Current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy color center

High precision current measurement is very important for the calibration of various high-precision equipment and the measurement of other precision detection fields.A new current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center magnetic measurement method is proposed to realize the accurate measurement of current.This new current method can greatly improve the accuracy of current measurement.Experiments show that the linearity of the current sensor based on diamond NV color center can reach up to 33 ppm,which is superior to other current sensors and solves the problem of low linearity.When the range of input current is 5-40 A,the absolute error of the calculated current is less than 51μA,and the relative error is 2.42×10^(-6) at 40 A.Combined with the research content and results of the experiment,the application of the current sensor in the field of current precision measurement is prospected.

Non-destructive Testing Method for Crack Based on Diamond Nitrogen-vacancy Color Center

Magnetic field measurement plays an extremely important role in material science,electronic en-gineering,power system and even industrial fields.In particular,magnetic field measurement provides a safe and reliable tool for industrial non-destructive testing.The sensitivity of magnetic field measurement deter-mines the highest level of detection.The diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center is a new type of quan-tum sensor developed in recent years.The external magnetic field will cause Zeeman splitting of the ground state energy level of the diamond NV color center.Optical detection magnetic resonance(ODMR),using a mi-crowave source and a lock-in amplifier to detect the resonant frequency of the NV color center,and finally the change of the resonant frequency can accurately calculate the size of the external magnetic field and the sensi-tivity of the external magnetic field change.In the experiment,a diamond containing a high concentration of NV color centers is coupled with an optical fiber to realize the preparation of a magnetic field scanning probe.Then,the surface cracks of the magnetized iron plate weld are scanned,and the scanning results are drawn into a two-dimensional magnetic force distribution map,according to the magnetic field gradient change of the magnetic force distribution map,the position and size of the crack can be judged very accurately,which pro-vides a very effective diagnostic tool for industrial safety.

A Bright Single-Photon Source from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Nanowires

Single-photon flux is one of the crucial properties of nitrogen vacancy （NV） centers in diamond for its application in quantum information techniques. Here we fabricate diamond conical nanowires to enhance the single-photon count rate. Through the interaction between tightly confined optical mode in nanowires and NV centers, the single-photon lifetime is much shortened and the collection efficiency is enhanced. As a result, the detected single-photon rate can be at 564 kcps, and the total detection coefficient can be 0.8%, which is much higher than that in bulk diamond. Such a nanowire single-photon device with high photon flux can be applied to improve the fidelity of quantum computation and the precision of quantum sensors.

Dependence of nitrogen vacancy color centers on nitrogen concentration in synthetic diamond

Crystallization of diamond with different nitrogen concentrations was carried out with a FeNiCo-C system at pressure of 6.5 GPa.As the nitrogen concentration in diamond increased,the color of the synthesized diamond crystals changed from colorless to yellow and finally to atrovirens(a dark green).All the Raman peaks for the obtained crystals were located at about 1330 cm^(-1)and contained only the sp^(3)hybrid diamond phase.Based on Fourier transform infrared results,the nitrogen concentration of the colorless diamond was<1 ppm and absorption peaks corresponding to nitrogen impurities were not detected.However,the C-center nitrogen concentration of the atrovirens diamond reached 1030 ppm and the value of A-center nitrogen was approximately 180 ppm with a characteristic absorption peak at 1282 cm^(-1).Furthermore,neither the NV^(0)nor the NV^(-)optical color center existed in diamond crystal with nitrogen impurities of less than 1 ppm by photoluminescence measurement.However,Ni-related centers located at 695 nm and 793.6 nm were observed in colorless diamond.The NE8 color center at 793.6 nm has more potential for application than the common NV centers.NV^(0)and NV^(-)optical color centers coexist in diamond without any additives in the synthesis system.Importantly,only the NV^(-)color center was noticed in diamond with a higher nitrogen concentration,which maximized optimization of the NV^(-)/NV^(0)ratio in the diamond structure.This study has provided a new way to prepare diamond containing only NV^(-)optical color centers.

Single-channel vector magnetic information detection method based on diamond NV color center

A method of detecting the single channel triaxial magnetic field information based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center is introduced.Firstly,the incident angle of the bias magnetic field which can achieve the equal frequency difference optically-detected magnetic resonance(ODMR)spectrum of diamond NV color center is calculated theoretically,and the triaxial magnetic information solution model is also constructed.Secondly,the microwave time-controlled circuit module is designed to generate equal timing and equal frequency difference microwave pulse signals in one channel.Combining with the optical detection magnetic resonance technology,the purpose of sequentially locking and detecting the four formant signals on one side of the diamond NV color center(m_(s)=-1 state signal)is achieved,and the vector magnetic field information detection is accomplished by combining the triaxial magnetic information solution model.The system can obtain magnetic field detection in a range of 0 mT-0.82 mT.The system's magnetic noise sensitivity is 14.2 nT/Hz^(1/2),and the deviation angle errors of magnetic field detectionθ_(x) andθ_(y) are 1.3° and 8.2° respectively.

Magnetic field analysis in a diamond anvil cell for Meissner effect measurement by using the diamond NV^- center

Diamond negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy(NV-) centers provide an opportunity for the measurement of the Meissner effect on extremely small samples in a diamond anvil cell(DAC) due to their high sensitivity in detecting the tiny change of magnetic field. We report on the variation of magnetic field distribution in a DAC as a sample transforms from normal to superconducting state by using finite element analysis. The results show that the magnetic flux density has the largest change on the sidewall of the sample, where NV-centers can detect the strongest signal variation of the magnetic field. In addition, we study the effect of magnetic coil placement on the magnetic field variation. It is found that the optimal position for the coil to generate the greatest change in magnetic field strength is at the place as close to the sample as possible.

Laser-polarization-dependent spontaneous emission of the zero phonon line from single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

We investigate spontaneous emission properties and control of the zero phonon line （ZPL） from a diamond nitrogen- vacancy （NV） center coherently driven by a single ellipfically polarized control field. We use the Schrrdinger equation to calculate the probability amplitudes of the wave function of the coupled system and derive analytical expressions of the spontaneous emission spectra. The numerical results show that a few interesting phenomena such as enhancement, narrowing, suppression, and quenching of the ZPL spontaneous emission can be realized by modulating the polarization- dependent phase, the Zeeman shift, and the intensity of the control field in our system. In the dressed-state picture of the control field, we find that multiple spontaneously generated coherence arises due to three close-lying states decaying to the same state. These results are useful in real experiments.

An Emerging Testing Method for Metallics Based on NV Center in the Diamond

Metal substance detection plays an extremely important role in daily life,industrial manufacturing and even industrial security.The traditional methods include optical detection,X-ray detection,microwave detection and ultrasonic detection.These methods,playing a vital role in the field of non-destructive testing,can not only judge the presence or absence of metal,but also accurately detect the type and size of metal defects.For microwave detection,the detection efficiency of metal materials is limited by the response sensitivity of the detector to microwaves.In recent years,scientists have discovered a quantum sensing system based on the diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center.The system obtains optical detection magnetic resonance(ODMR)fluorescence spectra under the combined action of a 532nm laser and a certain frequency band of microwaves,and the signal contrast changes significantly with the microwave power.Based on the NV color center quantum sensing system,this paper studies its application in the field of metal detection,and takes steel detection as an example to detect the size of steel bars according to the changes in the spectral line,providing a new method for non-destructive testing such as metal substance detection.

金刚石色心调控及光学谐振器的研究进展

金刚石因其优异的光学特性和色心发射器而被应用于光子器件领域。光学谐振器是一种微纳米光学结构,基于有限模体积内的光-物质相互作用增强,能够将金刚石色心的发射与谐振器的增强效应相结合,有选择性地增强色心的发射,用于在光子电路中提供稳定且强度充足的光学信号。近年来,金刚石微纳加工技术的发展推动了金刚石光学谐振器的研究和应用。本文总结了金刚石光学谐振器的研究现状,概述了金刚石的基本性质、合成与加工方法,介绍了金刚石色心的生成以及其与光学谐振器的耦合原理,梳理了三种不同类型的金刚石光学谐振器的研究进展,并对未来金刚石光学谐振器的发展进行了展望。

高温高压非金属元素掺杂金刚石的研究进展

金刚石因其优越的极限特性,使得其应用领域非常广泛。金刚石的功能特性往往由其内部所含杂质元素决定,包括非金属元素如硼(B)、氮(N)、硫(S)和磷(P)等。掺杂这些单元素以合成金刚石一直是国内外研究课题的热点。本文首先介绍了金刚石单晶在高温高压条件下的合成方法及其研究发展现状,随后分析了硼(B)、氮(N)、硫(S)、磷(P)等单元素掺杂对金刚石晶体生长和电学等性能的影响。同时对金刚石在半导体中的应用以及金刚石中的含氮色心进行了分析。最后展望了掺杂后金刚石的光学和电学性能研究前景,并指出进一步探索多元素共掺杂的理论和实验方法对提升掺杂金刚石的性能具有重要意义。

基于复合纳米振子系统的光学质量传感

提出了一种基于金刚石氮-空位(NV)色心-悬臂梁复合纳米机械振子系统,该系统将金刚石NV色心镶嵌在悬臂梁底部,再通过悬臂梁振动形变产生的应力与金刚石NV色心中的自旋电子相互作用实现耦合;进而利用光学泵浦-探测技术研究了该系统的相干光学特性。首先,基于该复合系统的探测吸收谱,提出了一种测量纳米机械振子频率的全光学方案,在红边带的条件下,可通过观测吸收谱中两尖峰的分裂宽度从而确定自旋与纳米机械振子的耦合强度。其次,由于金刚石NV中心电子自旋具有较长的相干时间,因此进一步基于该复合系统提出了一种室温下全光学质量传感方案。

采用磁屏蔽环结构的金刚石NV色心全光直流互感器系统

针对目前电力系统对电流互感器的精度与灵敏度提出的更高要求,提出了一种基于金刚石氮-空位(NV)色心的全光直流互感器的系统方案,系统包括光源模块、激光反馈模块、激光分束模块、一次传感探头模块、激光分频模块、光电转换模块以及信号采集和数据处理模块。对系统中的磁屏蔽环进行了结构的设计与仿真,并对仿真结果进行了实验验证。最后搭建了单通道实验验证系统,系统实测结果表明,设计的全光直流互感器在5 000 A大电流下无磁屏蔽时可以达到0.35%的测量精度,加入磁屏蔽环后测量精度提升到了0.06%,从而为基于金刚石NV色心的全光直流互感器的研制提供了参考。

基于无微波金刚石NV色心测磁技术的电流测量应用

为了在特高压(UHV)环境下使用氮-空位(NV)色心量子测量技术,研究了金刚石主轴与磁场夹角对相应曲线及电流测量精度的影响。构建金刚石氮-空位七能级超精细结构模型,根据仿真结果得到不同磁场方向下最高灵敏度范围和最佳测量范围,从而确定探头的最佳放置角度。基于无微波金刚石氮-空位技术搭建了直流大电流测量实验平台,测试了100~5000A范围内荧光电压对电流的响应曲线。实验结果表明,该平台对5000A直流电流测量误差在0.25%以内。作为无源器件,无微波金刚石氮-空位色心测磁传感器全光纤信号传输具备良好耐压性能,同时可在室温下工作,并具有结构紧凑、灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰能力强等优势,适用于特高压环境下的直流电流测量,为传统电力行业检测提供了新的检测方法。

天然和培育金刚石品质表征与呈色分析

金刚石是集最高硬度、超宽禁带、最高热导率等优异性能于一体的典型超硬多功能材料,天然金刚石储量低且价格昂贵,其中彩色天然金刚石在自然界中产储量极其稀少且致色机制较为复杂。高温高压法是制备金刚石的有效手段,然而调控金刚石颜色获得可控的彩色金刚石,仍面临极大挑战。本文通过对粉色、绿色天然和高温高压温度梯度法制备的金刚石进行一系列拉曼、荧光、红外和可见光吸收测试,详细地研究其品质、缺陷随温度变化及致色原因,发现彩色金刚石致色与电中性的N_(2)V缺陷(H_(3))、剪切应力、塑性形变和NV^(0)/NV^(-)色心等因素相关。通过各种手段获得不同颜色的金刚石不仅是为了其欣赏及收藏价值,其颜色的调控也有助于人们对金刚石形成机制的进一步了解,为培育彩色金刚石提供新的参考。

金刚石NV色心在钢丝绳缺陷检测中的应用

氮-空位(NV)色心是金刚石中的一种晶格缺陷,由于其具有优异的自旋性质和光学性质,在量子精密测量领域受到广泛关注。利用金刚石的高灵敏度和高分辨率磁测量特性,实现灵敏且准确的钢丝绳缺陷检测。在磁场测量方面,该技术使用光学探测磁共振法测出NV色心的共振频率,从而计算出外界的磁场强度。在钢丝绳检测方面,以浓度为1.8×10^(17)~3.6×10^(17)的NV色心磁传感器为核心组成探头模块,三块高度集成的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)板卡组成控制模块,搭建量子精密测量平台,检测钢丝绳断丝缺陷和微弱磨损缺陷。实验结果表明,该系统的磁场测量灵敏度可达6 nT/Hz,空间分辨率为200μm,可以对钢丝绳缺陷进行准确检测,为工业安全提供了新的检测方式。

基于磁集聚器的金刚石NV色心磁力计灵敏度的增强

对于金刚石氮空位(NV)色心磁力计,探索新的方法提高其灵敏度具有重要的意义。详细介绍了一种基于闭环反馈的频率调制技术结合磁集聚器的高灵敏度和高分辨率磁测量方法。设计了具有12倍磁放大倍数的T型磁集聚器。通过频率调制技术,磁力计灵敏度由1.5 nT/Hz^(1/2)提升到0.13 nT/Hz^(1/2)。同时,通过闭环锁定技术,磁力计最小可检测磁感应强度由10 nT增强到1 nT。该方法在理论和实验上均得到了验证,能够实现磁力计灵敏度和分辨率的提高,为高灵敏度和高分辨率磁力计的设计提供了参考,同时对自旋电子磁共振的基础研究也有着重要的意义。

基于金刚石NV色心的微角度测量方法

微角度检测在超高精密测量技术中有着重要的作用。研发了一种基于金刚石氮空位(NV)色心的微角度测量方法,其中NV色心作为微角度检测敏感单元,共轴磁铁作为传感单元,由于共轴磁铁和金刚石NV轴之间不同夹角下的磁场强度变化引起金刚石NV色心自旋能级波动,从而使得光学探测磁共振(ODMR)信号漂移,通过闭环频率锁定技术的实时追踪实现微角度的检测。并对微角度测量进行了理论分析和实验测试,理论和实验结果基本一致。同时,通过该方法获得了微角度传感检测的灵敏度为200 mV/deg,分辨率为10 mdeg,系统的等效角度均方根噪声为0.69 mdeg/Hz^(1/2)。该方法为高灵敏度、高分辨率的微角度检测提供了新的手段,同时实时追踪金刚石多个NV轴,可实现姿态矢量微角度检测。

金刚石NV色心系综内14N核自旋测量与调控

金刚石内氮空位(NV)色心中的氮核自旋是一个原子级别磁结构,无法如同NV电子自旋一样在任意磁场下受光泵浦极化。随机指向的氮核自旋缩短了NV色心电子自旋的相干时间,限制了NV色心电子自旋的传感测量能力。通过激光、微波和射频脉冲共同作用完成NV色心中氮核自旋的磁共振测量和调控,表明其可以被调控和初始化。研究结果表明,NV色心中的14N核自旋在2.79、4.95和7.11 MHz处具有共振信号。测量得到的核自旋系综Rabi信号在11个π脉冲的脉冲宽度射频作用后仍然具有明显相干性,而电子自旋系综在7个π脉冲的脉冲宽度微波作用后已经完全退相干,表明其具有远优于NV电子自旋的相干性质。引入单个π脉冲脉冲宽度的射频信号后,14N核自旋在一个态上的布居数降低了50%。这项工作可为在基于NV色心的传感测量应用中引入核自旋调控提升传感能力提供技术支撑。

基于金刚石氮-空位色心的温度测量技术

量子信息科学的高速发展推动了量子传感技术的研究,产生了很多重要成果,在精密测量领域产生了重要的影响。基于固态金刚石NV色心电子自旋探测的传感技术,可溯源至基本量子物理规律,在磁场、电场、温度、压力等传感领域的计量标准方面有重要的研究价值。金刚石NV色心优异的性质,使得严苛环境下可靠、稳定、高精度的传感应用成为可能。以其在温度测量领域上的应用为例,重点介绍最近十年来NV色心自旋探测原理和方法的发展,并结合最新的研究成果,论述固态量子温度计量的重要研究意义。

基于金刚石NV色心的弱磁场测量

从选题背景、实验原理、实验设计方案、实验结果与讨论、教学应用与展望等方面入手,介绍了基于金刚石NV色心的弱磁场测量相关的实验教学研究.重点阐述了金刚石NV色心的制备、共聚焦光路系统的搭建、通电线圈和圆柱形磁铁磁场的测量以及三维亥姆霍兹线圈的应用.该成果转化应用到全国大学生物理实验竞赛中,通过竞赛、教学、科研的有机结合,培养学生的综合素质和实践创新能力,并丰富大学物理实验的前沿教学内容.