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Alkylene-functionality in bridged and fused nitrogen-rich poly-cyclic energetic materials:Synthesis,structural diversity and energetic properties
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作者 Man Xu Nanxi Xiang +2 位作者 Ping Yin Qi Lai Siping Pang 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期18-46,共29页
From the standpoint of chemical structures,the organic backbones of energetic materials can be classified into aromatic rings,nonaromatic rings,and open chains.Although the category of aromatic energetic compounds exh... From the standpoint of chemical structures,the organic backbones of energetic materials can be classified into aromatic rings,nonaromatic rings,and open chains.Although the category of aromatic energetic compounds exhibits several advantages in the regulation of energetic properties,the nonaromatic heterocycles,assembling nitramino explosophores with simple alkyl bridges,still have prevailed in benchmark materials.The methylene bridge plays a pivotal role in the constructions of the classic nonaromatic heterocycle-based energetic compounds,e.g.,hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine(HMX),whereas ethylene bridge is the core moiety of state-of-the-art explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20).In this context,it is of great interest to employ simple and practical bridges to assemble aromatic and nonaromatic nitrogen-rich heterocycles,thereby expanding the structural diversity of energetic materials,e.g.,bridged and fused nitrogen-rich poly-heterocycles.Furthermore,alkyl-bridged poly-heterocycles highlight the potential for the open chain type of energetic materials.In this review,the development of alkyl bridges in linking nitrogen-rich heterocycles is presented,and the perspective of the newly constructed energetic backbones is summarized for the future design of advanced energetic materials. 展开更多
关键词 energetic materials Alkyl bridge strategy nitrogen-rich azoles Fused heterocycles AZOLES
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Interfacial reinforcement of core-shell HMX@energetic polymer composites featuring enhanced thermal and safety performance
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作者 Binghui Duan Hongchang Mo +3 位作者 Bojun Tan Xianming Lu Bozhou Wang Ning Liu 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期387-399,共13页
The weak interface interaction and solid-solid phase transition have long been a conundrum for 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane(HMX)-based polymer-bonded explosives(PBX).A two-step strategy that involves... The weak interface interaction and solid-solid phase transition have long been a conundrum for 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane(HMX)-based polymer-bonded explosives(PBX).A two-step strategy that involves the pretreatment of HMX to endow—OH groups on the surface via polyalcohol bonding agent modification and in situ coating with nitrate ester-containing polymer,was proposed to address the problem.Two types of energetic polyether—glycidyl azide polymer(GAP)and nitrate modified GAP(GNP)were grafted onto HMX crystal based on isocyanate addition reaction bridged through neutral polymeric bonding agent(NPBA)layer.The morphology and structure of the HMX-based composites were characterized in detail and the core-shell structure was validated.The grafted polymers obviously enhanced the adhesion force between HMX crystals and fluoropolymer(F2314)binder.Due to the interfacial reinforcement among the components,the two HMX-based composites exhibited a remarkable increment of phase transition peak temperature by 10.2°C and 19.6°C with no more than 1.5%shell content,respectively.Furthermore,the impact and friction sensitivity of the composites decreased significantly as a result of the barrier produced by the grafted polymers.These findings will enhance the future prospects for the interface design of energetic composites aiming to solve the weak interface and safety concerns. 展开更多
关键词 HMX crystals Polyalcohol bonding agent energetic polymer Core-shell structure Interfacial reinforcement
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Enhancing energetic performance of metal-organic complex-based metastable energetic nanocomposites by spray crystallization
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作者 Ke-xin Wang Li-xiao Shen +5 位作者 Bin Yuan Yan Li Shun-guan Zhu Lin Zhang Zhen-xin Yi Chen-guang Zhu 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期203-213,共11页
Energetic metal-organic complexes have been involved in nanothermites as novel oxidants.However,the existing preparation methods often lead to mixing inhomogeneity and small contact area of ingredients,the reactivity ... Energetic metal-organic complexes have been involved in nanothermites as novel oxidants.However,the existing preparation methods often lead to mixing inhomogeneity and small contact area of ingredients,the reactivity and functionality of the novel energetic nanocomposites are still limited.In this work,spray crystallization(SC)method was used to prepare novel energetic nanocomposites,the high-energy metal-organic complex[Ni(CHZ)_(3)](ClO_(4))_(2)(CHZ=1,3-diaminourea)was composited with nanoaluminum(n-Al).Results showed that n-Al/[Ni(CH_(2))_(3)](ClO_(4))_(2)energetic nanocomposites prepared by SC method increased heat release to 2977.6 J/g and peak pressure to 3.91 MPa with higher pressurization rate(1324.06 MPa/s),decreased sensitivity thresholds(>100 mJ)to electrostatic discharge(ESD)and enhanced detonation ability compared with[Ni(CHZ)_(3)](ClO_(4))_(2)alone and physically mixed(PM)n-Al/[Ni(CHZ)_(3)](ClO_(4))_(2).These results proved that it is significant to introduce energetic metal-organic complexes with inherent high energy in new-concept n-Al/energetic metal-organic complexes nanocomposites through SC method for a better performance of its application. 展开更多
关键词 energetic metal-organic complexes Nano aluminum energetic nanocomposites Spray crystallization Thermite reaction
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Two Novel Nitrogen-rich Energetic Coordination Compounds M_2(DAT)_5(H_2O)_3(TNR)_2(M = Zn and Co):Synthesis,Characterization,Thermal Properties and Sensitivity 被引量:5
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作者 梁彦会 张建国 +3 位作者 崔燕 张同来 周遵宁 杨利 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第3期327-338,共12页
Two novel energetic coordination compounds Zn2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2 and Co2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2 were synthesized and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.The crystal ... Two novel energetic coordination compounds Zn2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2 and Co2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2 were synthesized and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy.The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The results reveal that the compounds have similar molecular structures and the crystals belong to the triclinic system,space group P with a = 11.491(3),b = 13.564(3),c = 15.496(3) ,V = 2180.4(8) 3,C17H28 Zn2N36O19,Mr = 1203.02 g·mol-1,Dc = 1.832 g·cm-3,μ(MoKα) = 1.221 mm-1,F(000) = 1223,Z = 2,R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1514 for 11289 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)) for Zn2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2 and a = 11.5291(13),b = 13.4894(15),c = 15.4852(17) ,V = 2164.8(4) 3,C17H28Co2N36O19,Mr = 1190.14 g·mol-1,Dc = 1.826 g·cm-3,μ(MoKα) = 0.888 mm-1,F(000) = 1211,Z = 2,R = 0.0576 and wR = 0.1431 for 11218 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)) for Co2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2,respectively.The thermal decomposition characteristics of the com-pounds were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetry-diffediffer-rential thermal gravimetry.The results of thermal decomposition processes were similar for the two compounds.Both undergo four-step decomposition after the loss of coordinated H2O molecules.The final solid residues for the two DAT complexes were the corresponding metal oxides.The kinetic parameter of the first exothermic process of the compounds was studied by applying the Kissinger and Ozawa-Doyle methods.The thermodynamic parameters of the activation could be calculated.Sensitivity tests revealed that Co2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2 was more sensitive than Zn2(DAT)5(H2O)3(TNR)2. 展开更多
关键词 1 5-diaminotetrazole energetic coordination compound crystal structure thermal decomposition sensitivity properties
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of Energetic Monovalent Copper Azide Complex: [Cu_2(dmpz)(N_3)_2]_n 被引量:1
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作者 范广 李小博 +3 位作者 马占营 邓玲娟 张引莉 郭金婵 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第10期1508-1512,共5页
A novel cuprous azide complex with the formula of [Cu2(dmpz)(N3)2]n(1, dmpz: 2,6-dimethylpyrazine) has been synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis with the reducibility of H3PO3 and structurally characteriz... A novel cuprous azide complex with the formula of [Cu2(dmpz)(N3)2]n(1, dmpz: 2,6-dimethylpyrazine) has been synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis with the reducibility of H3PO3 and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the title complex represents a three-dimensional network structure featuring 2D [Cu N3]n plane units bridged by bridging dmpz ligands to form a 3D network. Research results reveal that 1 has lower impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity, which may be expected to become insensitive energetic material and have potential applications. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 17.8599(15), b = 8.2889(5), c = 14.8076(14) A, β = 113.2580(10)o, V = 2014.0(3) A3, Z = 8, S = 1.025, the final R = 0.0303, w R = 0.0825 for 1460 observed reflections with I 2σ(I) and R = 0.0386, wR = 0.0870 for all reflections. In addition, elemental analysis, IR, and sensitivity characterization are presented. 展开更多
关键词 monovalent copper azide complex crystal structure energetic complex hydrothermal synthesis high-energy density materials
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Structure Investigation of a Novel Nitrogen-rich Energetic Complex Tetrammine-cis- bis ; 5-nitro-2 H-tetrazole-N2 ) Cobalt; hi) Perchlorate Dihydrate
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《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第1期119-120,共2页
关键词 高氯酸盐 爆炸物 含哨基 高温分解
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Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New 1D Polymeric Energetic Complex [Hg(DAT)Cl_2]_n (DAT = 1,5-Diaminotetrazole) 被引量:6
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作者 李志敏 张建国 +2 位作者 杨威 孙谋 张同来 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第5期653-658,共6页
A new energetic complex [Hg(DAT)Cl2]n was synthesized by the reaction of 1,5-diaminotetrazole with mercury bichloride and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Th... A new energetic complex [Hg(DAT)Cl2]n was synthesized by the reaction of 1,5-diaminotetrazole with mercury bichloride and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with P21/c space group, and a = 4.0342(3), b = 17.7999(12), c = 10.0127(7) , β = 91.558(1)°, V = 718.73(9) 3, Z = 4, CH4Cl2HgN6, Mr = 371.59, Dc = 3.434 g·cm-3, F(000) = 664, S = 1.037, the final R = 0.0223 and wR = 0.0642 for 1646 observed reflections with Ⅰ 〉 2σ(Ⅰ). The central Hg is coordinated by one N atom from 1,5-diaminotetrazole and one mono-dentate terminal chloride and two bi-dentate bridging chloride ligands. Adjacent Hg cations were connected by the bi-dentate Cl to form a 1D zigzag supramolecular chain along the a-axis. 展开更多
关键词 energetic materials mercury complex 1 5-diaminotetrazole crystal structure
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Accurate machine learning models based on small dataset of energetic materials through spatial matrix featurization methods 被引量:6
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作者 Chao Chen Danyang Liu +4 位作者 Siyan Deng Lixiang Zhong Serene Hay Yee Chan Shuzhou Li Huey Hoon Hng 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2021年第12期364-375,I0009,共13页
A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the develo... A large database is desired for machine learning(ML) technology to make accurate predictions of materials physicochemical properties based on their molecular structure.When a large database is not available,the development of proper featurization method based on physicochemical nature of target proprieties can improve the predictive power of ML models with a smaller database.In this work,we show that two new featurization methods,volume occupation spatial matrix and heat contribution spatial matrix,can improve the accuracy in predicting energetic materials' crystal density(ρ_(crystal)) and solid phase enthalpy of formation(H_(f,solid)) using a database containing 451 energetic molecules.Their mean absolute errors are reduced from 0.048 g/cm~3 and 24.67 kcal/mol to 0.035 g/cm~3 and 9.66 kcal/mol,respectively.By leave-one-out-cross-validation,the newly developed ML models can be used to determine the performance of most kinds of energetic materials except cubanes.Our ML models are applied to predict ρ_(crystal) and H_(f,solid) of CHON-based molecules of the 150 million sized PubChem database,and screened out 56 candidates with competitive detonation performance and reasonable chemical structures.With further improvement in future,spatial matrices have the potential of becoming multifunctional ML simulation tools that could provide even better predictions in wider fields of materials science. 展开更多
关键词 Small database machine learning energetic materials screening Spatial matrix featurization method crystal density Formation enthalpy n-Body interactions
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Synthesis and characterization of an intermediary of new heat-resistant energetic materials 被引量:1
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作者 Rui Feng Wu Tong Lai Zhang Xiao Jing Qiao 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第8期1007-1010,共4页
Nitration of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid(BPDC) was studied and an aromatic carboxylic acid containing two nitro groups was synthesized and characterized through elemental analysis and IR spectra.Crystal structur... Nitration of 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid(BPDC) was studied and an aromatic carboxylic acid containing two nitro groups was synthesized and characterized through elemental analysis and IR spectra.Crystal structure of DNBPDC(DNBPDC=2,2'- dinitro-4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and the thermal decomposition was carried out through DSC and TG-DTG analyses. 展开更多
关键词 energetic material Thermal analysis crystal structure
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Chemical design and characterization of cellulosic derivatives containing high-nitrogen functional groups:Towards the next generation of energetic biopolymers
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作者 Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun Djalal Trache +3 位作者 Thomas M.Klapotke Amir Abdelaziz Mehdi Derradji Slimane Bekhouche 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第4期537-546,共10页
In this research,a promising class of insensitive and high-energy dense biopolymers,which contain nitrogen-rich 1H-tetrazol-1-yl acetate and nitrate ester functional groups,was successfully synthesized through tetrazo... In this research,a promising class of insensitive and high-energy dense biopolymers,which contain nitrogen-rich 1H-tetrazol-1-yl acetate and nitrate ester functional groups,was successfully synthesized through tetrazole derivatization and nitration of cellulose and its micro-sized derivative(TNCN and TCMCN).Their molecular structures,physicochemical properties,thermal behaviors,mechanical sensitivities and detonation performances were studied and compared to those of the corresponding nitrocellulose and nitrated micro-sized cellulose(NCN and CMCN).The developed energetic TNCN and TCMCN exhibited insensitive character with excellent features such as density of 1.710 g/cm3and 1.726 g/cm3,nitrogen content of 20.95%and 22.59%,and detonation velocity of 7552 m/s and 7786 m/s,respectively,and thereby demonstrate their potential applications as new generation of energetic biopolymers to substitute the common NCN.Furthermore,thermal results showed that the designed nitrated and chemical modified cellulosic biopolymers displayed good thermal stability with multistep decomposition mechanism.These results enrich future prospects for the design of promising insensitive and high-energy dense cellulose-rich materials and commence a new chapter in this field. 展开更多
关键词 CELLULOSE Surface functionalization TETRAZOLE Nitrate ester nitrogen-rich polymer energetic properties
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冲击作用下CL⁃20含能共晶的反应分子动力学模拟
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作者 伍俊英 方汇璇 +3 位作者 尚伊平 李钧剑 王健宇 陈朗 《含能材料》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期49-64,共16页
共晶技术是降低六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL‐20)感度的有效方法之一,研究冲击作用下CL‐20共晶的化学反应,有助于理解CL‐20共晶的冲击反应机制,对炸药安全评价分析具有重要意义。本研究采用ReaxFF‐lg反应力场的分子动力学方法,同时结合... 共晶技术是降低六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL‐20)感度的有效方法之一,研究冲击作用下CL‐20共晶的化学反应,有助于理解CL‐20共晶的冲击反应机制,对炸药安全评价分析具有重要意义。本研究采用ReaxFF‐lg反应力场的分子动力学方法,同时结合非平衡加载方法,对CL‐20/2,5‐二硝基甲苯(DNT)、CL‐20/1,3‐二硝基苯(DNB)和CL‐20/1‐甲基‐3,5‐二硝基‐1,2,4‐三唑(MDNT)三种共晶在2~5 km·s^(-1)冲击速度下的冲击压缩过程进行了分子动力学模拟,获得了含能共晶在冲击作用后的热力学演化特征、初始化学反应路径和产物信息,并与CL‐20的情况进行了对比分析。研究发现:CL‐20/DNT、CL‐20/DNB和CL‐20/MDNT 3种共晶都有一定程度的降低冲击感度作用,3种共晶的冲击感度顺序依次为CL‐20/MDNT>CL‐20/DNB>CL‐20/DNT。3种共晶的分解反应均是从CL‐20分解开始,且CL‐20的分解速度比DNT、DNB和MDNT快。在2 km·s^(-1)冲击速度下,CL‐20共晶首先发生聚合反应,CL‐20与共晶配体分子间的聚合反应早于CL‐20分子间的聚合,且反应频次远高于CL‐20分子之间聚合。在3 km·s^(-1)的冲击条件下,CL‐20首先发生了N—N以及C—N键断裂,笼型结构被破坏,同时生成NO_(2),CL‐20初步断键后的结构及产物NO_(2)会进一步与共晶配体分子DNT、DNB、MDNT结合,降低CL‐20反应中间产物的浓度,达到降感作用。在4,5 km·s^(-1)冲击条件下,CL‐20中的环状骨架结构会直接遭到破坏,发生C—N键断裂,产生小分子碎片,直接生成N2,同时有NO_(2)、H_(2)、CO_(2)、H_(2)O等产物生成。 展开更多
关键词 含能共晶 反应力场 分子动力学 冲击波 反应机理
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中性硝基分子几何形状与晶体特性的关联性
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作者 何旭东 张增明 +1 位作者 张朝阳 薛向贵 《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期501-509,共9页
含能晶体堆积结构是影响其感度的重要因素之一,通过晶体中分子层间滑移来缓冲外界刺激是降低含能材料感度的重要机制。为了更好地设计低感高能分子,理解分子的几何形状与其晶体特性的内在关系十分重要。研究以剑桥晶体数据库中的CHNO类... 含能晶体堆积结构是影响其感度的重要因素之一,通过晶体中分子层间滑移来缓冲外界刺激是降低含能材料感度的重要机制。为了更好地设计低感高能分子,理解分子的几何形状与其晶体特性的内在关系十分重要。研究以剑桥晶体数据库中的CHNO类中性硝基分子为样本,采用假设检验方法(包括Z检验、t检验和χ2检验)研究了分子的几何形状与其晶体密度、堆积系数及可滑移性之间的关联性。结果表明,在球形、平面和线形分子中,球形分子有最高的晶体密度和堆积系数,但晶体可滑移性较弱;平面度高的平面形分子通过高堆积系数可获得与球形分子相当的晶体密度,同时平面形分子的晶体可滑移性较强,其χ2检验的置信度接近1;线形分子则不如前两者。虽然存在某些高晶体密度和堆积系数的含能晶体不具有可滑移的层状堆积结构,但整体而言,可滑移晶体的晶体密度和堆积系数均比不可滑移晶体大,其Z检验与t检验的置信度均大于0.95,表明通过设计易于发生分子层间滑移的晶体结构来降低其感度与提升晶体密度并不矛盾。平面形分子晶体密度一般较高,与晶体可滑移性强相关,是设计低感高能分子的首选。 展开更多
关键词 分子形状 晶体密度 堆积系数 剪切滑移 低感高能材料
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4-氨基-3,7-双(1H-四唑-5-基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[5,1-c][1,2,4]三嗪(DTTA)的晶体结构和热稳定性
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作者 杜薇 杨雷 +2 位作者 马卿 段明 苟绍华 《兵器装备工程学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第2期300-307,共8页
为深入研究新型含能材料4-氨基-3,7-双(1H-四唑-5-基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[5,1-c][1,2,4]三嗪(DTTA)的相关性能。采用核磁共振谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)、红外光谱(IR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)和X-射线单晶衍射仪等分析仪器对化合物的结构进行了表征。... 为深入研究新型含能材料4-氨基-3,7-双(1H-四唑-5-基)-[1,2,4]三唑并[5,1-c][1,2,4]三嗪(DTTA)的相关性能。采用核磁共振谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)、红外光谱(IR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)和X-射线单晶衍射仪等分析仪器对化合物的结构进行了表征。通过溶剂挥发的方式,在DMSO溶液中得到了DTTA的溶剂化物DTTA·2DMSO的晶体结构。结果表明:DTTA·2DMSO属于单斜晶系,空间群为P 21/n,a=4.630 2(5)?,b=23.278(3)?,c=17.069(2)?,140 K时晶体密度ρ=1.561 g·cm-3。测得其25℃下的粉末密度ρ=1.811 g·cm-3。采用Hirshfeld表面对晶体中各种近相互作用进行了分析,晶体内占主导地位的是N…H&H…N作用,占比高达52.4%。采用热重及差示扫描量热仪联用(TG-DSC)研究了DTTA的热分解性能,分解峰温为287℃。对DTTA的理论爆轰性能进行了研究,计算爆速为8 419 m·s-1,计算爆压为24.8 GPa。采用BAM感度测试仪测试了其冲击感度为24 J,摩擦感度大于360 N。用Kissinger法与Ozawa法分别计算了其活化能EK为200.25 kJ·mol-1,r为0.99,EO为199.38 kJ·mol-1,r为0.99。DTTA的综合性能较优异,可以作为一种有潜力的高能量密度炸药使用。 展开更多
关键词 含能材料 4-氨基-3 7-双(1H-四唑-5-基)-[1 2 4]三唑并[5 1-c][1 2 4]三嗪 晶体结构 热稳定性 Hirshfeld表面分析
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静水压力作用下(H_(2)dabco)[K(ClO_(4))_(3)]结构与稳定性的第一性原理研究
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作者 李巧利 李慎慎 +1 位作者 肖继军 陈兆旭 《物理学报》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第14期51-60,共10页
基于第一性原理计算,深入研究了(H_(2)dabco)[K(ClO_(4))_(3)](DAP-2)晶体在0—50 GPa压力作用下的晶体结构、分子结构、电子结构和力学性质变化,并评估了压力对其撞击感度和稳定性的影响.通过分析晶体内部特征键长和键角发现,在25 GPa... 基于第一性原理计算,深入研究了(H_(2)dabco)[K(ClO_(4))_(3)](DAP-2)晶体在0—50 GPa压力作用下的晶体结构、分子结构、电子结构和力学性质变化,并评估了压力对其撞击感度和稳定性的影响.通过分析晶体内部特征键长和键角发现,在25 GPa处,有机阳离子H_(2)dabco^(2+)的笼状结构发生了扭曲.对H_(2)dabco^(2+)和KO_(12)多面体的质心平均分数坐标和欧拉角的计算结果显示,整个压力范围内晶体可能保持Pa-3空间群对称性不变.根据第一性原理带隙判据和不同压力下的带隙变化,发现在低于20 GPa时,DAP-2的撞击感度随着压力增加而逐渐减小;而当压力高于20 GPa时,撞击感度则呈现出随压力增加而缓慢增大的趋势.此外,弹性常数C_(ij)、杨氏模量(E)、体积模量(B)、剪切模量(G)以及柯西压(C_(12)–C_(44))均随着压力的增大而增大,表明在压力作用下晶体的刚性和延展性得到了显著增强.根据力学稳定性准则,该晶体在整个压力范围内保持力学稳定性. 展开更多
关键词 含能钙钛矿 密度泛函理论 晶体结构 电子结构 力学性质
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两种富氮稠环型1,2,5-噁二唑类含能盐的合成及性能
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作者 李涛 易文斌 于琼 《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第6期615-622,共8页
以5,6-二肼基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡嗪(1)为原料合成了5,5′-(肼-1,2-二亚基亚胺)双(5,7-2H‑[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-e][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-8(4H)-亚胺)高氯酸盐(2)和5,5′-(二氮烯-1,2-二亚基)双([1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-e][1,2,4... 以5,6-二肼基-[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-b]吡嗪(1)为原料合成了5,5′-(肼-1,2-二亚基亚胺)双(5,7-2H‑[1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-e][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-8(4H)-亚胺)高氯酸盐(2)和5,5′-(二氮烯-1,2-二亚基)双([1,2,5]噁二唑并[3,4-e][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-8(7H)-亚胺)硝酸盐(3)两种富氮含能盐。采用核磁共振(NMR)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析(EA)、X-射线单晶衍射(XRD)等多种手段对含能离子盐2和3的结构进行了表征,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究其热分解行为,运用BAM标准测试方法获得摩擦感度和撞击感度,同时基于等键反应方程与EXPLO5软件预测其爆轰性能。结果表明,化合物2和3的晶体均属于单斜晶系,分别属于Pn和P21/n空间群,二者的晶体结构中阳离子部分具有良好的平面性,晶体堆积图中观察到了大量氢键。化合物2和3的热分解温度分别为154℃和130℃,理论爆速分别为7722 m·s^(-1)和8008 m·s^(-1),理论爆压分别为26.3 GPa和28.4 GPa,摩擦感度均为360 N,撞击感度均大于40 J。化合物2和3在爆轰性能、摩擦感度、撞击感度性能上均优于传统炸药TNT。 展开更多
关键词 噁二唑 三唑 吡嗪 含能离子盐 富氮稠环 晶体结构 性能
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1,3,5,5⁃四硝基六氢嘧啶与1,4,6,6⁃四硝基⁃1,4⁃二氮杂环庚烷的合成、晶体结构及性能
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作者 杜慧英 屈智慧 +5 位作者 夏江璐 杨雅麟 李馨宇 秦逸枫 伍波 马丛明 《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第5期475-483,共9页
以2,2-二硝基-1,3-丙二醇为原料,分别与叔丁胺和乙二胺反应后再经硝化,合成了2种爆轰性能优异、热稳定性良好的氮杂脂肪环含能化合物:1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶(DNNC)与1,4,6,6-四硝基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷(TNDA)。利用核磁波谱、红外光谱、... 以2,2-二硝基-1,3-丙二醇为原料,分别与叔丁胺和乙二胺反应后再经硝化,合成了2种爆轰性能优异、热稳定性良好的氮杂脂肪环含能化合物:1,3,5,5-四硝基六氢嘧啶(DNNC)与1,4,6,6-四硝基-1,4-二氮杂环庚烷(TNDA)。利用核磁波谱、红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射等手段对目标化合物进行了结构表征;利用差示扫描量热-热重联用研究了其热分解行为;采用BAM测试方法测试了DNNC与TNDA的撞击感度和摩擦感度;基于等键方程与EXPLO5预测了其生成焓与爆轰参数。结果表明,DNNC单晶中环己烷骨架与TNDA单晶中环庚烷骨架均为椅式构象,两种化合物都存在广泛的分子间、分子内非经典氢键;DNNC的相变温度为155.0℃,热分解温度为215.3℃,TNDA的相变温度为154.5℃,热分解温度为205.9℃;DNNC的撞击感度为25 J、摩擦感度为144 N,TNDA的撞击感度为17.5 J、摩擦感度为240 N,均比黑索今(RDX)与奥克托今(HMX)钝感;两种化合物的理论爆速分别为8772 m·s^(-1)、7828 m·s^(-1),理论爆压分别为34.8 GPa、25.0 GPa。 展开更多
关键词 含能化合物 氮杂脂肪环 偕二硝基 硝胺 晶体结构 机械感度
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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,4-Bis(azidoacetamino)furazan 被引量:6
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作者 李战雄 唐松青 +1 位作者 刘金涛 孙杰 《Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第1期25-28,共4页
Bis(azidoacetamino)furazan (DAZAF) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS as an energetic compound. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ra... Bis(azidoacetamino)furazan (DAZAF) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and MS as an energetic compound. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with the following data: C6H6N10O3, monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 4, a = 8.402(3), b = 15.146(3), c = 9.247(3) ? ?= 111.09(2)? V = 1098.0(6) 3, Mr = 266.18, Dc = 1.610 g/cm3, F(000) = 544, ?=1.34 cm-1, R = 0.037 and wR = 0.044 for 2136 observed reflections (I > 2(I)). Intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds were identified between the O and H atoms of two intramolecular acetylamino groups and two intermolecular acetylamino groups, respectively. 展开更多
关键词 FURAZAN ACETYLATION crystal structure hydrogen bond energetic compound
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4,8-二(2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯基)双呋咱并吡嗪的合成与性能 被引量:1
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作者 张倩 段秉蕙 +3 位作者 谭博军 卢先明 王伯周 刘宁 《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第2期107-113,共7页
为探索兼具良好耐热性能和安全性能的新型含能材料,以1-氯-2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯和4H,8H-双呋咱并吡嗪为原料,经取代反应合成了4,8-二(2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯基)双呋咱并吡嗪(NADFP)。采用核磁共振(氢谱、碳谱)、红外光谱、元... 为探索兼具良好耐热性能和安全性能的新型含能材料,以1-氯-2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯和4H,8H-双呋咱并吡嗪为原料,经取代反应合成了4,8-二(2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯基)双呋咱并吡嗪(NADFP)。采用核磁共振(氢谱、碳谱)、红外光谱、元素分析等测试方法对化合物结构进行了表征。通过溶剂挥发法培养获得NADFP与N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶剂合物的单晶NADFP·DMF,利用X-射线单晶衍射法进行解析。结果表明,NADFP·DMF属单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,a=7.854(3)?,b=18.466(6)A,c=11.093(3)A,ρ=1.640 g·cm^(-3)。使用Hirshfeld表面分析法计算了分子内/分子间作用力,显示氢键占比高达53.5%。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重法(TG/DTG)研究了NADFP的热分解性能,结果显示热分解峰温为337.2℃和368.8℃。研究了NADFP的理论爆轰性能和机械感度,密度为1.81 g·cm^(-3),固相生成热827.1 kJ·mol^(-1),理论爆速7968 m·s^(-1),理论爆压27.5 GPa,撞击感度大于40 J,摩擦感度大于360 N。其综合性能显著优于常用耐热炸药六硝基茋。 展开更多
关键词 耐热含能材料 双呋咱并吡嗪衍生物 晶体结构 热性能 爆轰性能 机械感度
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共晶理论与含能共晶材料研究进展
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作者 韩志跃 自荣才 +4 位作者 于跃 郭学永 曾鑫 张信睿 杨军 《兵器装备工程学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第7期39-50,共12页
含能材料高能量与低感度的平衡是难以快速突破的科学难题,而含能共晶技术可以通过改变含能化合物的内部结构组成和结晶结构,进而改变含能材料的固态性质,实现能量和安全性的平衡,从而保障现代武器系统的高效毁伤与高安全性。在总结现有... 含能材料高能量与低感度的平衡是难以快速突破的科学难题,而含能共晶技术可以通过改变含能化合物的内部结构组成和结晶结构,进而改变含能材料的固态性质,实现能量和安全性的平衡,从而保障现代武器系统的高效毁伤与高安全性。在总结现有含能共晶材料相关研究的基础上,首先,从热力学过程和相互作用等角度揭示了共晶的形成,汇总了含能材料共晶的制备方法以及表征技术,并简要论述了制备方法及表征技术的优缺点。其次,归纳总结了CL-20、HMX、TNB系列共晶炸药与2种共晶组分之间密度、熔点、分解温度、感度和爆炸性能的关系,验证了含能共晶技术可有效平衡高能量与低感度的固有矛盾。最后,提出了建立完善的含能材料共晶形成原理及共晶含能材料的放大生产与应用是含能材料领域亟需解决的两大关键难题,并展望了未来含能共晶材料的研究应致力于含能共晶体系开拓、含能共晶技术优化和含能共晶系统机器学习。 展开更多
关键词 共晶原理 含能共晶材料 共晶制备 共晶表征 共晶炸药性能
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高能氧化剂ONPP的合成工艺优化 被引量:3
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作者 燕超 孙瑞 +3 位作者 朱金利 任晓婷 卢艳华 何金选 《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2023年第4期332-337,共6页
为了解决当前高能氧化剂1,4⁃双(三硝基甲基)⁃3,6⁃二硝基吡唑[4,3⁃c]并吡唑(ONPP)合成工艺的低硝化收率以及使用剧毒物等问题,设计并开发了ONPP的新合成路线。将ONPP溶于乙酸乙酯,采用缓慢溶剂挥发法制备出ONPP的单晶,并对不同配方进行... 为了解决当前高能氧化剂1,4⁃双(三硝基甲基)⁃3,6⁃二硝基吡唑[4,3⁃c]并吡唑(ONPP)合成工艺的低硝化收率以及使用剧毒物等问题,设计并开发了ONPP的新合成路线。将ONPP溶于乙酸乙酯,采用缓慢溶剂挥发法制备出ONPP的单晶,并对不同配方进行了能量估算。结果表明,在碱和相转移催化剂Bu4NBr(TBAB)的参与下,3,6⁃二硝基吡唑[4,3⁃c]并吡唑(DNPP)与溴丙酮反应,在吡唑环上引入2个丙酮基团,接着使用HNO_(3)/H_(2)SO_(4)/P_(2)O_(5)硝化体系对其进行硝化,合成得到了ONPP,两步总收率为31%。相较原工艺(两步总收率为10.4%),新工艺的产品收率提升了近3倍,且避免了剧毒物丁烯酮的使用,更适合放大化生产。单晶衍射结果为:ONPP的晶体为单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,晶体密度为1.983 g·cm^(-3)(293 K)。经过对端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)(占比10%)、Al粉(占比20%)和氧化剂(占比70%)配方进行能量估算,当ONPP和高氯酸铵(AP)作为氧化剂复配使用,分别占比40%和30%时,其配方能量水平达到最佳,显著高于他们分别作为单一氧化剂时的配方能量水平。 展开更多
关键词 含能氧化剂 1 4⁃二(三硝基甲基)⁃3 6⁃二硝基吡唑[4 3⁃c]并吡唑(ONPP) 3 6⁃二硝基吡唑[4 3⁃c]并吡唑(DNPP) 晶体结构 合成工艺
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