based on SNPs in 46 NRT2 genes using a panel composed of 286 wheat cultivars.CGAS identified TaNRT2.1-6B as an elite NRT gene that is significantly associated with four(NHI,SNC,GNA and GY)of the six NUE-related traits simultaneously.TaNRT2.1-6B is located on the plasma membrane and acts as a dual-affinity NRT.The overexpression of TaNRT2.1-6B increased the N influx and root growth of wheat,whereas gene silence lines resulted in the opposite effects.The overexpression of TaNRT2.1-6B also improved GY and N accumulation of wheat under either limited or sufficient N conditions.The data provide the TaNRT2.1-6B gene and the two associated SNP markers as promising powerful tools for breeding wheat cultivars with high N uptake ability and NUE.

Low-Density Co-Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 Promotes Plant Growth and Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Cultivars

Inoculation density has a marked effect on nodulation and N fixation in soybean (Glycine max L.). Therefore, we conducted this study to determine the optimal inoculation density of Bradyhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 (SAY3-7) and Streptomyces griseoflavus P4 (P4) for plant growth, nodulation, and N fixation, and to investigate the effect of co-inoculation on selected soybean cultivars, using the optimal inoculation density. Nitrogen fixation, in terms of an acetylene reduction activity value, was measured using a flame ionization gas chromatograph. In this study, low-density single inoculation with P4 (105 or 106 cells mL-1) was associated with the highest plant biomass, compared with normal- and high-density single inoculation with P4 (107 or 108 cells mL-1). Moreover, low-density single or co-inoculations with SAY3-7 and/or P4 produced the highest nodule biomass and highest nitrogenase activity, compared with single or dual inoculation at other inoculation densities. Therefore, we evaluated low-density co-inoculation with P4 and SAY3-7, at the rate of 105 cells mL-1, on selected soybean cultivars. Low-density co-inoculation increased the plant biomass, compared with un-inoculated plants. The effects of single and co-inoculation on nodulation did not differ significantly for any of the cultivars, except “Yezin-9” in the first experiment and “Shan Seine” in the second experiment. Low-density inoculation with both bacteria increased N fixation by 15% - 75% for seven of the cultivars in the first experiment and by 15% - 39% for three of the cultivars in the second experiment, compared with single inoculation with SAY3-7. Based on the overall results, we concluded that low-density co-inoculation with P4 and SAY3-7 gave improved plant growth and N fixation.

Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry Study of Nitrogen Cages N_2n(n=12-18)

Ab initio quantum mechanical method has been applied to nitrogen cages N_ 2n (n=12-18). Full geometry optimization, harmonic vibrational frequency and thermodynamics data for eight structures of nitrogen cages N_ 2n (n=12-18) were performed at the HF/cc-pVDZ level. Cage N_ 24 (D_ 6d ), N_ 24 (O_h), N_ 26 (D_ 6d ), N_ 28 (T_d), N_ 30 (D_ 5h ), N_ 32 (D_ 3d ), N_ 36 (D_ 2d ) and N_ 36 (D_ 6h ) were found to be local minima on the potential energy surfaces. The computational results show that all the bond lengths of the eight structures are close to 0.145 nm and their bond energies E_ N-N are near to the experimental data of N-N single-bond. In addition, the thermochemical data of these nitrogen cages indicated that they are stable. It suggests that they are candidates for high energy density materials.

高硅钢不同脱氧工艺下精炼渣系控制

针对“转炉→RH精炼→连铸”工艺流程生产的高硅钢精炼渣精准控制的难题,借助FactSage7.2商业热力学计算软件,计算了两种不同脱氧工艺下合理的精炼渣系控制范围。采用A脱氧工艺(铝脱氧硅合金化工艺)时,合理精炼渣系控制范围为氧化钙含量为53%~55%,二氧化硅含量在15%~18%,三氧化二铝含量为25%~30%,氧化镁含量为3%~5%,碱度为3~5;采用B脱氧工艺(硅脱氧铝合金化工艺)时,合理的精炼渣系的主要成分范围为:氧化钙含量为53%~56%,二氧化硅含量为12%~17%,三氧化二铝含量为25%~30%,氧化镁含量为3%~5%,碱度为3~4.5。采用工业两种对不同脱氧工艺精炼渣系吸附夹杂能力进行分析,结果表明B脱氧工艺下夹杂物数量、尺寸分布方面均优于A脱氧工艺。

铁水成分对成品氮含量影响的分析

从铁水各成分元素着手,深入探讨对成品氮含量的控制。通过对现场数据进行统计分析,得出控制成品氮含量的有效控制方向,并从脱氧、造渣等方面提出了改进措施。

提高碳化中段气二氧化碳浓度可行性探讨

高效、合理提高碳化中段气二氧化碳浓度,成为纯碱生产企业提高产能、减少煤耗、石耗而达到节能、降耗、减排的主要措施之一。本文通过介绍对燃煤电厂烟道气回收利用二氧化碳的可行性,希望为行业提供一些参考和借鉴。

定-转子反应器在水脱氧工艺中的应用研究

在定-转子反应器中采用N_2-水脱氧、CO_2-水脱氧两个体系脱除水中的溶氧,考察了转子转速、液体体积流量以及气体体积流量对脱氧率和传质系数的影响,并对比了两个水脱氧体系的脱氧效果。实验结果表明:脱氧率随转子转速和气体体积流量的增加而升高,随液体体积流量的增加而降低;传质系数随着转子转速、液体体积流量、气体体积流量的增加而增加;此外,N_2-水脱氧体系的脱氧效果要优于CO_2-水脱氧体系。

Interactive effects of irrigation and exponential fertilization on nutritional characteristics in Populus 3 euramericana cv. ‘74/76' cuttings in an open-air nursery in Beijing, China

Nutritional characteristics determine tree stock quality to a considerable extent. Exponential fertilization can induce nutrient reserves within juvenile trees, but its validity on poplar is contingent on interaction with a scientific irrigation regime due to limited water resources under global warming. In the present study, we raised 3200 Populus 9 euramericana cv. ＇74/76＇ cuttings under four irrigation regimes of 0（I0）, 60 %（I60）, 80 %（I80）, and100 %（I100） of field capacity for soil moisture content with or without（control） the employment of nitrogen（N） addition delivered as exponential fertilization at the rate of 8 g N cutting^（-1）（E8） in an open-air nursery in Beijing, China. Both height and diameter increased with the increment of soil moisture ratio or in response to exponential fertilization（EF） without any interactive effects. In general, concentrations of N, phosphorus（P）,and potassium（K） declined with time in stem but foliar N concentration did not change. Under the I100 regime, EF increased foliar N concentration relative to the control but failed to affect N concentration in stem in September, when both N concentration and N content were increased by EF under the I80 regime. Stem-K content and concentration by EF under the I80 regime also increased in September,therefore EF-treated cuttings had a higher ratio of K content in stem to that in whole plant（%ANAR）. Vector diagnosis for nutritional status indicated that EF resulted in dilution of K concentration but induced a steady-state P uptake in leaves under all irrigation regimes. Therefore, EF of N addition could promote N uptake to leaves of P. 9 euramericana cv. ＇74/76＇ cuttings, but it had a null effect on N and P reserves in stem and impaired K reserves.In conclusion, the irrigation regime of 80 % field capacity of soil moisture content was suggested for the culture of juvenile P. 9 euramericana cv. ＇74/76＇ cuttings. As the interactive meaning, EF was also suggested for its excellent promotion on both N and K uptakes.

Determination of 16 Species of OCPs in Water by Liquid-liquid Extraction-GC

[Objective] The research aimed to study the determination of 16 kinds of OCPs in water by liquid-liquid extraction -GC. [Method] The new method for determining 16 kinds of OCPs in water by liquid-liquid extraction -GC was established, and the influencing factors such as nitrogen pressure and water bath temperature were discussed. [ Result] Detection limit of the method was from 3.2 to 14.1 ng/L, the relative standard deviation was between 4.0% and 9.6%, and the average recovery ranged from 80.8% to 106.0%. By optimizing nitrogen pressure and water bath temperature in the sample pretreatment process, when nitrogen pressure was ＋0.087 kPa, and water bath temperature was ±36 ℃, recovery effect of this method was better. [ Conclusion] The determination method had accurate qualitative and quantitative results, and met detection requirement of 16 kinds of OCPs in water.

3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine.Structure and energy abilities as a component of solid composite propellants

The work addresses to the study of the molecular and crystal structure and properties of a new energyintensive compound 3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine(NBTAT),first obtained by the authors in 2020.NBTAT compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P2(1)/n,density at room temperature 1.939 g/cm^(3).The energies of crystal packing and pairwise intermolecular interactions in NBTAT and its unnitrated analogue BTAT were calculated,and their comparative analysis was carried out.The enthalpy of formation of NBTAT molecules was calculated by quantum-chemical methods using Gaussian 09,and the enthalpy of formation of NBTAT in the solid phase(618 kJ/mol)was estimated.The energy capabilities of NBTAT as an oxidizer of solid composite propellants are estimated.It is shown that in metal-free compositions NBTAT is significantly superior to ammonium perchlorate(AP),dinitramide ammonium salt(ADN),HMX,BTAT at all stages of rocket systems,and is comparable to the superdense CL-20 yielding to the latter at the lower stages and slightly winning at the upper stages.

催化重整稳定塔铵盐堵塞原因分析及在线处理措施

针对25万t/a固定床半再生催化重整装置重整单元稳定塔运行中出现的塔顶温度频繁超出设计指标(65℃)且异常大幅波动、造成液化气中C5组分体积分数远超指标(不大于5.0%)的问题,进行了原因分析,并实施了相应措施。结果表明:一旦精制石脑油原料中氮含量高的情况频发,氮化物杂质在重整反应过程中会生成NH3,当遇到系统中全氯型重整催化剂活性组分复合物在潮湿环境下水解失氯形成的HCl,便会结合生成大量NH4Cl,并在低于220℃下结晶且不溶于重整油,之后再夹带系统中的其他固体杂质结晶、沉积,造成设备的铵盐堵塞与腐蚀。在重整装置不停工的前提下,对因铵盐堵塞的稳定塔塔盘及浮阀实施在线注除氧水(溶解氧含量不大于15μg/L)洗塔处理措施,可有效除去NH4Cl混合结晶物,恢复提高塔盘的分离效果,保障液化气产品质量合格及装置的平稳长周期运行。

Recent advances and challenges of nitrogen/nitrate electro catalytic reduction to ammonia synthesis

The Haber-Bosch process is the most widely used synthetic ammonia technology at present.Since its invention,it has provided an important guarantee for global food security.However,the traditional Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process consumes a lot of energy and causes serious environmental pollution.Under the serious pressure of energy and environment,a green,clean,and sustainable ammonia synthesis route is urgently needed.Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a green and mild new method for preparing ammonia,which can directly convert nitrogen or nitrate into ammonia using electricity driven by solar,wind,or water energy,without greenhouse gas and toxic gas emissions.Herein,the basic mechanism of the nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)to ammonia and nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)^(-))to ammonia were discussed.The representative approaches and major technologies,such as lithium mediated electrolysis and solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC)electrolysis for NRR,high activity catalyst and advanced electrochemical device fabrication for(NO_(3)^(-))RR and electrochemical ammonia synthesis were summarized.Based on the above discussion and analysis,the main challenges and development directions for electrochemical ammonia synthesis were further proposed.

低温吸附法净化氢同位素气体

为了回收利用核聚变反应堆排出的托卡马克废气 ,将含有氧、氮杂质的氢同位素混合气 ,通过催化剂脱氧 ,低温 (77 4K)吸附的方法 ,进行了净化处理。实验结果表明 ,净化后的氢同位素产品气体氧体积分数小于 0 1× 10 - 6 ,氮体积分数小于 1× 10 - 6 。通过理论计算发现 ,采用此方法净化氢同位素时 ,氢同位素的损耗量只有氮杂质含量的 10 %～ 30 %。因此 ,采用本方法回收处理核聚变反应堆中的托卡马克废气完全能够满足实际需要。

CZDM膜制氮机组降氧工艺与氧气浓度变化规律研究

对CZDM膜制氮机组降氧工艺与氧气浓度变化规律进行了研究,利用CZDM膜制氮机组产生的低氧浓度气体,采用一系列降氧工艺使试验仓粮堆内的氧气浓度从20.9%降低到2.0%共用去408h。各工艺阶段粮堆平均氮气(氧气)浓度变化与该工艺前粮堆平均氮气(氧气)浓度和该工艺充入粮堆氮气浓度差成正比。本研究结果为开展低氧防治储粮害虫技术的应用提供了参考依据。

厌氧氨氧化系统的快速启动及其脱氮性能研究

在UASB反应器中,将污水处理厂好氧污泥与冷藏的厌氧氨氧化污泥以1∶1体积比混合。采用药剂还原法快速去除水中溶解氧,以ANAMMOX菌最适条件运行13 d,厌氧氨氧化现象明显,逐步提升进水负荷并稳定运行4个多月,进水氮负荷率(NLR)达到1.65 g/(L·d)(以(NH4++NO2-)计),NH4+-N和NO2--N去除率均达到95%左右。污泥性状逐渐由黑色糊状转变为砖红色颗粒。通过高通量测序技术检测启动成功的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,发现浮霉菌门、变形菌门、绿弯菌门、纤维杆菌门为主要菌门。浮霉菌门中CandidatusKuenenia为主要菌属,占比74.11%,此外还检测到SM1A02属、CandidatusBrocadia属等ANAMMOX反应器中代表性菌属。

用氮气脱氧装置降低飞机燃油中溶解氧分压

为了降低飞机燃油中溶解氧分压,研制出1套氮气脱氧试验装置,并考察了该装置在线脱氧过程中温度、压力以及氮气加注流量对飞机燃油溶解氧分压的影响。结果表明:在-15~30℃,飞机燃油溶解氧分压随着温度的升高而增大;溶解氧分压与压力成正比;在燃油流量为1 200 L/min的情况下,随着氮气加注流量的增加,燃油溶解氧分压不断下降,当达到饱和值22.6 m3/h时,其变化不大。

Thermal Behaviors of 2-（Dinitromethylene）-1,3- diazacycloheptane （DNDH）

2-（Dinitromethylene）-1,3-diazacycloheptane （DNDH） was prepared by the reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitro- ethylene （FOX-7） with 1,4-diaminoethane in NMP. Thermal decomposition behavior of DNDH was studied under the non-isothermal conditions with DSC method, and presents only one intensely exothermic decomposition process The kinetic equation of the decomposition reaction is da/dT= 103388× 3a2/3exp（--3.353 ×10^5/RT）/fl. The critical temperature of thermal explosion is 215.97℃. Specific heat capacity of DNDH was studied with micro-DSC method and theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity is 215.40 Jomol-1,K-1 at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time-to-explosion was calculated to be 92.07 s. DNDH has same thermal stability to FOX-7.

Denitrification characteristics of a marine origin psychrophilic aerobic denitrifying bacterium

A psychrophilic aerobic denitrifying bacterium,strain S1-1,was isolated from a biological aerated filter conducted for treatment of recirculating water in a marine aquaculture system.Strain S1-1 was preliminarily identified as Psychrobacter sp.based on the analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence,which showed 100% sequence similarity to that of Psychrobacter sp.TSBY-70.Strain S1-1 grew well either in high nitrate or high nitrite conditions with a removal of 100% nitrate or 63.50% nitrite,and the total nitrogen removal rates could reach to 46.48% and 31.89%,respectively.The results indicated that nitrate was mainly reduced in its logarithmic growth phase with a very low leve1 accumulation of nitrite,suggesting that the aerobic denitrification process of strain S1-1 occurred mainly in this phase.The GC-MS results showed that N 2 O was formed as the major intermediate during the aerobic denitrifying process of strain S1-1.Finally,factors affecting the growth of strain S1-1 and its aerobic denitrifying ability were also investigated.Results showed that the optimum aerobic denitrification conditions for strain S1-1 were sodium succinate as carbon source,C/N ratio15,salinity 10 g/L NaCl,incubation temperature 20°C and initial pH 6.5.